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Saha MR, Dey P. Pharmacological benefits of Acacia against metabolic diseases: intestinal-level bioactivities and favorable modulation of gut microbiota. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:70-86. [PMID: 34411504 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1966475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity-associated chronic metabolic disease is a leading contributor to mortality globally. Plants belonging to the genera Acacia are routinely used for the treatment of diverse metabolic diseases under different ethnomedicinal practices around the globe. OBJECTIVE The current review centres around the pharmacological evidence of intestinal-level mechanisms for metabolic health benefits by Acacia spp. RESULTS Acacia spp. increase the proportions of gut commensals (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and reduces the population of opportunistic pathobionts (Escherichia coli and Clostridium). Acacia gum that is rich in fibre, can also be a source of prebiotics to improve gut health. The intestinal-level anti-inflammatory activities of Acacia are likely to contribute to improvements in gut barrier function that would prevent gut-to-systemic endotoxin translocation and limit "low-grade" inflammation associated with metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review for the first time has emphasised the intestinal-level benefits of Acacia spp. which could be instrumental in limiting the burden of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Saha
- Department of Life Science, Vidyasagar Primary Teachers Training Institute (B.Ed.), Malda, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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Kalra A, Jose AP, Prabhakaran P, Kumar A, Agrawal A, Roy A, Bhargava B, Tandon N, Prabhakaran D. The burgeoning cardiovascular disease epidemic in Indians - perspectives on contextual factors and potential solutions. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 12:100156. [PMID: 37384064 PMCID: PMC10305862 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability in India. The CVD epidemic in Indians is characterized by a higher relative risk burden, an earlier age of onset, higher case fatality and higher premature deaths. For decades, researchers have been trying to understand the reason for this increased burden and propensity of CVD among Indians. It can partly be explained by population-level changes and the remaining by increased inherent biological risk. While increased biological risk can be attributed to phenotypic changes caused by early life influences, six major transitions can be considered largely responsible for the population-level changes in India-epidemiological, demographic, nutritional, environmental, social-cultural and economic. Although conventional risk factors explain substantial population attributable risk, the thresholds at which these risk factors operate are different among Indians compared with other populations. Therefore, alternate explanations for these ecological differences have been sought and multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the years. Prenatal factors that include maternal and paternal influences on the offspring, and postnatal factors, ranging from birth through childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, as well as inter-generational influences have been explored using the life course approach to chronic disease. In addition to this, recent research has illustrated the importance of the role of inherent biological differences in lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, inflammatory states, genetic predispositions and epigenetic influences for the increased risk. A multifaceted and holistic approach to CVD prevention that takes into consideration population-level as well as biological risk factors would be needed to control the burgeoning CVD epidemic among Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kalra
- Cardiovascular Institute, Kalra Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Pulikkottil Jose
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Poornima Prabhakaran
- Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Ohio, USA
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Hu P, Lee J, Beaumaster S, Kim JK, Dey S, Weir D, Crimmins EM. Cognitive Function and Cardiometabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors Among Older Indians and Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 68 Suppl 3:S36-S44. [PMID: 32815598 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how cardiometabolic-inflammatory risk factors are related to cognition among older adults in India and the United States. DESIGN The Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS-HCAP) in the United States conducted an in-depth assessment of cognition, using protocols designed for international comparison. SETTING Cognitive tests were conducted in hospital or household settings in India and in household settings in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Respondents aged 60 years and older from LASI-DAD (N = 1,865) and respondents aged 65 years and older from HRS-HCAP (N = 2,111) who provided venous blood specimen. MEASUREMENTS We used total composite scores from the common cognitive tests administered. Cardiovascular risk was indicated by systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP), and homocysteine. Metabolic risk was measured by body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) (only in India). Inflammatory risk was indicted by white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, albumin, and uric acid (only in India). RESULTS The distribution of both total cognition scores and of cardiometabolic risk factors differed significantly between India and the United States. In both countries, lower cognition was associated with older age, lower education, elevated homocysteine, elevated proBNP, and lower albumin levels. The associations between HbA1c levels and cognitive measures were statistically significant in both countries, but in the opposite direction, with a coefficient of 1.5 (P < .001) in India and -2.4 (P < .001) in the United States for one percentage increase in absolute HbA1c value. CONCLUSION Cardiometabolic-inflammatory biomarkers are associated with cognitive functional levels in each country, but the relationships may vary across countries. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:S36-S44, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Hu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Economics, University of Southern California and RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Sidney Beaumaster
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jung Ki Kim
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - David Weir
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chou CW, Fang WH, Chen YY, Wang CC, Kao TW, Wu CJ, Chen WL. Association between Serum Calcium and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease among Community-dwelling Adults in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3192. [PMID: 32081877 PMCID: PMC7035351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum calcium, although only comprising 1% of total body calcium, is involved in intracellular signal pathways, vascular dilatation/constriction, and muscle contraction, which are crucial for insulin secretion, cholesterol catabolism, and blood pressure regulation. As far as we know, research on the relationship between serum calcium level and metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and hypertension in one longitudinal study is rare. Owing to the crucial role of serum calcium in human cardiometabolic physiology and lack of related study so far, this study aims to describe the relationship between serum calcium level and the incidence of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension. During the period 2010-2016, there are two parts to our study: cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal analysis. Logistic regression was applied for cross-sectional analysis of the association between serum calcium level or albumin-corrected calcium (ACCA) and the prevalence of MetS, diabetes, or hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for calculating of optimal cut-off value of serum calcium and ACCA. Cox proportional regression for development of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension according to different cut-off values of serum calcium level and ACCA were conducted. At baseline, there were 27,364 participants in our study. Serum calcium level had positive association with diabetes in the total population, male, and female. ACCA level had positive association with diabetes in the total population, male, and female. In unadjusted and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, serum calcium level was associated with increased risk of incident MetS in the total population and male. ACCA was associated with increased risk of incident MetS in the total population and male. ACCA was associated with increased risk of incident diabetes in the total population and male participants. This study describes the relationship between serum calcium level and the incidence of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension. Higher serum calcium level is associated with increased risk of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wai Chou
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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