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Ai Q, Liu D, Liang F, Kong Z, Pan Y, Zhang X. Artificial ascites‑assisted microwave ablation for liver cancer adjacent to the diaphragm and perioperative nursing care. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:382. [PMID: 38939625 PMCID: PMC11209844 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer near the deep diaphragm can be difficult to visualize due to the effects of lung gas, which presents a challenge for microwave ablation (MWA). The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of artificial ascites-assisted MWA for treating liver cancer near the deep diaphragm, as well as the significance of perioperative nursing. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent artificial ascites-assisted MWA for liver cancer located near the deep diaphragm between January 2016 and December 2022. Normal saline was utilized as artificial ascites to safeguard the deep diaphragm during MWA. The study recorded the procedural success rate, incidence of major complications, technical efficacy of ablation and local tumor progression (LTP). A total of 62 lesions in 54 patients were included, with 44 men and 10 women, and a mean (± SD) age of 55.64±10.33 years. The ultrasound image quality scores for liver cancer before and after ascites were 3.57±0.79 and 4.89±0.33, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=16.324; P<0.05). No diaphragm injury, skin burns at the puncture site or abdominal hemorrhage occurred during the procedure. A single patient developed right-sided pleural effusion, which did not require drainage. The complete ablation rate was 94.4% (51/54) at 1 month post-ablation, with 3 patients experiencing recurrence and receiving additional MWA treatment. The median follow-up time for the patients in this study was 21 months (range, 12-45 months), with a LTP rate of 5.6% (3/54). In conclusion, MWA assisted by artificial ascites is a safe and effective treatment for liver cancer near the deep diaphragm. Furthermore, perioperative treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with high-quality nursing is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ai
- Department of Hepatology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Kong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yanghong Pan
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Herrero A, Toubert C, Bedoya JU, Assenat E, Guiu B, Panaro F, Bardol T, Cassese G. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver surgery and thermal ablations: state of the art and future perspectives. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:71-88. [PMID: 38322198 PMCID: PMC10839736 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite the improvements in surgical and medical therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), recurrence still represents a major issue. Up to 70% of patients can experience HCC recurrence after liver resection (LR), as well as 20% of them even after liver transplantation (LT). The patterns of recurrence are different according to both the time and the location. Similarly, the risk factors and the management can change not only according to these patterns, but also according to the underlying liver condition and to the first treatment performed. Deep knowledge of such correlation is fundamental, since prevention and effective management of recurrence are undoubtedly the most important strategies to improve the outcomes of HCC treatment. Without adjuvant therapy, maintaining very close monitoring during the first 2 years in order to diagnose curable recurrence and continue this monitoring beyond 5 years because late recurrences exist, remains our only possibility today. Surgery represents the cornerstone treatment for HCC, including both LT and LR. However, new interesting therapeutic opportunities are coming from immunotherapy that has shown encouraging results also in the adjuvant setting. In such a complex and evolutionary scenario, the aim of this review is to summarize current strategies for the management of HCC recurrence, focusing on the different possible scenarios, as well as on future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Herrero
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyprien Toubert
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Ursic Bedoya
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Assenat
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Guiu
- Department of Radiology, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrizio Panaro
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Bardol
- Laboratory of rare human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gianluca Cassese
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic HPB Surgery, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Kampalath R, Mendiratta-Lala M, Lewis S, Benefield T, Yaghmai V, Burke L. Society of abdominal radiology survey of practice patterns in using LI-RADS treatment response criteria in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma post-locoregional treatment. