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Zhu N, Lin S, Wang L, Kong X, Huang W, Cao C. Elevated inflammatory burden index increases mortality in adults with chronic inflammatory airway diseases: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:399. [PMID: 39164650 PMCID: PMC11337749 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between the inflammatory burden index (IBI) and the prevalence of chronic inflammatory airway diseases (CIAD), as well as mortality rates among individuals diagnosed with CIAD. METHODS Participants were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2010. The IBI was calculated using the formula: IBI = C-reactive protein * neutrophils / lymphocytes. CIAD comprised self-reported asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mortality outcomes, including all-cause and respiratory disease mortality, were determined through linked data from the National Death Index (NDI) up to December 2019. RESULTS A total of 27,495 adults were included. IBI was divided into quartiles, with the lowest quartile as the reference group. After adjusting for confounding variables, a positive correlation was observed between higher IBI and increased prevalence of total CIAD (OR = 1.383 [1.215-1.575]), asthma (OR = 1.267 [1.096-1.465]), chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.568 [1.263-1.946]), and COPD (OR = 1.907 [1.311-2.774]). Over a median follow-up of 12.33 [9.92-16.00] years, there were 1221 deaths from all causes and 220 deaths from respiratory disease among 4499 patients with CIAD. Following multivariate adjustments, the fourth quartile was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.227 [1.714-2.893]) and respiratory disease mortality (HR = 2.748 [1.383-5.459]) compared to the first quartile of IBI in CIAD participants. Moreover, variable importance analysis using a random survival forest model demonstrated the significance of IBI in predicting mortality from both all-cause and respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION IBI exhibited an association with the prevalence of CIAD, with higher IBI levels correlating with elevated all-cause and respiratory disease mortality among individuals with CIAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanhong Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weina Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Cheng C, Fan B, Yang Y, Wang P, Wu M, Xia H, Syed BM, Wu H, Liu Q. Construction of an adverse outcome pathway framework for arsenic-induced lung cancer using a network-based approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116809. [PMID: 39083875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants are considered as a cause of tumorigenesis, but approaches to assess their risk of causing tumors remain insufficient. As an alternative approach, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework is used to assess the risk of tumors caused by environmental pollutants. Arsenic is a pollutant associated with lung cancer, but early assessment of lung cancer risk is lacking. Therefore, we applied the AOP framework to arsenic-induced lung cancer. A systematic review revealed increased risks of lung cancer following exposure to a range of arsenic concentrations in drinking water (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI = 1.46-2.30). We obtained, from public databases, genes related to risk of arsenic-induced lung cancer. Then, Cox and LASSO regressions were used to screen target genes from the risk genes. Subsequently, target genes, phenotypes, and pathways were used to construct the computational AOP network, which was determined by Cytoscape to have 156 edges and 45 nodes. Further, target genes, phenotypes, and pathways were used as molecular initiating events and key events to construct the AOP framework depending on upstream and downstream relationships. In the AOP framework, by Weight of Evidence, arsenic exposure increased levels of EGFR, activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, regulated cell proliferation by promoting the G1/S phase transition, and caused generation of lung cancers. External validation was achieved through arsenite-induced, malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Overall, these results, by integration into existing data to construct an AOP framework, provide insights into the assessment of lung cancer risk for arsenic exposure. Special attention needs to be focused on populations with low-dose arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bowen Fan
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Binafsha Manzoor Syed
- Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Hao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Poisoning, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Guo H, Zhang C, Shen YK, Zhang JD, Yang FY, Liang F, Wang W, Liu YT, Wang GZ, Zhou GB. PD-L2 mediates tobacco smoking-induced recruitment of regulatory T cells via the RGMB/NFκB/CCL20 cascade. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:56. [PMID: 39042313 PMCID: PMC11266262 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), a ligand for the receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), has an identity of 34% with its twin ligand PD-L1 and exhibits higher binding affinity with PD-1 than PD-L1. However, the role of PD-L2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression, especially tobacco-induced cancer progression, has not been fully understood. Here, we found that PD-L2 promoted tumor growth in murine models with recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In patients with NSCLC, PD-L2 expression level in tumor samples was higher than in counterpart normal controls and was positively associated with patients' response to anti-PD-1 treatment. Mechanismly, PD-L2 bound its receptor Repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) on cancer cells and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB), leading to increased production of chemokine CCL20, which recruited Tregs and contributed to NSCLC progression. Consistently, knockdown of RGMB or NFκB p65 inhibited PD-L2-induced CCL20 production, and silencing of PD-L2 repressed Treg recruitment by NSCLC cells. Furthermore, cigarette smoke and carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) upregulated PD-L2 in lung epithelial cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated transcription activation, whose deficiency markedly suppressed BaP-induced PD-L2 upregulation. These results suggest that PD-L2 mediates tobacco-induced recruitment of Tregs via the RGMB/NFκB/CCL20 cascade, and targeting this pathway might have therapeutic potentials in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Handan University, Handan, Hebei Province, 056005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu-Ke Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China
| | - Fu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Ghaderi A, Khoshakhlagh AH, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Askari-Lemjiri F, Alemi F, Molavi N, Hazegh P, Farokhi B, Dehkohneh SG, Ghoreishi FS. Heavy metal concentrations and clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia related to cigarette smoking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15074. [PMID: 38956098 PMCID: PMC11219874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In our study, blood concentrations of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) and urine concentrations of thallium (Tl) were measured together with related symptoms of heavy metal poisoning in cigarette smoking volunteers diagnosed with schizophrenia, in cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia, and in the control group of non-smokers and not diagnosed with schizophrenia volunteers. Our study was performed on 171 volunteers divided into the following subgroups: patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with at least 1 year of continuous cigarette smoking experience (56 participants), cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia with at least one year of continuous smoking experience (58), and control group (not diagnosed with schizophrenia and non-smoking volunteers) (57). Smoking durations of cigarette smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia and cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia are not similar (p = 0.431). Blood Pb, As, and Cd concentrations and urine Tl concentrations were the highest in the subgroup of cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by the subgroup of cigarette smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia, and the control group. Only blood Pb concentrations were significantly higher (probability value p < 0.05) in the group of cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia (5.16 μg/dL), comparing to the group of cigarette smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia (3.83 μg/dL) and to the control group (3.43 μg/dL). Blood Cd and As concentrations and urine Tl concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia than in the control group. