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Brabant O, Karpievitch YV, Gwatimba A, Ditcham W, Ho HY, Raisis A, Mosing M. Thoracic electrical impedance tomography identifies heterogeneity in lungs associated with respiratory disease in cattle. A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1275013. [PMID: 38239750 PMCID: PMC10795053 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1275013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disease in cattle is a significant global concern, yet current diagnostic methods are limited, and there is a lack of crush-side tests for detecting active disease. To address this gap, we propose utilizing electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive imaging technique that provides real-time visualization of lung ventilation dynamics. The study included adult cattle from farms in Western Australia. The cattle were restrained in a crush. A standardized respiratory scoring system, which combined visual, auscultation, and clinical scores, was conducted by two non-conferring clinicians for each animal. The scores were blinded and averaged. During assessment, an EIT electrode belt was placed around the thorax. EIT recordings of ten suitable breaths were taken for analysis before the cattle were released back to the herd. Based on the combined examination scoring, the cattle were categorized as having healthy or diseased lungs. To allow visual interpretation of each breath and enable the creation of the quartile ventilation ratio (VQR), Flow/Tidal Impedance Variation curves (F/TIV) were generated for each breath. The analysis focused on two EIT variables: The novel VQR over time during inhalation and exhalation and global expiratory impedance (TIVEXP) adjusted by breath length. A mixed effects model was used to compare these variables between healthy and diseased cattle. Ten adult cattle of mixed ages were used in the current analysis. Five cattle were scored as healthy and five as diseased. There was a significant difference in the examination scores between the healthy and diseased group (P = 0.03). A significant difference in VQR during inhalation (P = 0.03) was observed between the healthy and diseased groups. No difference was seen in VQR over time during exhalation (P = 0.3). The TIVEXP was not different between groups (P = 0.36). In this study, EIT was able to detect differences in inhalation mechanics when comparing healthy and diseased cattle as defined via clinical examination, highlighting the clinical utility of EIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Brabant
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuliya V. Karpievitch
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alphons Gwatimba
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Ditcham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ho Yin Ho
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthea Raisis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang Y, Ping X, Chen X, Wang D. Flexible Electrodes as a Measuring System of Electrical Impedance Imaging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1901. [PMID: 36903016 PMCID: PMC10004451 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a detection imaging technology developed 30 years ago. When the conventional EIT measurement system is used, the electrode and the excitation measurement terminal are connected with a long wire, which is easily affected by external interference, and the measurement result is unstable. In this paper, we developed a flexible electrode device based on flexible electronics technology, which can be softly attached to the skin surface for real-time physiological monitoring. The flexible equipment includes an excitation measuring circuit and electrode, which eliminates the adverse effects of connecting long wires and improves the effectiveness of measuring signals. At the same time, the design also uses flexible electronic technology to make the system structure achieve ultra-low modulus and high tensile strength so that the electronic equipment has soft mechanical properties. Experiments have shown that when the flexible electrode is deformed, its function is completely unaffected, the measurement results remain stable, and the static and fatigue performances are satisfactory. The flexible electrode has high system accuracy and good anti-interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-Line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xuecheng Ping
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-Line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
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Driving pressure-guided ventilation improves homogeneity in lung gas distribution for gynecological laparoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21687. [PMID: 36522433 PMCID: PMC9755264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether driving pressure-guided ventilation could contribute to a more homogeneous distribution in the lung for gynecological laparoscopy. Chinese patients were randomized, after pneumoperitoneum, to receive either positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O (control group), or individualized PEEP producing the lowest driving pressure (titration group). Ventilation homogeneity is quantified as the global inhomogeneity (GI) index based on electrical impedance tomography, with a lower index implying more homogeneous ventilation. The perioperative arterial oxygenation index and respiratory system mechanics were also recorded. Blood samples were collected for lung injury biomarkers including interleukin-10, neutrophil elastase, and Clara Cell protein-16. A total of 48 patients were included for analysis. We observed a significant increase in the GI index immediately after tracheal extubation compared to preinduction in the control group (p = 0.040) but not in the titration group (p = 0.279). Furthermore, the GI index was obviously lower in the titration group than in the control group [0.390 (0.066) vs 0.460 (0.074), p = 0.0012]. The oxygenation index and respiratory compliance were significantly higher in the titration group than in the control group. No significant differences in biomarkers or hemodynamics were detected between the two groups. Driving pressure-guided PEEP led to more homogeneous ventilation, as well as improved gas exchange and respiratory compliance for patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04374162; first registration on 05/05/2020.
