The protective effects of the miR-129-5p/keap-1/Nrf2 axis on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy

Streptococcus gordonii Supragingival Bacterium Oral Infection-Induced Periodontitis and Robust miRNA Expression Kinetics

Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii, Sg) is one of the early colonizing, supragingival commensal bacterium normally associated with oral health in human dental plaque. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the inflammation-mediated pathways and are involved in periodontal disease (PD) pathogenesis. PD is a polymicrobial dysbiotic immune-inflammatory disease initiated by microbes in the gingival sulcus/pockets. The objective of this study is to determine the global miRNA expression kinetics in S. gordonii DL1-infected C57BL/6J mice. All mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 mice/group; 5 males and 5 females). Bacterial infection was performed in mice at 8 weeks and 16 weeks, mice were euthanized, and tissues harvested for analysis. We analyzed differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in the mandibles of S. gordonii-infected mice. Gingival colonization/infection by S. gordonii and alveolar bone resorption (ABR) was confirmed. All the S. gordonii-infected mice at two specific time points showed bacterial colonization (100%) in the gingival surface, and a significant increase in mandible and maxilla ABR (p < 0.0001). miRNA profiling revealed 191 upregulated miRNAs (miR-375, miR-34b-5p) and 22 downregulated miRNAs (miR-133, miR-1224) in the mandibles of S. gordonii-infected mice at the 8-week mark. Conversely, at 16 weeks post-infection, 10 miRNAs (miR-1902, miR-203) were upregulated and 32 miRNAs (miR-1937c, miR-720) were downregulated. Two miRNAs, miR-210 and miR-423-5p, were commonly upregulated, and miR-2135 and miR-145 were commonly downregulated in both 8- and 16-week-infected mice mandibles. Furthermore, we employed five machine learning (ML) algorithms to assess how the number of miRNA copies correlates with S. gordonii infections in mice. In the ML analyses, miR-22 and miR-30c (8-week), miR-720 and miR-339-5p (16-week), and miR-720, miR-22, and miR-339-5p (combined 8- and 16-week) emerged as the most influential miRNAs.

Cardiovascular Disease and miRNAs: Possible Oxidative Stress-Regulating Roles of miRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been highlighted as key players in numerous diseases, and accumulating evidence indicates that pathological expressions of miRNAs contribute to both the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well. Another important factor affecting the development and progression of CVD is reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the oxidative stress they may impose on the cells. Considering miRNAs are involved in virtually every biological process, it is not unreasonable to assume that miRNAs also play critical roles in the regulation of oxidative stress. This narrative review aims to provide mechanistic insights on possible oxidative stress-regulating roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases based on differentially expressed miRNAs reported in various cardiovascular diseases and their empirically validated targets that have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress.

Myocardial fibrosis and calcification are attenuated by microRNA-129-5p targeting Asporin and Sox9 in cardiac fibroblasts

Myocardial fibrosis and calcification associate with adverse outcomes in nonischemic heart failure. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) transition into myofibroblasts (MF) and osteogenic fibroblasts (OF) to promote myocardial fibrosis and calcification. However, common upstream mechanisms regulating both CF-to-MF transition and CF-to-OF transition remain unknown. microRNAs are promising targets to modulate CF plasticity. Our bioinformatics revealed downregulation of miR-129-5p and upregulation of its targets small leucine-rich proteoglycan Asporin (ASPN) and transcription factor SOX9 as common in mouse and human heart failure (HF). We experimentally confirmed decreased miR-129-5p and enhanced SOX9 and ASPN expression in CF in human hearts with myocardial fibrosis and calcification. miR-129-5p repressed both CF-to-MF and CF-to-OF transition in primary CF, as did knockdown of SOX9 and ASPN. Sox9 and Aspn are direct targets of miR-129-5p that inhibit downstream β-catenin expression. Chronic Angiotensin II infusion downregulated miR-129-5p in CF in WT and TCF21-lineage CF reporter mice, and it was restored by miR-129-5p mimic. Importantly, miR-129-5p mimic not only attenuated progression of myocardial fibrosis, calcification marker expression, and SOX9 and ASPN expression in CF but also restored diastolic and systolic function. Together, we demonstrate miR-129-5p/ASPN and miR-129-5p/SOX9 as potentially novel dysregulated axes in CF-to-MF and CF-to-OF transition in myocardial fibrosis and calcification and the therapeutic relevance of miR-129-5p.