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) in the cigarette smokers in the schizophrenia diagnosed group between blood Pb, blood As, and urine Tl concentrations and the duration of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical and Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Fatemeh Alemi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nader Molavi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical and Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Pooya Hazegh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Farokhi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghadami Dehkohneh
- Department of Pharmacy, Acharya BM Ready College of Pharmacy, Rajive Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Banglore, Karnataka, India
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Perevalova AM, Kononchuk VV, Kalinina TS, Kozlov VV, Gulyaeva LF, Pustylnyak VO. Smoking-Mediated miR-301a/IRF1 Axis Controlling Immunotherapy Response in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Revealed by Bioinformatic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2208. [PMID: 38927914 PMCID: PMC11202148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for a variety of malignant tumors, the most well-known of which is lung cancer. Various molecular interactions are known to link tobacco smoke exposure to lung cancer, but new data are still emerging on the effects of smoking on lung cancer development, progression, and tumor response to therapy. In this study, we reveal in further detail the previously established association between smoking and hsa-mir-301a activity in lung squamous cell carcinoma, LUSC. Using different bioinformatic tools, we identified IRF1 as a key smoking-regulated target of hsa-mir-301a in LUSC. We further confirmed this relationship experimentally using clinical LUSC tissue samples and intact lung tissue samples. Thus, increased hsa-mir-301a levels, decreased IRF1 mRNA levels, and their negative correlation were shown in LUSC tumor samples. Additional bioinformatic investigation for potential pathways impacted by such a mechanism demonstrated IRF1's multifaceted role in controlling the antitumor immune response in LUSC. IRF1 was then shown to affect tumor immune infiltration, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, and the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. As a result, here we suggest a smoking-regulated mir301a/IRF1 molecular axis that could modulate the antitumor immune response and immunotherapy efficacy in LUSC, opening up novel opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Perevalova
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.P.); (L.F.G.)
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (T.S.K.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Vladislav V. Kononchuk
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (T.S.K.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Tatiana S. Kalinina
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (T.S.K.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Vadim V. Kozlov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (T.S.K.); (V.V.K.)
- Novosibirsk Regional Oncology Center, 630108 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.P.); (L.F.G.)
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (T.S.K.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Vladimir O. Pustylnyak
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.P.); (L.F.G.)
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (T.S.K.); (V.V.K.)
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Ma X, Fisher JA, McGlynn KA, Liao LM, Vasiliou V, Sun N, Kaufman JD, Silverman DT, Jones RR. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and risk of liver cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108637. [PMID: 38636274 PMCID: PMC11286199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been associated with liver cancer incidence and mortality in a limited number of studies. We sought to evaluate this relationship for the first time in a U.S. cohort with historical exposure assessment. METHODS We used spatiotemporal prediction models to estimate annual average historical PM2.5 concentrations (1980-2015) at residential addresses of 499,729 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort in 6 states (California, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) and 2 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Georgia, and Detroit, Michigan) enrolled in 1995-1996 and followed up through 2017. We used a time-varying Cox model to estimate the association for liver cancer and the predominant histologic type, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), per 5 µg/m3 increase in estimated outdoor PM2.5 levels, incorporating a 5-year average, lagged 10 years prior to cancer diagnosis and adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level and catchment state. We also evaluated PM2.5 interactions with hypothesized effect modifiers. RESULTS We observed a non-significantly increased risk of liver cancer associated with estimated PM2.5 exposure (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05 [0.96-1.14], N = 1,625); associations were slightly stronger for HCC, (84 % of cases; HR = 1.08 [0.98-1.18]). Participants aged 70 or older at enrollment had an increased risk of liver cancer versus other age groups (HR = 1.50 [1.01-2.23]); p-interaction = 0.01) and risk was elevated among participants who did not exercise (HR = 1.81 [1.22-2.70]; p-interaction = 0.01). We found no evidence of effect modification by sex, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes status, or alcohol consumption (p-interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings in this large cohort suggest that residential ambient PM2.5 levels may be associated with liver cancer risk. Further exploration of the variation in associations by age and physical activity are important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Ma
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Shen YX, Lee PS, Teng MC, Huang JH, Wang CC, Fan HF. Influence of Cigarette Aerosol in Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization and Cell Viability in SH-SY5Y: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1484-1500. [PMID: 38483468 PMCID: PMC10995954 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cigarette aerosol exposure is associated with various adverse health issues, its impact on Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of cigarette aerosol extract (CAE) on SH-SY5Y cells for the first time, both with and without α-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression. We found that α-Syn aggravates CAE-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) revealed a dual distribution of α-Syn within the cells, with homogeneous regions indicative of monomeric α-Syn and punctated regions, suggesting the formation of oligomers. Moreover, we observed colocalization of α-Syn oligomers with lysosomes along with a reduction in autophagy activity. These findings suggest that α-Syn overexpression exacerbates CAE-induced intracellular cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy dysregulation, leading to elevated cell mortality. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms linking exposure to cigarette aerosols with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pe-Shuen Lee
