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Yang X, Liang C, Shao L, Cui W, Ning R, Ke F, Wang Y, Gao P, Yin Y, Li Q. Sophora flavescens- Astragalus mongholicus herb pair in the progression of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible mechanisms and relevant therapeutic substances. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1284752. [PMID: 38860166 PMCID: PMC11163057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1284752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Both Sophora flavescens (SF) and Astragalus mongholicus (AM) are known for their anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anticancer activities. However, the efficacy, multi-target mechanisms, and therapeutic substances of SF-AM herb pair on the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Purpose To investigate the efficacy, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic substances of SF-AM herb pair in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-HCC. Methods Firstly, diethylnitrosamine was used to establish the hepatitis-cirrhosis-HCC model. HE staining and non-targeted metabolomics were used to evaluate the efficacy of SF-AM herb pair. Subsequently, the absorbed components of SF-AM herb pair in the plasma of rats were determined through HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Flow cytometry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were then employed to assess CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins, and their corresponding mRNAs. Simultaneously, the efficacy and mechanism of SF-AM herb pair on HCC were confirmed by in vitro experiments. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis was performed between pharmacodynamic indicators and in vivo components to identify the potential therapeutic substances of SF-AM herb pair. Results SF-AM herb pair can alleviate the pathological damage and reverse metabolic abnormalities in hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC rats, particularly during the hepatitis and cirrhosis stages. Pharmacological researches have demonstrated that SF-AM herb pair can increase the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, inhibit the expression of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB p65, NF-κB pp65, and Bcl-2, as well as increase the expression of IκBα, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. These findings suggest that SF-AM herb pair has the ability to enhance immunity, anti-inflammation and promote apoptosis. Cell experiments have shown that SF-AM herb pair can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cell and regulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, 23 absorbed prototypical components and 53 metabolites of SF-AM herb pair were identified at different stages of HCC rats. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that matrine, cytisine, wogonoside, and isoastragaloside are potential therapeutic substances in SF-AM herb pair for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed the efficacy, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic substances of SF-AM herb pair in the hepatitis-cirrhosis-HCC axis and provided a reference for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Liang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Shao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxuan Cui
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruobing Ning
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Ke
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility of RHLCCC, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yidi Yin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Yu X, Cai B, Yu L, Li N, Wu C, Hu Z, Tang D, Chen R, Qiu C. Wogonoside Ameliorates Airway Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion via NF-κB/STAT6 Signaling in Ovalbumin-Induced Murine Acute Asthma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7033-7042. [PMID: 38507725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is recognized as a chronic respiratory illness characterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Wogonoside, a flavonoid glycoside, is reported to significantly alleviate the inflammation response and oxidative stress. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of wogonoside on airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in a murine asthma model and in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Pulmonary function and the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. Pathological changes in lung tissue in each group were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining, and changes in levels of cytokines in BALF and of immunoglobulin E in serum were determined via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of relevant genes in lung tissue was analyzed via real-time PCR. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression of relevant proteins in lung tissue and 16HBE cells. Treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg wogonoside significantly attenuated the OVA-induced increase of inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus secretion, and goblet cell percentage and improved pulmonary function. Wogonoside treatment reduced the level of T-helper 2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF and of IgE in serum and decreased the mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), chemokines (CCL-2, CCL-11, and CCL-24), and mucoproteins (MUC5AC, MUC5B, and GOB5) in lung tissues. The expression of MUC5AC and the phosphorylation of STAT6 and NF-κB p65 in lung tissues and 16HBE cells were significantly downregulated after wogonoside treatment. Thus, wogonoside treatment may effectively decrease airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and mucus hypersecretion via blocking NF-κB/STAT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Bicheng Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Chujie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
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Feng W, Duan C, Pan F, Yan C, Dong H, Wang X, Zhang J. Integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the protective mechanism underlying Wogonoside in acute myocardial ischemia rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116871. [PMID: 37393028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, both Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and the traditional formulas composed of it have been used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular. Wogonoside (Wog) is the biologically active flavonoid compound extracted from the root of SBG, with potential cardiovascular protective effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Wog on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) have not yet been clearly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the protective mechanism of Wog on AMI rats by comprehensively integrating traditional pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. METHODS The rat was pretreatment with Wog at a dose of 20 mg/kg/d and 40 mg/kg/d once daily for 10 days and then ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats to establish the AMI rat model. Electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac enzyme levels, heart weight index (HWI), Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and histopathological analyses were adopted to evaluate the protective effect of Wog on AMI rats. Moreover, a serum metabolomic-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS approach was performed to find metabolic biomarkers and metabolic