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:3401-3407. [PMID: 37658876 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine national trends in the adoption and use of the LI-RADS Treatment Response Algorithm. METHODS Members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) on LI-RADS Treatment Response (LR-TR) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed a 15-question survey which was distributed to radiologists at academic and private practice institutions around the USA and Canada. The survey focused on HCC-related practice patterns as well as the adoption and use of the LR-TR algorithm. RESULTS Of 122 surveys distributed, a total of 76 radiologists responded (62%). Responders were predominantly from academic centers (85%). Nearly all (96%) participate in multidisciplinary hepatic tumor boards and most (67%) have an active liver transplant program. All responders' institutions perform locoregional therapy for HCC, including radiation-based therapy (TARE and SBRT). There was a preference for use of MRI over CT for follow-up after locoregional therapy. All responders were aware of the LR-TR algorithm and nearly all (92%) used the system in routine practice. Radiologists expressed a need for more visual aids related to the LR-TR system. Multiple respondents requested additional clarity within the LR-TR algorithm regarding the evolution of post-treatment radiation changes over time. CONCLUSION Most survey participants use the LR-TR algorithm after locoregional therapy for HCC. Future iterations of the algorithm may benefit from increased clarity regarding response after radiation-based therapies. Educational materials should include more visual aids to improve reader understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Kampalath
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
| | - Mishal Mendiratta-Lala
- Radiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, UH B2A209R, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5030, USA
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Thad Benefield
- Carolina Mammography Registry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7510, Bioinformatics Building Room 3125, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7515, USA
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Lauren Burke
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 2000 Old Clinic, CB# 7510, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Jin H, Huang J, Zhang M, Yang Y, Huang H, Feng X, Long B, Huang L, Zeng Y. Efficacy of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (MRI) for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:82-88. [PMID: 35431127 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To comprehensive investigate the diagnostic efficacy of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by MRI LI-RADS of suspected liver nodules. A comprehensive search of authenticated international databases including PubMed/Medline, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science as well as a series of nation-level databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure was carried out to look for related studies with respect to the diagnostic performance of MRI LR-5 or LR-4/5 for HCC. Subsequently, main data including the basic information of the articles incorporated as well as main outcomes, including diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, or original data like true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative values were extracted. Next, forest plots were generated to reveal the pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by LI-RADS were comparatively satisfactory. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MRI LR-5 with respect to pathologically diagnosed HCC were 0.73 [95% CI 0.7-0.75] and 0.88 [95% CI 0.86-0.90] respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI LR-4/5 were 0.77 [95% CI 0.75-0.80] and 0.82 [95% CI 0.79-0.85] respectively. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a promisingly satisfactory diagnostic efficacy of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by MRI LI-RADS of suspected malignant liver nodules, manifested by optimal diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuping Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Boyu Long
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Libin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Toubert C, Guiu B, Al Taweel B, Assenat E, Panaro F, Souche FR, Ursic-Bedoya J, Navarro F, Herrero A. Prolonged Survival after Recurrence in HCC Resected Patients Using Repeated Curative Therapies: Never Give Up! Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:232. [PMID: 36612227 PMCID: PMC9818493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is the optimal treatment for HCC, despite a high risk of recurrence. Few data are available on patient’s survival after resection. This is a retrospective study of tumor recurrence occurring after hepatectomy for HCC from 2000 to 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors of survival after recurrence (SAR). Among 387 patients, 226 recurred (58.4%) with a median SAR of 26 months. Curative treatments (liver transplantation, repeat hepatectomy, thermal ablation) were performed for 44.7% of patients. Independent prognostic factors for SAR were micro-vascular invasion on the primary surgical specimen, size of the initial tumor >5 cm, preoperative AFP, albumin and platelet levels, male gender, number, size and localization of tumors at recurrence, time to recurrence, Child−Pugh score and treatment at recurrence. In subgroup analysis, early recurrence (46%) was associated with a decrease in SAR, by contrast with late recurrence. However, the overall survival (OS) of patients with early recurrence and curative treatment did not significantly differ from that of non-recurring patients. For late recurrence, OS did not significantly differ from that of non-recurring patients, regardless of the proposed treatment. Aggressive and repeat treatments are therefore key to improve prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien Toubert
- Department of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Guiu
- Department of Digestive Imaging, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Bader Al Taweel
- Department of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Assenat
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrizio Panaro
- Department of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - François-Regis Souche