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Teng
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia C. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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8
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Cai Q, Chen M, Wang B, Wang J, Xia L, Li J. Phytosphingosine inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing G2/M-phase arrest, apoptosis, and mitochondria-dependent pathway cell death in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110795. [PMID: 37956922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to search for novel antitumor drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity, the anti-lung cancer activity of phytosphingosine was studied. Phytosphingosine is widely distributed in fungi, plants, animals, and has several biological activities, including anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. However, its anti-lung cancer activity needs to be further investigated. The effects and pharmacological mechanisms of phytosphingosine on lung cancer treatment were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that phytosphingosine inhibited the growth of lung cancer cell lines. Phytosphingosine induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway, phytosphingosine arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which caused the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential to promote the release of cytochrome C, caspase 9 and 3, and degrade PARP in A549 cells. The results showed that phytosphingosine could damage the mitochondrial functions, increase ROS levels, and arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M stages. Finally, phytosphingosine also inhibited the growth of tumor in mice. Taken together, phytosphingosine suppressed the growth of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and had potential application in the research and development of antitumor drugs. The aim of the present study was to explain the theoretical basis of phytosphingosine therapy for lung cancer and providing new possibilities for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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9
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. Live to die another day: novel insights may explain the pathophysiology behind smoker's paradox in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2517-2526. [PMID: 36867341 PMCID: PMC9983545 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection demonstrates a highly variable and unpredictable course. Several reports have claimed a smoker's paradox in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in line with previous suggestions that smoking is associated with better survival after acute myocardial infarction and appears protective in preeclampsia. Several plausible physiological explanations exist accounting for the paradoxical observation of smoking engendering protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we delineate novel mechanisms whereby smoking habits and smokers' genetic polymorphism status affecting various nitric oxide (NO) pathways (endothelial NO synthase, cytochrome P450 (CYP450), erythropoietin receptor (EPOR); β-common receptor (βcR)), along with tobacco smoke modulation of microRNA-155 and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) effects, may be important determinators of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 course. While transient NO bioavailability increase and beneficial immunoregulatory modulations through the above-mentioned pathways using exogenous, endogenous, genetic and/or therapeutic modalities may have direct and specific, viricidal SARS-CoV-2 effects, employing tobacco smoke inhalation to achieve protection equals self-harm. Tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of death, illness, and impoverishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, Wangthonglang, 10310 Bangkok Thailand
| | - A. Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - T. C. Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889 Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
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10
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Dibya TB, Proma AY, Dewan SMR. Poor Respiratory Health is a Consequence of Dhaka's Polluted Air: A Bangladeshi Perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231206126. [PMID: 37822683 PMCID: PMC10563460 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231206126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Dhaka, which is the capital and largest metropolis of Bangladesh, has seen an increase in the number of documented cases of respiratory disorders. Every day in Dhaka city, a remarkable number of patients are being diagnosed with poor respiratory conditions. The majority of these patients have no other severe disease history and mostly need to be exposed to outdoor air to meet their occupational requirements, indicating that the ailment may be associated with polluted air. As this is the most pressing issue that must be addressed in order to safeguard public health, we have made an effort to focus on the current situation surrounding the sources of air pollution in the city. Since this is a viewpoint article, we gathered data from various published articles, national dailies, and international reports generated by WHO, CDC, BBC, or other environmental news/report portals to highlight the public health issue related to respiratory health. Poor respiratory health is one of the main consequences of Dhaka's contaminated air, as determined by our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishul Basak Dibya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amrin Yeasin Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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11
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Shen J, Sun N, Wang J, Zens P, Kunzke T, Buck A, Prade VM, Wang Q, Feuchtinger A, Hu R, Berezowska S, Walch A. Patterns of Carbon-Bound Exogenous Compounds Impact Disease Pathophysiology in Lung Cancer Subtypes in Different Ways. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16396-16411. [PMID: 37639684 PMCID: PMC10510585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-bound exogenous compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, aromatic amines, and organohalogens, are known to affect both tumor characteristics and patient outcomes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC); however, the roles of these compounds in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. We analyzed 11 carbon-bound exogenous compounds in LUAD and LUSC samples using in situ high mass-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging and performed a cluster analysis to compare the patterns of carbon-bound exogenous compounds between these two lung cancer subtypes. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations among exogenous compounds, endogenous metabolites, and clinical data, including patient survival outcomes and smoking behaviors. Additionally, we examined differences in exogenous compound patterns between normal and tumor tissues. Our analyses revealed that PAHs, aromatic amines, and organohalogens were more abundant in LUAD than in LUSC, whereas the tobacco-specific nitrosamine nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone was more abundant in LUSC. Patients with LUAD and LUSC could be separated according to carbon-bound exogenous compound patterns detected in the tumor compartment. The same compounds had differential impacts on patient outcomes, depending on the cancer subtype. Correlation and network analyses indicated substantial differences between LUAD and LUSC metabolomes, associated with substantial differences in the patterns of the carbon-bound exogenous compounds. These data suggest that the contributions of these carcinogenic compounds to cancer biology may differ according to the cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Nanxishan
Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Pathology, Guilin 541002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Philipp Zens
- Institute
of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University
of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate
School for Health Sciences, University of
Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Verena M. Prade
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Center
for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute
of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University
of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Axel Walch
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München − German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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12
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LIAM CK, YEW CY, PANG YK, WONG CK, POH ME, TAN JL, SOO CI, LOH TC, CHIN KK, MUNUSAMY V, LIAM YS, IBRAHIM NH. Common driver mutations and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and never smokers. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:659. [PMID: 37452277 PMCID: PMC10347799 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there may be a relationship between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, driver mutations and cigarette smoking. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, the relationship between common driver mutations (EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement) and PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC according to the patients' smoking history was examined. Light, moderate and heavy smokers had smoked < 20, 20-39, and ≥ 40 pack-years, respectively. The level of PD-L1 expression, assessed using Ventana SP263 monoclonal antibody assay, was defined by the tumor proportion score (TPS) as high expression (TPS ≥ 50%), low expression (TPS 1%-49%) and no expression (TPS < 1%). RESULTS 101 (52.9%) of 191 advanced NSCLC patients were never smokers. EGFR mutations were more common in never smokers (64.4%) than in smokers (17.8%) with advanced NSCLC (P < 0.0001). A higher proportion of smokers (26.7%) had high PD-L1 expression compared to never smokers (13.9%) (P = 0.042). There was a trend for a higher proportion of male NSCLC patients [28 of 115 (24.3%)] than female patients [10 of 76 (13.2%)] to have high PD-L1 expression (P = 0.087]. High PD-L1 expression was seen in 32 of 110 (29.1%) patients with EGFR wild-type NSCLC but only in 6 of 81 (7.4%) patients with EGFR-mutant tumors (P < 0.0001). Among the 90 smokers with NSCLC, a higher proportion of heavy smokers (35.8%) than non-heavy smokers (13.5%) had high PD-L1 expression (P = 0.034). In patients with adenocarcinoma, high PD-L1 expression was seen in 25 of 77 (32.5%) patients with EGFR wild-type tumors but only in 4 of 70 (5.7%) patients with EGFR-mutant tumors (P < 0.0001). Among patients with adenocarcinoma, a significantly higher proportion of ever smokers (29.3%) than never smokers (13.5%) had high PD-L1 expression (P = 0.032). Among smokers with adenocarcinoma, a significantly higher proportion of heavy smokers (44.1%) than non-heavy smokers (8.3%) had high PD-L1 expression (P = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for gender and smoking status, heavy smoking and EGFR wild-type tumors remained significantly associated with high PD-L1 expression in NSCLCs and also in adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Heavy smoking and EGFR wild-type tumors were significantly associated with high PD-L1 expression in NSCLCs and also in adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Kin LIAM
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chian Yih YEW
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kek PANG
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Kuan WONG
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mau Ern POH
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiunn Liang TAN
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Ian SOO
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thian Chee LOH
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ka Kiat CHIN
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayan MUNUSAMY
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sheng LIAM
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Husna IBRAHIM
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Wu W, Wang Y, Xie J, Fan S. Empagliflozin: a potential anticancer drug. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:127. [PMID: 37436535 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is a highly effective and well-tolerated antidiabetic drug. In addition to hypoglycemic effects, empagliflozin has many other effects, such as being hypotensive and cardioprotective. It also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects in diabetic nephropathy. Several studies have shown that empagliflozin has anticancer effects. SGLT2 is expressed in a variety of cancer cell lines. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin has significant inhibitory effects on certain types of tumor cells, such as inhibition of proliferation, migration and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, empagliflozin has promising applications in cancer therapy as a drug for the treatment of diabetes and heart failure. This article provides a brief review of the anticancer effects of empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Shaohua Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
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14
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Han SC, Wang GZ, Zhou GB. Air pollution, EGFR mutation, and cancer initiation. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101046. [PMID: 37196632 PMCID: PMC10213952 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Swanton et al.1 find that PM2.5 exposure is associated with EGFR/KRAS-driven lung cancer incidence. PM2.5 increases EGFR pre-mutated alveolar type II cell progenitor function and tumorigenic activity through interstitial macrophage-secreted IL-1β, providing potential prevention approaches to inhibit cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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15
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Marshall K, Twum Y, Gao W. Proteome derangement in malignant epithelial cells and its stroma following exposure to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:711-720. [PMID: 36434399 PMCID: PMC10071504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Discovering novel changes in the proteome of malignant lung epithelial cells and/or the tumor-microenvironment is paramount for diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapy development. A time-dependent 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced mouse lung tumor model was used to screen the proteome of lung tumors. NNK-transformed human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were then established to evaluate the epithelial cell-specific protein changes. A duration-dependent increase of tumor burden was observed in NNK-treated mice, 2/12 (17%), 8/12 (67%), 9/12 (75%), and 10/10 (100%) at weeks 8, 12, 16, and 20 after the NNK exposure, respectively. A total of 25 differentially expressed proteins (≥ twofold change), predominantly structural, signaling, and metabolic proteins, were detected by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. Calregulin, ezrin, histamine releasing factor (HRF), and inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 (PPA1) exhibited changes and were further confirmed via immunoblotting. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis indicated upregulated E-cadherin and decreased vimentin expression in epithelial cells of tumor tissues. Acquisition of a neoplastic phenotype in NNK-transformed BEAS-2B cells was demonstrated by enhanced wound closure and increased anchorage independent colony formation. In transformed BEAS-2B cells, protein expression of E-cadherin, ezrin, and PPA1 (but not calregulin and HRF) was upregulated, as was observed in tumor tissues IHC staining using mouse lung tumor tissues further revealed that HRF upregulation was not lung epithelial cell specific. Altogether, tumorigenesis after NNK exposure may be initiated by protein dysregulation in lung epithelial cells together with proteome derangement derived from other cell types existing in the tumor-microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Marshall