pathways, and network pharmacology analysis was applied to predict targets and pathways of Wog in treating AMI. Then, the network pharmacology and metabolomic results were integrated to elucidate the mechanism of Wog in treating AMI. Finally, RT- PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, and ALOX15 to validate the result of integrated metabolomics and network analysis. RESULTS Pharmacodynamic studies suggest that Wog could effectively prevent the ST-segment of electrocardiogram elevation, reduce the myocardial infarct size, heart weight index, and cardiac enzyme levels, and alleviate cardiac histological damage in AMI rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that the disturbances of metabolic profile in AMI rats were partly corrected by Wog and the cardio-protection effects on AMI rats involved 32 differential metabolic biomarkers and 4 metabolic pathways. In addition, the integrated analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics showed that 7 metabolic biomarkers, 6 targets, and 6 crucial pathways were the main mechanism for the therapeutic application of Wog for AMI. Moreover, the results of RT-PCR showed that PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, and ALOX15 mRNA expression levels were reduced after treatment with Wog. CONCLUSION Wog exerts cardio-protection effects on AMI rats via the regulation of multiple metabolic biomarkers, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, our current study will provide strong scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic application of Wog for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Cancan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Fuzhu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Caiying Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Xu H, Bi Y, Feng X, Wang J, Yu G, Zhang T, Li T, Gao X, Liu R, Sun Y, Wu H, Fang L, Zhang C, Sun Y. Characterization of the Active Ingredient and Prediction of the Potential Mechanism of Dahuoluo Pill via Mass Spectrometry with the Network Pharmacology Method. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:8819534. [PMID: 38025822 PMCID: PMC10645501 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8819534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Dahuoluo pill (DHLP) is a classic Chinese patent medicine used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions. However, there has been no research on the chemical components of DHLP and the mechanisms by which it ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis. Hence, we analysed the chemical components of DHLP and the DHLP components absorbed in blood by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive-orbitrap-mass spectrometry. We then used network pharmacology to predict the underlying mechanisms by which DHLP ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis. We identified 153 chemical compounds from DHLP, together with 27 prototype components absorbed in blood. We selected 48 of these compounds as potential active ingredients to explore the mechanism. These compounds are related to 88 significant pathways, which are linked to 18 core targets. This study preliminarily reveals the potential mechanisms by which DHLP ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis and provides a basis for further evaluation of the drug's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuelin Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Gengyuan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tonghua Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xuhua Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Runhua Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Linlin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441100, China
| | - Yikun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Feng H, Zhang D, Yin Y, Kang J, Zheng R. Salidroside ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke via mitigating M1 macrophage polarization by JNK/c-Jun. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4251-4264. [PMID: 37254460 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) promoted the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and macrophage polarization caused by CS modulated inflammatory response. Previous studies indicated that salidroside exerted therapeutic effects in COPD, but the anti-inflammatory mechanisms were not clear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of salidroside on macrophage polarization induced by CS. Wistar rats received passively CS exposure and were treated intraperitoneally with salidroside at a low, medium or high dose. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Emphysema and inflammatory scores were evaluated by histomorphology. Lung function, cytokines, and cell differential counts in BALF were detected. The macrophage polarization was determined by immunohistochemistry in lung tissues. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were isolated and treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), salidroside or inhibitors of relative pathways. The polarization status was determined by qPCR, and the protein level was detected by Western blotting. CS exposure induced emphysema and lung function deterioration. The inflammatory scores, cytokines level and neutrophils counts were elevated after CS exposure. Salidroside treatment partly ameliorated above abnormal. CS exposure activated M1 and M2 polarization of AMs in vivo and in vitro, and salidroside mitigated M1 polarization induced by CS. CSE activated the JNK/c-Jun in AMs and the M1 polarization of AMs was inhibited by the inhibitors of JNK and AP-1. Salidroside treatment deactivated the JNK/c-Jun, which indicated that salidroside mitigated the M1 polarization of AMs induced by CS via inhibiting JNK/c-Jun. Salidroside treatment ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation and M1 polarization of AMs induced by CS, and the process might be mediated by the deactivation of JNK/c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Sun S, Yu A, Cheng R, Wang L, He T, Xu X, Song R, Shan D, Lv F, Zhong X, Deng Q, Li X, He Y, Zheng Y, Ren X, Xia Q, She G. Similarities and differences between Ziqin and Kuqin in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities and their core chemical composition based on the zebrafish model and spectrum-effect relationship. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116049. [PMID: 36529251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the clinical application of TCM, SB has been divided into two specifications (Ziqin and Kuqin) for a long time. At present, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission no longer distinguishes between the two. However, the two specifications of medicinal materials and pieces are still in circulation in the market. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed at investigating the similarities and differences between Ziqin and Kuqin in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities and their material basis. It will provide a new angle for relevant regulations to formulate the specifications and standards of SB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we investigated the similarities and differences between Ziqin and Kuqin in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities related to four zebrafish models and three chemical tests. The chemical fingerprints of SB (Ziqin and Kuqin) were profiled by HPLC. Meanwhile, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to identify the chemical constituents of Ziqin and Kuqin. The main effect-related compounds of SB, Ziqin, and Kuqin were screened out by spectrum-effect relationship. Finally, six monomeric compounds were validated experimentally using the zebrafish inflammation model induced by CuSO4. RESULTS Both Ziqin and Kuqin had significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. Kuqin had better anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, while Ziqin had better antioxidant activity. HPLC fingerprint and UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS evaluation showed that the chemical composition types and main components of Ziqin and Kuqin were basically the same, while the contents and proportions of chemical components in Ziqin and Kuqin were different. By spectrum-effect relationship, compounds X1, X2 (luteoloside), X3, X4 (baicalin), X6 (wogonoside), X7 (baicalein), X8 (wogonin), and X9 (oroxylin A) were the same active chemical constituents of Ziqin and Kuqin. The core components of anti-inflammatory and analgesia activities in Kuqin were compounds X1, X2, X3, X5, X6, X7, X8, and X9. The antioxidant core active components of Ziqin were compounds X2, X3, X4, X6, X7, and X9. Among them, luteoloside, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A were validated successfully with good anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that Ziqin and kuqin have high similarity in chemical composition, but their proportions and active core components are different. This may be one of the main reasons why they have the same activity but different activity trends. These findings will help to improve the understanding of the different clinical applications of Ziqin and Kuqin, and provide a reference for the formulation of quality standards and their further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Sun
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, PR China.
| | - Axiang Yu
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Ruiyang Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Le Wang
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Ting He
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Ruolan Song
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Dongjie Shan
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Fang Lv
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiangjian Zhong
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Qingyue Deng
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xianxian Li
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Yingyu He
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, PR China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
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7
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Zhang B, Xu D. Wogonoside preserves against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury by suppression of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis via modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:877-885. [PMID: 35708282 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs after restoring blood supply, which brings about extra damage to heart tissue. Thus, exploring protection measures and underlying mechanisms appear to be particularly important. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotection of wogonoside against I/R injury in mice and further uncovered its mechanism. METHODS Mice model of myocardial I/R injury was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Before modeling, mice were administered the wogonoside (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 7 d. To evaluate the effect of wogonoside through nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway, sh-Nrf2 was transfected into wogonoside-treated I/R mice. Subsequently, echocardiography detection, HE staining, western blotting, ELISA, TUNEL assay, and MASSON assay were utilized to evaluate the degree of myocardial injury. RESULTS In I/R group, mice had severe myocardial injury, however, pretreatment of wogonoside at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg ameliorated the cardiac function, as evidenced by improving hemodynamic parameters. Besides, wogonoside could relieved the abnormality of cardiomyocytes structure, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis. Importantly, wogonoside activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, as demonstrated by increasing Nrf2 expression in nucleus and its downstream genes including HO-1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). However, effects of wogonoside on cardioprotection were abolished by sh-Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS Wogonoside exerted the protective role against I/R-induced myocardial injury by suppression of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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8
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Ge R. Targeting airway macrophages for inflammatory lung diseases-insights from traditional Chinese medicine. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1086. [PMID: 36388793 PMCID: PMC9652522 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Research on the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of gouty arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175044. [PMID: 35643303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the active ingredients and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC (namely, Cangzhu) for the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) based on network pharmacology methods. These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of GA. METHODS We used monosodium urate (MSU)-induced GA rats as a model to test the overall efficacy of Cangzhu in vivo. Then, the components of the Cangzhu decoction were analyzed and identified, and we screened the active ingredients and their targets. The GA disease targets were predicted by GeneCards and Disgenet databases and found to overlap in both databases. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network, followed by identification of the hub genes using Network Analyzer. Thereafter, Cytoscape software (version 3.8.2) was applied to construct a network for drug-active ingredient-key targets. Next, we applied cluego, a plug-in of Cytoscape, to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analyses. Additionally, molecular docking was used to verify the characteristics of the key candidate components interacting with the hub therapeutic targets. Finally, we established an inflammatory injury model of LPS using RAW264.7 macrophages and used it to experimentally validate the critical active ingredients. RESULTS Cangzhu effectively protected against gouty arthritis in vivo, and network pharmacology results revealed various active ingredients in Cangzhu, such as wogonin, atractylenolide I and atractylenolide II. These compounds were found to act on 16 hub targets, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), recombinant mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and transcription factor p65 (RELA), which have significant effects on regulating inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related pathways to improve the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory imbalance in the body, and this may be one of the underlying mechanisms of Cangzhu in anti-GA. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that Cangzhu comprises multiple active components that exert various targeted effects during GA treatment. These findings provide relevant insights to illuminate the mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of GA and provide a reference for further experimental research.
