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Lei W, Li X, Li S, Zhou F, Guo Y, Zhang M, Jin X, Zhang H. Targeting neutrophils extracellular traps, a promising anti-thrombotic therapy for natural products from traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117310. [PMID: 39226727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombi are the main cause of vascular occlusion and contribute significantly to cardiovascular events and death. Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs)-induced thrombosis plays a vital role in thrombotic complications and it takes the main responsibility for the resistance of fibrinolysis. However, the conventional anti-thrombotic therapies are inadequate to treat NETs-induced thrombotic complications but carry a high risk of bleeding. Consequently, increased attention has shifted towards exploring novel anti-thrombotic treatments targeting NETs. Interestingly, accumulating evidences prove that natural products from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a great potential to mitigate thrombosis through inhibiting generous NETs formation and degrading excessive NETs. In this review, we elaborated the formation and degradation of NETs and highlighted its pivotal role in immunothrombosis through interactions with platelets and coagulation factors. Since available anti-thrombotic drugs targeting NETs are deficient, we further summarized the natural products and compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines which exert effective actions on regulating NETs formation and also have anti-thrombotic effects. Our findings underscore the diverse effects of natural products in targeting NETs, including relieving inflammation and oxidative stress of neutrophils, inhibiting neutrophils activation and DNA efflux, suppressing granule proteins release, reducing histones and promoting DNA degradation. This review aims to highlight the significance of natural medicines in anti-thrombotic therapies through targeting NETs and to lay a groundwork for developing novel anti-thrombotic agents from traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fengjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yadi Guo
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinyao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Liu Y, Qu Y, Liu C, Zhang D, Xu B, Wan Y, Jiang P. Neutrophil extracellular traps: Potential targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine and natural products. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39105461 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Abnormal formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) at the synovial membrane leads to the release of many inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Elastase, histone H3, and myeloperoxidase, which are carried by NETs, damage the soft tissues of the joints and aggravate the progression of RA. The balance of NET formation coordinates the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects and plays a key role in the development of RA. Therefore, when NETs are used as effector targets, highly targeted drugs with fewer side effects can be developed to treat RA without damaging the host immune system. Currently, an increasing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicines and natural products can regulate the formation of NETs through multiple pathways to counteract RA, which shows great potential for the treatment of RA and has a promising future for clinical application. In this article, we review the latest biological progress in understanding NET formation, the mechanism of NETs in RA, and the potential targets or pathways related to the modulation of NET formation by Chinese medicines and natural products. This review provides a relevant basis for the use of Chinese medicines and natural products as natural adjuvants in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The first Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- The first Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The first Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Bao S, Yi M, Xiang B, Chen P. Antitumor mechanisms and future clinical applications of the natural product triptolide. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:150. [PMID: 38678240 PMCID: PMC11055311 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL) is a compound sourced from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb recognized for its impressive anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, immunosuppressive, and antitumor qualities. Notwithstanding its favorable attributes, the precise mechanism through which TPL influences tumor cells remains enigmatic. Its toxicity and limited water solubility significantly impede the clinical application of TPL. We offer a comprehensive overview of recent research endeavors aimed at unraveling the antitumor mechanism of TPL in this review. Additionally, we briefly discuss current strategies to effectively manage the challenges associated with TPL in future clinical applications. By compiling this information, we aim to enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in TPL and identify potential avenues for further advancement in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Li X, Xiao S, Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Shang H, Zhang J, Zheng Q. Role and Therapeutic Targeting Strategies of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Inflammation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5265-5287. [PMID: 37746050 PMCID: PMC10516212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are large DNA reticular structures secreted by neutrophils and decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins. As a key mechanism for neutrophils to resist microbial invasion, NETs play an important role in the killing of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). Although NETs are mostly known for mediating microbial killing, increasing evidence suggests that excessive NETs induced by stimulation of physical and chemical components, microorganisms, and pathological factors can exacerbate inflammation and organ damage. This review summarizes the induction and role of NETs in inflammation and focuses on the strategies of inhibiting NETosis and the mechanisms involved in pathogen evasion of NETs. Furthermore, herbal medicine inhibitors and nanodelivery strategies improve the efficiency of inhibition of excessive levels of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanghua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hongming Shang