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- West Virginia University, School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yaw Twum
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Singh S, Singh N, Baranwal M, Sharma S. Structural, functional analysis and association of MSH6 rs1800932, rs1042821 polymorphisms with clinical outcome in North Indian lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:735-745. [PMID: 35868444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we have done structural and functional analysis of rs1800932 rs1042821 polymorphisms and tried to estimate any association of these polymorphisms with clinical outcomes in north Indian lung cancer patients. METHODS Genotyping of 500 lung cancer patients was completed utilizing PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction- Restriction fragment length polymorphism). MedCalc statistical software was used to calculate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios. Various computational tools like SIFT PROVEAN are used for functional analysis. Structural analysis was completed via MODELLER and CHIMERA. RESULTS In our study, patients suffering from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and harboring heterozygous genotype (AG) for MSH6 (rs1800932) polymorphism have reported a significant increase in median survival time (MST) (20.6 vs. 7.6 months, p = 0.03). Furthermore, for MSH6 rs1042821 polymorphism, patients undergoing docetaxel and carbo/cisplatin combination chemotherapeutic regimen and carrying heterogeneous genotype (CT) reported a significant increase in MST (16.6 vs.8.36 months, p = 0.03) and a corresponding decrease in hazard ratio 0.42 (95% CI= 0.18-1.03). Structural and Functional analysis of rs1042821 polymorphism revealed that it is present in the non-coding region of MSH6 protein and is significantly associated with increased overall survival. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MSH6 rs1800932 rs1042821 polymorphisms are involved in increasing the overall survival of lung cancer patients, further confirmed by computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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Tobacco carcinogen induces tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression via induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:311. [PMID: 36068203 PMCID: PMC9448807 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan (Trp) metabolism to promote regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppress CD8+ T cells, is regulated by several intrinsic signaling pathways. Here, we found that tobacco smoke, a major public health concern that kills 8 million people each year worldwide, induced IDO1 in normal and malignant lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone (NNK) was the tobacco compound that upregulated IDO1 via activation of the transcription factor c-Jun, which has a binding site for the IDO1 promoter. The NNK receptor α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) was required for NNK-induced c-Jun activation and IDO1 upregulation. In A/J mice, NNK reduced CD8+ T cells and increased Tregs. Clinically, smoker patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibited high IDO1 levels and low Trp/kynurenine (Kyn) ratios. In NSCLC patients, smokers with lower IDO1 responded better to anti-PD1 antibody treatment than those with higher IDO1. These data indicate that tobacco smoke induces IDO1 to catabolize Trp metabolism and immune suppression to promote carcinogenesis, and lower IDO1 might be a potential biomarker for anti-PD1 antibodies in smoker patients, whereas IDO1-high smoker patients might benefit from IDO1 inhibitors in combination with anti-PD1 antibodies.
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18
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Upregulation of wild-type p53 by small molecule-induced elevation of NQO1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:692-702. [PMID: 34035487 PMCID: PMC8888561 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is usually inactivated by somatic mutations in malignant neoplasms, and its reactivation represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancers. Here, we reported that a new quinolone compound RYL-687 significantly inhibited non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells which express wild type (wt) p53, in contract to its much weaker cytotoxicity on cells with mutant p53. RYL-687 upregulated p53 in cells with wt but not mutant p53, and ectopic expression of wt p53 significantly enhanced the anti-NSCLC activity of this compound. RYL-687 induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of Nrf2, leading to an elevation of the NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) that can protect p53 by inhibiting its degradation by 20S proteasome. RYL-687 bound NQO1, facilitating the physical interaction between NQO1 and p53. NQO1 was required for RYL-687-induced p53 accumulation, because silencing of NQO1 by specific siRNA or an NQO1 inhibitor uridine, drastically suppressed RYL-687-induced p53 upregulation. Moreover, a RYL-687-related prodrug significantly inhibited tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice inoculated with NSCLC cells and in a wt p53-NSCLC patient-derived xenograft mouse model. These data indicate that targeting NQO1 is a rational strategy to reactivate p53, and RYL-687 as a p53 stabilizer bears therapeutic potentials in NSCLCs with wt p53.
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19
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Stanic B, Samardzija Nenadov D, Fa S, Pogrmic-Majkic K, Andric N. Integration of data from the cell-based ERK1/2 ELISA and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database deciphers the potential mode of action of bisphenol A and benzo[a]pyrene in lung neoplasm. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131527. [PMID: 34329126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals can activate a variety of signaling pathways, initiating changes in gene expression and cellular functions. Here, we combined experimental data on the chemical-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation with the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to connect signaling, genes, and phenotypes to reveal the potential chemical's mode of action (MOA) responsible for the disease state. Experimental data on ERK1/2 activation were derived from the cell-based phospho-ERK1/2 ELISA on human alveolar epithelial cells A549. A549 cells were exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), tributyltin (TBT), and ibuprofen from 10-12 M to 10-5 M. Results show that BPA, BaP, and TBT can activate ERK1/2 in A549 cells. We selected BPA and BaP to elucidate the molecular events connecting chemical exposure, ERK1/2 signaling, phenotypes, and lung neoplasm (LN) using CTD. CTD analysis showed that BPA and BaP share 26 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3) signaling genes associated with LN. Phenotype prioritization revealed 37 BPA, 10 BaP, and 11 shared key phenotypes associated with LN. Alignment of MAPK1/3 signaling genes and phenotypes showed that ERK1/2 and oxidative stress, EGFR gene, and positive regulation of cell proliferation and migration could be the shared key events (KE) for BPA and BaP. This analysis also identified protein kinase B and ERK1/2 signaling, FGF9, FGFR1 and FGFR2 genes, positive regulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis as KE in MOA for BPA, whereas ERK1/2 signaling, IL6 and DAB2IP genes, negative regulation of cell proliferation and inflammatory response were identified as KE in MOA for BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stanic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | | | - Svetlana Fa
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia.
