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Zhang X, Jiang W, Richter JM, Bates JA, Reznik SK, Stachura S, Rampulla R, Doddalingappa D, Ulaganathan S, Hua J, Bostwick JS, Sum C, Posy S, Malmstrom S, Dickey J, Harden D, Lawrence RM, Guarino VR, Schumacher WA, Wong P, Yang J, Gordon DA, Wexler RR, Priestley ES. Discovery of Potent and Selective Quinoxaline-Based Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4) Antagonists for the Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3571-3589. [PMID: 38385264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PAR4 is a promising antithrombotic target with potential for separation of efficacy from bleeding risk relative to current antiplatelet therapies. In an effort to discover a novel PAR4 antagonist chemotype, a quinoxaline-based HTS hit 3 with low μM potency was identified. Optimization of the HTS hit through the use of positional SAR scanning and the design of conformationally constrained cores led to the discovery of a quinoxaline-benzothiazole series as potent and selective PAR4 antagonists. The lead compound 48, possessing a 2 nM IC50 against PAR4 activation by γ-thrombin in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and greater than 2500-fold selectivity versus PAR1, demonstrated robust antithrombotic efficacy and minimal bleeding in the cynomolgus monkey models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Wen Jiang
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jeremy M Richter
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - J Alex Bates
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Samuel K Reznik
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Sylwia Stachura
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Richard Rampulla
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Dyamanna Doddalingappa
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Sankar Ulaganathan
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra-Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Ji Hua
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Bostwick
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Chi Sum
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Shana Posy
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Sarah Malmstrom
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Joyce Dickey
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - David Harden
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - R Michael Lawrence
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Victor R Guarino
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - William A Schumacher
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Pancras Wong
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - David A Gordon
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - E Scott Priestley
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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Lin YT, Li Y, Hsu HC, Tsai JY, Lee JH, Tai CJ, Wu MJ, Wu CC. Discovery of 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone as a protease-activated receptor 4 antagonist with antithrombotic activity and less bleeding tendency in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115152. [PMID: 35752281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the importance of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4), one of thrombin receptors, as a therapeutic target in thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we utilized ligand-based virtual screening, bioassay, and structure-activity relationship study to discover PAR4 antagonists with new chemical scaffolds from natural origin, and examined their application as antiplatelet agents. By using these approaches, we have identified a flavonoid, 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone, that exhibits anti-PAR4 activity. 7, 4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone inhibited PAR4-mediated human platelet aggregation, GPIIb/IIIa activation, and P-selectin secretion. Also, it inhibited PAR4 downstream signaling pathways, including Ca2+/protein kinase C, Akt, and MAP kinases ERK and p38, in human platelets, and suppressed PAR4-mediated β-arrestin recruitment in CHO-K1 cells exogenously expressed human PAR4. In a microfluidic system, 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone reduced thrombus formation on collagen-coated chambers at an arterial shear rate in recalcified whole blood. Furthermore, mice treated with 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone were significantly protected from FeCl3-induced carotid arterial occlusions, without significantly affecting tail bleeding time. In conclusion, 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone represents a new class of nature-based PAR4 antagonist, it shows effective in vivo antithrombotic properties with less bleeding tendency, and could be a potential candidate for developing new antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hau Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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3
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Liu S, Li S, Yuan D, Wang E, Xie R, Zhang W, Kong Y, Zhu X. Protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) antagonists: Research progress on small molecules in the field of antiplatelet agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112893. [PMID: 33049608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is a key target in antiplatelet medication to reduce the risk of heart attack and thrombotic complications in stroke. PAR4 antagonists can prevent harmful and stable thrombus growth while retaining initial thrombus formation by acting on the late diffusion stage of platelet activation, which may provide a safer alternative than other antiplatelet agents. Currently, research on PAR4 antagonists is of increasing interest in the field of antiplatelet agents. This article provides an overview of the discovery and development of small-molecule antagonists of PAR4 as novel antiplatelet agents, including structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, progress of structure and bioassay optimization, and the latest structural and/or clinical information of representative small-molecule antagonists of PAR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangde Liu
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Duo Yuan
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Enmao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Roujie Xie
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yi Kong
- School of Life & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal & Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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4
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Ningtyas D, Thomson RJ, Tarlac V, Nagaraj SH, Hoy W, Mathews JD, Foote SJ, Gardiner EE, Hamilton JR, McMorran BJ. Analysis of the F2LR3 (PAR4) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ( rs773902) in an Indigenous Australian Population. Front Genet 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32425989 PMCID: PMC7204273 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The F2RL3 gene encoding protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) contains a single nucleotide variant, rs773902, that is functional. The resulting PAR4 variants, Thr120, and Ala120, are known to differently affect platelet reactivity to thrombin. Significant population differences in the frequency of the allele indicate it may be an important determinant in the ethnic differences that exist in thrombosis and hemostasis, and for patient outcomes to PAR antagonist anti-platelet therapies. Here we determined the frequency of rs773902 in an Indigenous Australian group comprising 467 individuals from the Tiwi Islands. These people experience high rates of renal disease that may be related to platelet and PAR4 function and are potential recipients of PAR-antagonist treatments. The rs773902 minor allele frequency (Thr120) in the Tiwi Islanders was 0.32, which is similar to European and Asian groups and substantially lower than Melanesians and some African groups. Logistic regression and allele distortion testing revealed no significant associations between the variant and several markers of renal function, as well as blood glucose and blood pressure. These findings suggest that rs773902 is not an important determinant for renal disease in this Indigenous Australian group. However, the relationships between rs773902 genotype and platelet and drug responsiveness in the Tiwi, and the allele frequency in other Indigenous Australian groups should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ningtyas
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Russell J Thomson
- Centre for Research in Mathematics and Data Science, School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | - Volga Tarlac
- Australian Center for Blood Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wendy Hoy
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John D Mathews
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Simon J Foote
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- Australian Center for Blood Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMorran
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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5
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Li S, Tarlac V, Hamilton JR. Using PAR4 Inhibition as an Anti-Thrombotic Approach: Why, How, and When? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225629. [PMID: 31717963 PMCID: PMC6888008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of four GPCRs with a variety of cellular functions, yet the only advanced clinical endeavours to target these receptors for therapeutic gain to date relates to the impairment of platelet function for anti-thrombotic therapy. The only approved PAR antagonist is the PAR1 inhibitor, vorapaxar—the sole anti-platelet drug against a new target approved in the past 20 years. However, there are two PARs on human platelets, PAR1 and PAR4, and more recent efforts have focused on the development of the first PAR4 antagonists, with first-in-class agents recently beginning clinical trial. Here, we review the rationale for this approach, outline the various modes of PAR4 inhibition, and speculate on the specific therapeutic potential of targeting PAR4 for the prevention of thrombotic conditions.
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Wong PC, Yang J. On the article " Drugs targeting protease-activated receptor-4 improve the anti-thrombotic therapeutic window". ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:71. [PMID: 29611552 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, NJ, USA
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