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Oncologic Surgery, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Ursic-Bedoya
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Hepatology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Navarro
- Department of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Astrid Herrero
- Department of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Inter-observer agreement using the LI-RADS version 2018 CT treatment response algorithm in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:115-122. [PMID: 34581927 PMCID: PMC8776670 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim To determine inter-reader agreement in categorization of imaging features using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (LR-TR) algorithm in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE). Methods Two radiologists used the LR-TR algorithm to assess 112 computed tomography (CT) examinations of 102 patients treated with cTACE. The inter-observer agreement in categorization of LR-TR features was assessed using kappa (κ) statistics. Results There was substantial inter-observer agreement between the two reviewers using the LR-TR algorithm (κ = 0.70; 95% CI 0.58–0.81). The two reviewers categorized tumors as non-viable in 37 (33.0%) and 39 (34.8%) of 112 examinations, viable in 58 (51.8%) and 62 (55.4%) examinations, and equivocal in 18 (16.1%) and 11 (9.8%) examinations, respectively. There was almost perfect inter-observer agreement for the LR-TR non-viable category (κ = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.92), substantial agreement for the viable category (κ = 0.78 95% CI 0.67–0.90), and fair agreement for the equivocal category (κ = 0.25; 95% CI 0.02–0.49). Conclusion The LR-TR algorithm conveys high degrees of inter-observer agreement for the assessment of CT imaging features in the viable and non-viable categories. Further refinement of indeterminate features may be necessary to improve the correct categorization of equivocal lesions. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Pirasteh A, Sorra EA, Marquez H, Sibley RC, Fielding JR, Vij A, Rich NE, Arroyo A, Yopp AC, Khatri G, Singal AG, Yokoo T. LI-RADS treatment response algorithm after first-line DEB-TACE: reproducibility and prognostic value at initial post-treatment CT/MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:3708-3716. [PMID: 33755735 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the inter-reader reproducibility and prognostic accuracy of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response algorithm (LR-TR) at the time of initial post-treatment evaluation following drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS This retrospective study included patients with HCC who underwent first-line DEB-TACE between January 2011 and December 2015. Six readers (three fellowship-trained radiologists and three radiology trainees) independently assessed lesion-level response in up to two treated lesions per LR-TR and modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST)-target criteria, as well as patient-level response per mRECIST-overall criteria, on the initial post-treatment CT/MRI. Inter-reader agreement was calculated by Fleiss' multi-reader κ. We tested whether LR-TR, mRECIST-target, and mRECIST-overall response were associated with overall survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model analyses. RESULTS A total of 82 patients with 113 treated target lesions were included. Inter-reader agreement was moderate for LR-TR and mRECIST-overall (κ range 0.42-0.57), and substantial for mRECIST-target (κ range 0.62-0.66), among all three reader-groups: all readers, experienced readers, and less-experienced readers. LR-TR and mRECIST-target response were not significantly associated with overall survival regardless of reader experience (P > 0.05). In contrast, mRECIST-overall response was significantly associated with overall survival when assessed by all readers (P = 0.02) and experienced readers (P = 0.03), but not by the less-experienced readers (P = 0.35). CONCLUSION Although LR-TR algorithm has moderate inter-reader reproducibility, it alone may not predict overall survival on the initial post-treatment CT/MRI after first-line DEB-TACE for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirasteh
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR II, Room 2423, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - E Aleks Sorra
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hector Marquez
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Sibley
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julia R Fielding
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav Vij
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicole E Rich
- Digestive and Liver Diseases, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ana Arroyo
- Digestive and Liver Diseases, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Khatri
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amit G Singal