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CXCL13 in Cancer and Other Diseases: Biological Functions, Clinical Significance, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121282. [PMID: 34947813 PMCID: PMC8708574 DOI: 10.3390/life11121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is a multistep and complex process involving interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). C-X-C chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, CXCR5, make crucial contributions to this process by triggering intracellular signaling cascades in malignant cells and modulating the sophisticated TME in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. The CXCL13/CXCR5 axis has a dominant role in B cell recruitment and tertiary lymphoid structure formation, which activate immune responses against some tumors. In most cancer types, the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis mediates pro-neoplastic immune reactions by recruiting suppressive immune cells into tumor tissues. Tobacco smoke and haze (smohaze) and the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene induce the secretion of CXCL13 by lung epithelial cells, which contributes to environmental lung carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the knockout of CXCL13 inhibits benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer in mice. Thus, a better understanding of the context-dependent functions of the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in tumor tissue and the TME is required to design an efficient immune-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular events and TME alterations caused by CXCL13/CXCR5 and briefly discuss the potentials of agents targeting this axis in different malignant tumors.
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21
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Ahluwalia P, Ahluwalia M, Mondal AK, Sahajpal NS, Kota V, Rojiani MV, Kolhe R. Natural Killer Cells and Dendritic Cells: Expanding Clinical Relevance in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164037. [PMID: 34439191 PMCID: PMC8394984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer that accounts for almost 85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Although recent advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have helped in the clinical management of these patients, the survival rate in advanced stages remains dismal. Furthermore, there is a critical lack of accurate prognostic and stratification markers for emerging immunotherapies. To harness immune response modalities for therapeutic benefits, a detailed understanding of the immune cells in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Among the diverse immune cells, natural killer (NK cells) and dendritic cells (DCs) have generated tremendous interest in the scientific community. NK cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance by directly killing malignant cells. DCs link innate and adaptive immune systems by cross-presenting the antigens to T cells. The presence of an immunosuppressive milieu in tumors can lead to inactivation and poor functioning of NK cells and DCs, which results in an adverse outcome for many cancer patients, including those with NSCLC. Recently, clinical intervention using modified NK cells and DCs have shown encouraging response in advanced NSCLC patients. Herein, we will discuss prognostic and predictive aspects of NK cells and DC cells with an emphasis on NSCLC. Additionally, the discussion will extend to potential strategies that seek to enhance the anti-tumor functionality of NK cells and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Ashis K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Nikhil S. Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Mumtaz V. Rojiani
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2771; Fax: +1-706-434-6053
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22
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Fu Y, Li B, Yun J, Xu J, Meng Q, Li X, Chen R. lncRNA SOX2-OT ceRNA network enhances the malignancy of long-term PM 2.5-exposed human bronchial epithelia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112242. [PMID: 33895495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in outdoor air is carcinogenic and associated with the development of lung cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, the profiles of lncRNA, microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human bronchial epithelia (HBE) following exposure to PM2.5, diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), or aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) were explored by microarray to reveal the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA network participating in the malignant transformation of HBE cells following long-term PM2.5 exposure. The results showed that lncRNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) was significantly induced in HBE cells exposed to PM2.5, DEPs, or Al2O3 NPs, acting as a sponge to microRNA-345-5p, which subsequently increased the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is a therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we found that SOX2-OT is an upstream trigger of EGFR in HBE cells during long-term PM2.5 exposure. Importantly, SOX2-OT knockdown effectively reduced the colony formation and migration capacities of HBE cells, compared to the wild type control. Collectively, SOX2-OT/microRNA-345-5p/EGFR is a ceRNA mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of bronchial epithelia exposed to PM2.5, which improves our understanding of the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jun Yun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Public Health, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Public Health, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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23
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Cazzolla Gatti R. Why We Will Continue to Lose Our Battle with Cancers If We Do Not Stop Their Triggers from Environmental Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6107. [PMID: 34198930 PMCID: PMC8201328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides our current health concerns due to COVID-19, cancer is a longer-lasting and even more dramatic pandemic that affects almost a third of the human population worldwide. Most of the emphasis on its causes has been posed on genetic predisposition, chance, and wrong lifestyles (mainly, obesity and smoking). Moreover, our medical weapons against cancers have not improved too much during the last century, although research is in progress. Once diagnosed with a malignant tumour, we still rely on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The main problem is that we have focused on fighting a difficult battle instead of preventing it by controlling its triggers. Quite the opposite, our knowledge of the links between environmental pollution and cancer has surged from the 1980s. Carcinogens in water, air, and soil have continued to accumulate disproportionally and grow in number and dose, bringing us to today's carnage. Here, a synthesis and critical review of the state of the knowledge of the links between cancer and environmental pollution in the three environmental compartments is provided, research gaps are briefly discussed, and some future directions are indicated. New evidence suggests that it is relevant to take into account not only the dose but also the time when we are exposed to carcinogens. The review ends by stressing that more dedication should be put into studying the environmental causes of cancers to prevent and avoid curing them, that the precautionary approach towards environmental pollutants must be much more reactionary, and that there is an urgent need to leave behind the outdated petrochemical-based industry and goods production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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24