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Hu CL, Lin ZY, Hu SY, Cheng IC, Huang CH, Li YH, Li CJ, Lin CW. Compensation for Electrode Detachment in Electrical Impedance Tomography with Wearable Textile Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9575. [PMID: 36559943 PMCID: PMC9782024 DOI: 10.3390/s22249575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a radiation-free and noninvasive medical image reconstruction technique in which a current is injected and the reflected voltage is received through electrodes. EIT electrodes require good connection with the skin for data acquisition and image reconstruction. However, detached electrodes are a common occurrence and cause measurement errors in EIT clinical applications. To address these issues, in this study, we proposed a method for detecting faulty electrodes using the differential voltage value of the detached electrode in an EIT system. Additionally, we proposed the voltage-replace and voltage-shift methods to compensate for invalid data from the faulty electrodes. In this study, we present the simulation, experimental, and in vivo chest results of our proposed methods to verify and evaluate the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lin Hu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yan Lin
- Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yun Hu
- College of Law, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Cheng
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Li
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Wann Lin
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
- Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) in a Patient Suffering from Post-COVID Syndrome with Dyspnea: A Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102284. [DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term health consequences following COVID-19 disease constitute an increasing problem worldwide. A considerable number of patients still suffer from various symptoms, most commonly dyspnea, months or even years after the acute infection. In these patients, a classical pulmonary function test often yields no significant findings. Subsequently, treating those patients is a challenge for any physician as there are currently no evidence-based treatment plans. Case and methods: We reported the case of a 58-year-old patient who was still suffering from resting dyspnea six months after severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The dyspnea was so pronounced that the patient was supplied with home oxygen, which they used as needed. The regional distribution of ventilation in the lungs was studied twice utilizing noninvasive electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The first examination showed distinct inhomogeneities of regional ventilation, a regional ventilation delay (RVD) of 15%, and pronounced pendelluft phenomena. Seven weeks after treatment with budesonide and physical therapy, the patient reported a clear subjective improvement in complaints. Accordingly, the regional distribution of ventilation also improved. Conclusion: Electrical impedance tomography might be a promising method to assess lung function in post-COVID patients; however, controlled and larger studies are necessary.
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Nan K, Feig VR, Ying B, Howarth JG, Kang Z, Yang Y, Traverso G. Mucosa-interfacing electronics. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:908-925. [PMID: 36124042 PMCID: PMC9472746 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface mucosa that lines many of our organs houses myriad biometric signals and, therefore, has great potential as a sensor-tissue interface for high-fidelity and long-term biosensing. However, progress is still nascent for mucosa-interfacing electronics owing to challenges with establishing robust sensor-tissue interfaces; device localization, retention and removal; and power and data transfer. This is in sharp contrast to the rapidly advancing field of skin-interfacing electronics, which are replacing traditional hospital visits with minimally invasive, real-time, continuous and untethered biosensing. This Review aims to bridge the gap between skin-interfacing electronics and mucosa-interfacing electronics systems through a comparison of the properties and functions of the skin and internal mucosal surfaces. The major physiological signals accessible through mucosa-lined organs are surveyed and design considerations for the next generation of mucosa-interfacing electronics are outlined based on state-of-the-art developments in bio-integrated electronics. With this Review, we aim to inspire hardware solutions that can serve as a foundation for developing personalized biosensing from the mucosa, a relatively uncharted field with great scientific and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vivian R. Feig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Julia G. Howarth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ziliang Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Nieman G, Kollisch-Singule M, Ramcharran H, Satalin J, Blair S, Gatto LA, Andrews P, Ghosh A, Kaczka DW, Gaver D, Bates J, Habashi NM. Unshrinking the baby lung to calm the VILI vortex. Crit Care 2022; 26:242. [PMID: 35934707 PMCID: PMC9357329 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of ARDS is progressive shrinking of the ‘baby lung,’ now referred to as the ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) ‘vortex.’ Reducing the risk of the VILI vortex is the goal of current ventilation strategies; unfortunately, this goal has not been achieved nor has mortality been reduced. However, the temporal aspects of a mechanical breath have not been considered. A brief expiration prevents alveolar collapse, and an extended inspiration can recruit the atelectatic lung over hours. Time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) is a novel ventilator approach to achieve these goals, since it considers many of the temporal aspects of dynamic lung mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Nieman
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Michaela Kollisch-Singule
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Harry Ramcharran
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Joshua Satalin
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Sarah Blair
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Louis A Gatto
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Penny Andrews
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Auyon Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, SUNY Upstate, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - David W Kaczka
- Departments of Anesthesia, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Donald Gaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jason Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nader M Habashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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SCARAMUZZO G, OTTAVIANI I, VOLTA CA, SPADARO S. Mechanical ventilation and COPD: from pathophysiology to ventilatory management. Minerva Med 2022; 113:460-470. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abid KH, Mendil J, Al-Dahhan MH. Studying dispersed phase holdup in a pilot plant agitated liquid–liquid mixer by developing online expanded laser beam based technique. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bayford R, Sadleir R, Frerichs I. Advances in electrical impedance tomography and bioimpedance including applications in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac4e6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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