- Digestive and Liver Diseases, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ormiston WEL, Yarmohammadi H, Lobaugh S, Schilsky J, Katz SS, LaGratta M, Velayati S, Zheng J, Capanu M, Do RKG. Post-treatment CT LI-RADS categories: predictors of overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma post bland transarterial embolization. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:3738-3747. [PMID: 32968863 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The LI-RADS Treatment Response (LR-TR) algorithm was introduced in 2017 to assist radiologists in assessing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) response following locoregional therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between pre-treatment LI-RADS diagnostic categories, post-treatment LR-TR categories, and mRECIST response categories with overall survival (OS) of patients with HCC. METHODS This retrospective study included untreated patients with one or two lesions who underwent transarterial embolization with or without concomitant ablation from December 2003 to December 2017. Two radiologists (R1 and R2) reviewed pre- and post-treatment CT imaging. Associations between pre- and post-treatment variables, including post-treatment LR-TR categories (Viable, Equivocal, Nonviable), with OS were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included (median age = 71 years, range 50-87; 17 women). The median OS from first embolization was 43.92 months. Pre- and post-treatment tumor size, pre-treatment LR-TIV (compared with LR-5), and post-treatment LR-TR Viable (compared with LR-TR Nonviable) were associated with OS (p < 0.05 for all). Median OS was shorter for LR-TR Viable patients (R1, 25.64 months, 95% CI 18.58-35.70; R2, 26.43 months 95% CI 20.68-43.92) than for LR-TR Nonviable patients (64.21 months R1 and R2, 95% CI 42.71-92.45 and 36.30-94.09, respectively). mRECIST categories showed similar associations with OS. Inter-reader agreement was moderate for LI-RADS categories (κ = 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.78) and substantial for LR-TR categories (κ = 0.68, 95% CI 0.55-0.81). CONCLUSIONS LR-TR categories show a strong association with OS in HCC patients treated with transarterial embolization.
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9
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LI-RADS treatment response assessment of combination locoregional therapy for HCC. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:3634-3647. [PMID: 34120207 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HCC incidence continues to increase worldwide and is most frequently discovered at an advanced stage when limited curative options are available. Combination locoregional therapies have emerged to improve patient survival and quality of life or downstage patients to curative options. The increasing options for locoregional therapy combinations require an understanding of the expected post-treatment imaging appearance in order to assess treatment response. This review aims to describe the synergy between TACE combined with thermal ablation and TACE combined with SBRT. We will also illustrate expected imaging findings that determine treatment efficacy based on the mechanism of tissue injury using the LI-RADS Treatment Response Algorithm.
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Kampalath R, Tran-Harding K, Do RKG, Mendiratta-Lala M, Yaghmai V. Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Response After Locoregional Therapy. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:389-403. [PMID: 34243925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Locoregional therapy (LRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma can be used alone or with other treatment modalities to reduce rates of progression, improve survival, or act as a bridge to cure. As the use of LRT expands, so too has the need for systems to evaluate treatment response, such as the World Health Organization and modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors systems and more recently, the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response algorithm (TRA). Early validation results for LI-RADS TRA have been promising, and as research accrues, the TRA is expected to evolve in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Kampalath
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Karen Tran-Harding
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Richard K G Do
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mishal Mendiratta-Lala
- Radiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, UH B2A209R, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Shenoy-Bhangle AS, Tsai LL, Masciocchi M, Arora SS, Kielar AZ. Role of the radiologist at HCC multidisciplinary conference and use of the LR-TR algorithm for improving workflow. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:3558-3564. [PMID: 33904990 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs) play a major role in management and care of oncology patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease benefiting from multidisciplinary discussions to determine optimal patient management. A multitude of liver-directed locoregional therapies have emerged allowing for more options for treatment of HCC. A radiologist dedicated to HCC-MDC is an important member of the team contributing to patient care in multiple ways. The radiologist plays a key role in image interpretation guiding initial therapy discussions as well as interpreting post-treatment imaging following liver-directed therapy. Standardization of image interpretation can lead to more consistent treatment received by the patient as well as accurate assessment of transplant eligibility. The radiologist can facilitate this process using structured reporting that is also supported by stakeholders involved in interdisciplinary management of liver diseases. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS), is a living document which offers a standardized reporting algorithm for consistent communication of radiologic findings for HCC screening and characterization of liver observations in patients at risk for HCC. The LI-RADS post-treatment algorithm (LR-TR algorithm) has been developed to standardize liver observations following liver-directed locoregional therapy. This review article focuses on the role of the radiologist at HCC-MDC and implementation of the LR-TR algorithm for improving workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha S Shenoy-Bhangle
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Leo L Tsai