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Zacchi P, Belmonte B, Mangogna A, Morello G, Scola L, Martorana A, Borelli V. The Ferroxidase Hephaestin in Lung Cancer: Pathological Significance and Prognostic Value. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638856. [PMID: 34094919 PMCID: PMC8170403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hephaestin (HEPH) belongs to a group of exocytoplasmic ferroxidases which contribute to cellular iron homeostasis by favouring its export. Down-regulation of HEPH expression, possibly by stimulating cell proliferation due to an increase in iron availability, has shown to correlate with poor survival in breast cancer. The lung is particularly sensitive to iron-induced oxidative stress, given the high oxygen tension present, however, HEPH distribution in lung cancer and its influence on prognosis have not been investigated yet. In this study we explored the prognostic value of HEPH and its expression pattern in the most prevalent histotypes of lung cancers, namely lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. In silico analyses, based on UALCAN, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan–Meier plotter bioinformatics, revealed a significant correlation between higher levels of HEPH expression and favorable prognosis, in both cancer histotypes. Moreover, TIMER web platform showed a statistically significant association between HEPH expression and cell elements belonging to the tumor microenvironment identified as endothelial cells and a subpopulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, further confirmed by double immunohistochemical labeling with cell type specific markers. Taken together, these data shed a light on the complex mechanisms of local iron handling lung cancer can exploit to support tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaia Morello
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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25
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Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp2 in lung epithelial cells. Front Med 2021; 15:252-263. [PMID: 33511555 PMCID: PMC7843238 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected observation among the COVID-19 pandemic is that smokers constituted only 1.4%–18.5% of hospitalized adults, calling for an urgent investigation to determine the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we show that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) increase ACE2 mRNA but trigger ACE2 protein catabolism. BaP induces an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent upregulation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp2 for ACE2 ubiquitination. ACE2 in lung tissues of non-smokers is higher than in smokers, consistent with the findings that tobacco carcinogens downregulate ACE2 in mice. Tobacco carcinogens inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirions infection of the cells. Given that tobacco smoke accounts for 8 million deaths including 2.1 million cancer deaths annually and Skp2 is an oncoprotein, tobacco use should not be recommended and cessation plan should be prepared for smokers in COVID-19 pandemic.
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26
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The Dark Side of the Force: When the Immune System Is the Fuel of Tumor Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031224. [PMID: 33513730 PMCID: PMC7865698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well accepted that inflammation is a critical player in cancer, being, in most cases, the main character of the process. Different types of tumor arise from sites of infection or chronic inflammation. This non-resolving inflammation is responsible for tumor development at different levels: it promotes tumor initiation, as well as tumor progression, stimulating both tumor growth and metastasis. Environmental factors, lifestyle and infections are the three main triggers of chronic immune activation that promote or increase the risk of many different cancers. In this review, we focus our attention on tumor onset; in particular, we summarize the knowledge about the cause and the mechanisms behind the inflammation-driven cancer development.
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27
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Yang Q, Ouyang J, Sun F, Yang J. Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Soldier Fighting Against Inflammation and Protecting From Tumorigenesis in People With Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590685. [PMID: 33363537 PMCID: PMC7752775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidences showed that people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have significantly higher risk for different cancers, of which the exact mechanism underlying the association has not been fully realized. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the fermentation products of the intestinal microbiota, are an essential source for energy supply in gut epithelial cells. They have been reported to improve intestinal barrier integrity, prevent microbial translocation, and further dampen inflammation. Gut dysbiosis and reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria as well as SCFAs production in the intestine are commonly seen in metabolic disorders including DM and obesity. Moreover, inflammation can contribute to tumor initiation and progression through multiple pathways, such as enhancing DNA damage, accumulating mutations in tumor suppressor genes Tp53, and activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that lower levels of microbial SCFAs resulted from gut dysbiosis in diabetic individuals, enhance microbial translocation, and increase the inflammatory responses, inducing tumorigenesis ulteriorly. To this end, we will discuss protective properties of microbial SCFAs and explore the pivotal roles SCFAs played in the link of DM with cancer, so as to take early precautions to reduce the risk of cancer in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Ahmed HG, El Hag AB, Binsaleh NK, Elhussein GEMO, Hussain MA, Bealy MABI, Abboh EAA, Sherfi H. The Utility of Nucleolar Organizer Regions Quantitation in Early Prediction of Lung Neoplastic Transformation. Cureus 2020; 12:e11738. [PMID: 33269177 PMCID: PMC7707122 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer burden can be reduced by early detection of early neoplastic changes applying suitable screening methods. This study aimed to assess the utility of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) quantitation in early prediction of lung neoplastic transformation. Methodology: This study investigated 200 apparently healthy individuals categorized into two groups; smoking exposed individuals (N=100), and were categorized as cases, and smoking nonexposed (N=100), and were ascertained as controls. Sputum specimen was attained from each participant (paying all indispensable safety precautions and sample adequacy processes). Results: Out of the 200 volunteers assessed in the present study, mean NORs counts of >2.00 were identified in 16/200(8%) of the study subjects. All 16/16(100%) cases were found with lung epithelial metaplasia (squamous metaplasia). Out of the 100 cases, mean NORs counts of >2.00 were identified in 16/100(16%), hence, all the controls were identified with mean NORs counts of <2.00. The risk of lung cellular proliferative changes associated with smoking exposure are odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI) = 39.2485 (2.3199-664.0052), p = 0.0110, z statistic = 2.543. Conclusion: NORs count is a simple, specific, cost-effective, and reliable method that can give a quantitative measurement for the risk of lung neoplastic transformation. For at risk-population (tobacco users), it is recommended to perform the argyrophilic NORs (AgNORs) method beside sputum cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain G Ahmed
- Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Amel B El Hag
- Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Naif K Binsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Hisham Sherfi
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
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29
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Huang R, Ju Z, Zhou PK. A gut dysbiotic microbiota-based hypothesis of human-to-human transmission of non-communicable diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141030. [PMID: 32726703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have replaced communicable diseases as the leading cause of premature death worldwide over the past century. Increasing numbers of studies have reported a link between NCDs and dysbiotic gut microbiota. Some gut microbiota, such as Helicobacter pylori, have been implicated in person-to-person transmission. Based on these reports, we develop a hypothesis regarding dysbiotic microbiota-associated NCDs, and explore how the presence of communicable NCDs could be confirmedexperimentally. We have also reviewed reports on environmental factors, including a high-fat diet, alcohol, smoking, exercise, radiation and air pollution, which have been associated with dysbiotic microbiota, and determined whether any of these parameters were also associated with NCDs. This review discusses the potential mechanism by which dysbiotic microbiota induced by environmental factors are directly or indirectly involved in person-to-person transmission. The hypothetical interplay between the environment, gut microbiota and host can be tested through high-throughput sequencing, animal models, and cell studies, although each of these modalities presents specific challenges. Confirmation of a causative association of dysbiotic microbiota with NCDs would represent a paradigm shift in efforts to prevent and control these diseases, and should stimulate additional studies on the associations among environmental factors, gut microbiota, and NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, PR China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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30
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Chen Y, Yang JL, Xue ZZ, Cai QC, Hou C, Li HJ, Zhao LX, Zhang Y, Gao CW, Cong L, Wang TZ, Chen DM, Li GS, Luo SQ, Yao Q, Yang CJ, Zhu QS, Cao CH. Effects and mechanism of microRNA‑218 against lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:28. [PMID: 33179084 PMCID: PMC7673340 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent and observed type of cancer in Xuanwei County, Yunnan, South China. Lung cancer in this area is called Xuanwei lung cancer. However, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. To date, a number of studies have shown that microRNA (miR)‑218 functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple types of cancer. However, the role of miR‑218 and its regulatory gene network in Xuanwei lung cancer have yet to be investigated. The current study identified that the expression levels of miR‑218 in XWLC‑05 cells were markedly lower compared with those in immortalized lung epithelial BEAS‑2B cells. The present study also demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑218 could decrease cell proliferation, invasion, viability and migration in Xuanwei lung cancer cell line XWLC‑05 and NSCLC cell line NCI‑H157. Additionally, the results revealed that overexpression of miR‑218 could induce XWLC‑05 and NCI‑H157 cell apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Finally, the present study demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑218 could lead to a significant increase in phosphatase and tensin homolog (<em>PTEN</em>) and YY1 transcription factor (<em>YY1</em>), and a decrease in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (<em>BCL‑2</em>) and BMI1 proto‑oncogene, polycomb ring finger (<em>BMI‑1</em>) at the mRNA and protein level in XWLC‑05 and NCI‑H157 cell lines. However, we did not observe any remarkable difference in the roles of miR‑218 and miR‑218‑mediated regulation of <em>BCL‑2</em>, <em>BMI‑1</em>, <em>PTEN</em> and <em>YY1</em> expression in the progression of Xuanwei lung cancer. In conclusion, miR‑218 could simultaneously suppress cell proliferation and tumor invasiveness and induce cell apoptosis by increasing <em>PTEN</em> and <em>YY1</em> expression, while decreasing <em>BCL‑2</em> and <em>BMI‑1</em> in Xuanwei lung cancer. The results demonstrated that miR‑218 might serve a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression of Xuanwei lung cancer and overexpression of miR‑218 may be a novel approach for the treatment of Xuanwei lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Lin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Chun Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Xin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Gao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Li Cong
- YinMore Biotech Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Zuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qing Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yao
- Yunnan Cancer Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chan-Juan Yang
- YinMore Biotech Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Shun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Hai Cao
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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31
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Systematic identification of CDC34 that functions to stabilize EGFR and promote lung carcinogenesis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102689. [PMID: 32114396 PMCID: PMC7047192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background How the oncoprotein epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) evades proteolytic degradation and accumulates in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear, and ubiquitin pathway genes (UPGs) that are critical to NSCLC needs to be systematically identified. Methods A total of 696 UPGs (including E1, E2, E3, and deubiquitinases) were silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) library in NSCLC cells, the candidates were verified, and their significance was evaluated in patients with NSCLC. The effects of a candidate gene on EGFR were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Findings We report 31 candidates that are required for cell proliferation, with the E2 ubiquitin conjugase CDC34 as the most significant one. CDC34 is elevated in tumor tissues in 76 of 114 (66.7%) NSCLCs and inversely associated with prognosis, is higher in smoker patients than nonsmoker patients, and is induced by tobacco carcinogens in normal human lung epithelial cells. Forced expression of CDC34 promotes, whereas knockdown of CDC34 inhibits, NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CDC34 competes with c-Cbl to bind Y1045 to inhibit polyubiquitination and degradation of EGFR. In EGFR-L858R and EGFR-T790M/Del (exon 19)-driven lung tumor growth in mouse models, knockdown of CDC34 significantly inhibits tumor formation. Interpretation These results demonstrate that an E2 enzyme is capable of competing with E3 ligase to stabilize substrates, and CDC34 represents an attractive therapeutic target for NSCLCs. Funding National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.
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