Long non-coding RNA ZFY-AS1 represses periodontitis tissue inflammation and oxidative damage via modulating microRNA-129-5p/DEAD-Box helicase 3 X-linked axis

A large number of studies have manifested long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the modulation of the development of periodontitis, but the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the biological function and latent molecular mechanism of lncZFY-AS1 in periodontitis. The results clarified lncZFY-AS1 and DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked (DDX3X) were up-regulated, but microRNA (miR)-129-5p was down-regulated in periodontitis. Knockdown of lncZFY-AS2 or overexpression of miR-129-5p decreased macrophage infiltration and periodontal membrane cell apoptosis, increased cell viability, repressed inflammatory factors and nuclear factor kappa B activation, reduced oxidative stress, but promoted nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 expression. LncZFY-AS1 elevation further aggravated periodontitis inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. LncZFY competitively adsorbed miR-129-5p to mediate DDX3X expression. Knockdown lncZFY’s improvement effect on periodontitis was reversed by depressive miR-129-5p or enhancive DDX3X. In conclusion, these data suggest lncZFY-AS1 promotes inflammatory injury and oxidative stress in periodontitis by competitively binding to miR-129-5p and mediating DDX3X expression. LncZFY-AS1/miR-129-5p/DDX3X may serve as a novel molecular target for treatment of periodontitis in the future.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Loaded microRNA-129-5p Inhibits TRAF3 Expression to Alleviate Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) represents a main global healthy and economic burden with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates. In the current study, we evaluated the potential effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced damages to HL-1 cells and HF mice and searched for the possible mechanism. MSC-Exos ameliorated oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis in OGD-treated HL-1 cells. By microarray analysis, we found that MSC-Exos treatment significantly increased the microRNA (miR)-129-5p expression in HL-1 cells. miR-129-5p inhibitor attenuated the protective effect of MSC-Exos on OGD-treated HL-1 cells. miR-129-5p targeted tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and TRAF3 loss reversed the effect of miR-129-5p inhibitor by blunting the NF-κB signaling. MSC-Exos injection alleviated ventricular dysfunction and suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes in mice with HF by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway through miR-129-5p/TRAF3. Our findings suggest that exosomal miR-129-5p from MSCs protects the heart from failure by targeting TRAF3 and the following NF-κB signaling. This regulatory axis may be a possible therapeutic target for HF.

miR-129-5p restores cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure by targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 and promoting PTEN expression

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a prevalent health concern with complex pathogenesis. This current study set out to estimate the function of the miR-129-5p/Smurf1/PTEN axis on cardiac function injury in CHF. The model of CHF in rats was established. The cardiac function indexes, myocardial tissue damage, and oxidative stress-related factors in CHF rats were evaluated after the interference of Smurf1/miR-129-5p/PTEN. The targeting relationships between miR-129-5p and Smurf1 and between PTEN and Smurf1 were verified. It was found that that after modeling, cardiac functions were impaired, heart/left ventricular/lung weight and the myocardial structure was destroyed, and the degree of fibrosis of myocardial tissue was increased. After Smurf1 knockdown, the cardiac function, myocardial structure, and oxidative stress were improved, and the fibrosis in myocardial tissue was decreased. Smurf1 was a target of miR-129-5p. miR-129-5p could annul the protective effect of Smurf1 silencing on CHF rats. Smurf1 inhibited PTEN expression by promoting PTEN ubiquitination, while miR-129-5p enhanced PTEN expression by inhibiting Smurf1. Meanwhile, overexpression of PTEN annulled the cardiac dysfunction in CHF rats induced by Smurf1. In conclusion, miR-129-5p targeted Smurf1 and repressed the ubiquitination of PTEN, and promoted PTEN expression, thus improving the cardiac function of CHF rats.

Neuroprotective Effect of HOTAIR Silencing on Isoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Sponging microRNA-129-5p and Inhibiting Neuroinflammation

INTRODUCTION

This article purposed to detect the function of the HOTAIR and HOTAIR/microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) axis on the isoflurane (ISO)-injured cells and rat, and propounded a novel perspective in exploring the molecular pathogenesis of ISO damage.

METHODS

The expression of HOTAIR and miR-129-5p was tested by quantitative real-time PCR. The viable cells were identified using MMT, and the apoptotic cells were provided by flow cytometry. The concentration of proinflammatory indicators was revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The function of HOTAIR on oxidative stress was detected by commercial kits. A luciferase assay was performed to confirm the relationship between miR-129-5p and HOTAIR. The Morris water maze test was conducted to elucidate the cognition of SD rats.

RESULTS

The expression of HOTAIR was enhanced and the expression of miR-129-5p was lessened in the ISO-evoked SD rats and HT22 cells. The interference of HOTAIR reversed the injury of ISO on cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Besides, HOTAIR might be a target ceRNA of miR-129-5p. MiR-129-5p abrogated the function of silenced HOTAIR on cell viability, cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, in vivo, the intervention of HOTAIR reversed the influence of ISO on cognition and oxidative stress by binding miR-129-5p.

DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION

Lowly expressed HOTAIR contributed to the recovery of the ISO-injured HT22 cell model from the abnormal viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by regulating miR-129-5p. miR-129-5p mediated the function of HOTAIR on cognition and oxidative balance in the ISO-managed SD rat model.