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Diagnostic accuracy of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System locoregional treatment response criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7725-7733. [PMID: 33786656 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing adoption of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (LR-TR) criteria. However, there is still a relative lack of evidence evaluating the performance of these criteria. We performed this study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of LI-RADS LR-TR criteria. METHODS A thorough search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of LI-RADS LR-TR criteria was conducted through 30 June 2020. The meta-analytic summary of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of LI-RADS LR-TR criteria was computed using explant histopathology as the reference standard. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. RESULTS Four studies were found eligible for meta-analysis. The total number of LR-TR observations was 462 (240 patients, 82.5% males). Different locoregional therapies (LRTs), including bland embolization, chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation, had been used. The mean time interval between LRT and liver transplantation ranged from 181 to 219 days. There was a moderate to good inter-reader agreement for LR-TR criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of LR-TR criteria for viable disease were 62% (95% CI, 49-74%; I2 = 69%) and 87% (95% CI, 76-93%; I2 = 57%), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve were 9.83 (95% CI, 5.34-18.08; I2 = 19%) and 0.80. CONCLUSIONS LI-RADS LR-TR criteria have acceptable diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of viable tumor after LRT. Well-designed prospective studies evaluating criteria of equivocal lesions and effect of different LRTs should be performed. KEY POINTS • The pooled sensitivity and specificity of LI-RADS LR-TR criteria for the diagnosis of viable tumor were 62% and 87%, respectively. • The pooled diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve were 9.83 and 0.80. • LR-TR criteria had a moderate to good inter-reader agreement.
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Bartnik K, Podgórska J, Rosiak G, Korzeniowski K, Giziński J, Sajdek M, Wróblewski T, Zieniewicz K, Nyckowski P, Rowiński O. Performance of initial LI-RADS 2018 treatment response in predicting survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following TACE: a retrospective, single-center cohort study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3673-3683. [PMID: 33778924 PMCID: PMC8557150 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Treatment response following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is frequently evaluated with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response (LR-TR) algorithm, but its association with patients’ outcomes is not supported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to provide such data. Methods A retrospective analysis of 99 TACE patients with stage A/B hepatocellular carcinoma according to Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging system was performed. Two radiologists assessed LR-TR, while a third radiologist re-assessed divergent results. Overall survival (OS) and time to disease progression (TTP) were the primary endpoints of the study, while the Cox proportional hazard model was used for outcome analyses. Results Interobserver agreement was substantial between the two readers with κ = 0.69 (95% CI 0.58–0.81). The median OS in viable, equivocal, and non-viable groups were 27, 27, and 73 months, respectively (p < 0.001). However, after adjustment for confounding factors, there was no significant association between initial viable response and OS (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.37–2.63], p = 0.97), while equivocal response remained statistically significant (HR 3.52. [95% CI 1.27–9.71], p = 0.015). No significant association was noted when viable and equivocal groups were analyzed in aggregate (HR 1.03 [95% CI 0.4–2.4], p = 0.96). The median TTP did not differ between non-viable and viable groups (23 vs 18 months, respectively; p = 0.98). None of the analyzed predictors was associated with TTP. Conclusion Initial LR-TR response was not an independent predictor for OS nor TTP. The preliminary results suggest the necessity for more aggressive management of equivocal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartnik
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Korzeniowski
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Giziński
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Sajdek
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Wróblewski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zieniewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Nyckowski
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olgierd Rowiński
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Chernyak V, Sirlin CB. LI-RADS: Future Directions. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 17:149-153. [PMID: 33868656 PMCID: PMC8043702 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA
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Kim DW, Choi SH, Lee JS, Kim SY, Lee SJ, Byun JH. Interreader Reliability of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020237. [PMID: 33557040 PMCID: PMC7913820 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a proper management strategy in patients with locoregionally treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is essential that the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response algorithm (LR-TR) has high interreader reliability. We aimed to systematically evaluate the interreader reliability of LR-TR and sources of any study heterogeneity. METHODS Original studies reporting the interreader reliability of LR-TR were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 20 September 2020. The pooled kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to imaging modality (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT)). Meta-regression analyses were performed to explore study heterogeneity. RESULTS Eight studies with 851 HCCs were finally included. Pooled κ was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.58-0.82) for CT/MRI LR-TR, and those of MRI and CT were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.53-0.89) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65-0.78), respectively. Study design (p < 0.001) and type of treatment (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with substantial study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION LR-TR showed substantial interreader reliability regardless of the imaging modality. Because of substantial study heterogeneity, which was significantly associated with study design and type of treatment, published values for the interreader reliability of LR-TR should be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.J.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.J.L.); (J.H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-1797
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.J.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - So Jung Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.J.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.J.L.); (J.H.B.)
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King MJ, Tong A, Dane B, Huang C, Zhan C, Shanbhogue K. Response assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with yttrium-90 radioembolization: inter-reader variability, comparison with 3D quantitative approach, and role in the prediction of clinical outcomes. Eur J Radiol 2020; 133:109351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ghosn M, Derbel H, Kharrat R, Oubaya N, Mulé S, Chalaye J, Regnault H, Amaddeo G, Itti E, Luciani A, Kobeiter H, Tacher V. Prediction of overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Y-90 radioembolization by imaging response criteria. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 102:35-44. [PMID: 33012693 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential of imaging criteria in predicting overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after a first transcatheter arterial yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2013 to July 2017, 37 patients with HCC were retrospectively included. There were 34 men and 3 women with a mean age of 60.5±10.2 (SD) years (range: 32.7-78.9 years). Twenty-five patients (68%) were Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) C and 12 (32%) were BCLC B. Twenty-four primary index tumors (65%) were>5cm. Three radiologists evaluated tumor response on pre- and 4-7 months post-TARE magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography examinations, using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, modified RECIST (mRECIST), European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL), volumetric RECIST (vRECIST), quantitative EASL (qEASL) and the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System treatment response algorithm. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare responders and non-responders for each criterion. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) analysis were used to identify covariates associated with overall survival. Fleiss kappa test was used to assess interobserver agreement. RESULTS At multivariate analysis, RECIST 1.1 (HR: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.09-0.75; P=0.01), mRECIST (HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08-0.59; P=0.003), EASL (HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.63; P=0.005), and qEASL (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.80; P=0.02) showed a significant difference in overall survival between responders and nonresponders. RECIST 1.1 had the highest interobserver reproducibility. CONCLUSION RECIST and mRECIST seem to be the best compromise between reproducibility and ability to predict overall survival in patients with HCC treated with TARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghosn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - H Derbel
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, équipe 18, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - R Kharrat
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - N Oubaya
- Public Health Department, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S Mulé
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, équipe 18, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - J Chalaye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du-Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - H Regnault
- Department of Hepatology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, équipe 18, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - G Amaddeo
- Department of Hepatology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, équipe 18, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - E Itti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du-Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - A Luciani
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, équipe 18, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - H Kobeiter
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, Équipe 8, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - V Tacher
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Unité Inserm 955, équipe 18, IMRB, University of Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
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