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Han C, Pei H, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Li W, Guo L, Kong Y, Yang Y. Toxicological mechanism of triptolide-induced liver injury: Caspase3-GSDME-mediated pyroptosis of Kupffer cell. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114963. [PMID: 37130490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Triptolide (TRI) is an active diterpenoid lactone compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii,We focused on investigating the effect and mechanism of Triptolide (TRI) on liver injury. METHODS The toxic dose (LD50 = 100 μM) of TRI on liver Kupffer cells was explored, and network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify Caspase-3 as the target of TRI-induced liver injury. Regarding the pyroptosis research, we examined the level of TRI-induced pyroptosis in Kupffer cells, including inflammatory cytokine detection, protein assay, microscopic cell observation and LDH toxicity test. The effect of TRI on pyroptosis was assessed after knocking out GSDMD, GSDME and Caspase-3 in cells, respectively. We also investigated the liver injury-inducing action of TRI at the animal level. RESULTS Our experimental results were consistent with those predicted by network pharmacology, indicating that TRI could bind to Caspase-3-VAL27 site to promote the cleavage of Caspase-3, and Cleaved-Caspase-3 induced pyroptosis of Kupffer cells through GSDME cleavage. GSDMD was not involved in TRI's action. TRI could promote Kupffer cell pyroptosis, elevate the inflammatory cytokine levels, and facilitate the expressions of N-GSDME and Cleaved-Capase 3. After the mutation of VAL27, TRI could not bind to Caspase-3. Animal-level results showed that TRI could induce liver injury in mice, while Caspase-3 knockout or Caspase-3 inhibitors could antagonize the action of TRI. CONCLUSION We find that the TRI-induced liver injury occurs primarily through the Caspase-3-GSDME pyroptosis signal. TRI can promote Caspase - 3 maturation and regulate kupffer cell pyroptosis. The present findings offer a new idea for the safe use of TRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Han
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China
| | - Yun Kong
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of pharmacy,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
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Song J, He GN, Dai L. A comprehensive review on celastrol, triptolide and triptonide: Insights on their pharmacological activity, toxicity, combination therapy, new dosage form and novel drug delivery routes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114705. [PMID: 37062220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, triptolide and triptonide are the most significant active ingredients of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). In 2007, the 'Cell' journal ranked celastrol, triptolide, artemisinin, capsaicin and curcumin as the five natural drugs that can be developed into modern medicinal compounds. In this review, we collected relevant data from the Web of Science, PubMed and China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases. Some information was also acquired from government reports and conference papers. Celastrol, triptolide and triptonide have potent pharmacological activity and evident anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. Because these compounds have demonstrated unique therapeutic potential for acute and chronic inflammation, brain injury, vascular diseases, immune diseases, renal system diseases, bone diseases and cardiac diseases, they can be used as effective drugs in clinical practice in the future. However, celastrol, triptolide and triptonide have certain toxic effects on the liver, kidney, cholangiocyte heart, ear and reproductive system. These shortcomings limit their clinical application. Suitable combination therapy, new dosage forms and new routes of administration can effectively reduce toxicity and increase the effect. In recent years, the development of different targeted drug delivery formulations and administration routes of celastrol and triptolide to overcome their toxic effects and maximise their efficacy has become a major focus of research. However, in-depth investigation is required to elucidate the mechanisms of action of celastrol, triptolide and triptonide, and more clinical trials are required to assess the safety and clinical value of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; Shandong Yuze Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Dezhou, China
| | - Guan-Nan He
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
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Liu G, Ren X, Li Y, Li H. Midkine promotes kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease by increasing neutrophil extracellular traps formation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:693. [PMID: 35845498 PMCID: PMC9279803 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background We sought to investigate the role of midkine (MK) on neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Methods The expression of MK and NETosis in the renal tissue of DKD patients was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Neutrophils extracted from mouse bone marrow by gradient centrifugation were treated with MK for this in-vitro study. A mouse diabetes model was induced by a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) for MK inhibition was administered via tail vein injection. Results We found that the expression of MK was increased in the kidney tissue of DKD patients. Additionally, a greater number of neutrophils were primed toward NETosis in the kidney tissue of DKD patients, which was manifested by the increased expression of NETosis biomarkers citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In vitro, MK treatment concentration-dependently increased neutrophil proliferation (cell counting kit-8). Further, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that MK (100 ng/mL) significantly promoted NETosis and the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 secretion in high-glucose treated neutrophils. In the mouse diabetes model, MK promoted the pathological damage and fibrosis of kidney tissue, as demonstrated by the reversion of the pathological damage and fibrosis by the MK antisense ODN [diabetes mellitus (DM) + MK – ODN] treatment. Additionally, the inhibition of MK reduced the formation of NETs. Conclusions MK promotes DKD progression by increasing NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yousong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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