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[Wogonoside alleviates high glucose-induced dysfunction of retinal microvascular endothelial cells and diabetic retinopathy in rats by up-regulating SIRT1]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:463-472. [PMID: 35527482 PMCID: PMC9085582 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of wogonoside on high glucose-induced dysfunction of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy in rats and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS HRMECs in routine culture were treated with 25 mmol/L mannitol or exposed to high glucose (30 mmol/L glucose) and treatment with 10, 20, 30, 40 μmol/L wogonoside. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to examine cell proliferation and migration, and the changes in tube formation and monolayer cell membrane permeability were tested. ROS, NO and GSH-ST kits were used to evaluate oxidative stress levels in the cells. The expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in the cells were examined with qRT-PCR and ELISA, and the protein expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α and SIRT1 were detected using Western blotting. We also tested the effect of wogonoside on retinal injury and expressions of HIF-1α, ROS, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and SIRT1 proteins in rat models of STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS High glucose exposure caused abnormal proliferation and migration, promoted angiogenesis, increased membrane permeability (P < 0.05), and induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hRMECs (P < 0.05). Wogonoside treatment concentration-dependently inhibited high glucose-induced changes in hRMECs. High glucose exposure significantly lowered the expression of SIRT1 in hRMECs, which was partially reversed by wogonoside (30 μmol/L) treatment; interference of SIRT1 obviously attenuated the inhibitory effects of wogonoside against high glucose-induced changes in proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, membrane permeability, inflammation and oxidative stress in hRMECs. In rat models of STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy, wogonoside effectively suppressed retinal thickening (P < 0.05), alleviated STZ-induced retinal injury, and increased the expression of SIRT1 in the retinal tissues (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Wogonoside alleviates retinal damage caused by diabetic retinopathy by up-regulating SIRT1 expression.
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Kour H, Raina R, Verma PK, Khan AM, Bhat MA, Nashiruddullah N. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. rhizome with excision wound model in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114527. [PMID: 34411656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. is a plant growing in the Himalayan region of India where locals use its rhizomes for a variety of disease conditions including wounds and fractures. Although some of its pharmacological benefits have been documented, scientific validation of its wound healing property has not been done so far. AIM OF THE STUDY To ensure use of this natural remedy as an alternative therapy to the faster wound healing, this study evaluated the wound healing activity of the ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata rhizome using excision wound model in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups (n = 10) of rats were subjected to different topical wound regimens for 14 days. Simple paraffin-lanolin ointment was applied to the control group rats. One group was applied povidone-iodine 10% (w/w) ointment. The other two groups were treated with ointment of ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata at 5 or 10% (w/w) rhizome, respectively. Blood and wound tissue samples were collected on 7th and 14th day of treatment and were correspondingly subjected to histopathology, and the assays of L-hydroxyproline, D-glucosamine, antioxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Wound histology revealed increased collagenation, re-epithelialization and neovascularization while decreased bacterial colonies in the treatment groups. These histological changes and wound contraction were better in the 10% Bergenia ciliata group. Tissue L-hydroxyproline levels, blood enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were increased in the treatment groups. On 7th day of treatment glucosamine levels increased in the treatment groups, while as a reverse trend was observed on day 14. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that treatment with Bergenia ciliata extract ointment provides satisfactory wound healing which is comparable to that of the standard wound healing ointment, povidone-iodine and is surpassing simple lanolin-paraffin ointment. The improved wound healing, especially in the 10% Bergenia ciliata groups, can be attributed to satisfactory profile of the above studied parameters in these treatment groups which is also construed by the phytochemical analysis of its extract revealing the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds gallic acid, catechin, quercetin and rutin as the major active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kour
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary Sciences University Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajinder Raina
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Adil Mehraj Khan
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India; Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Makhmoor Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Nawab Nashiruddullah
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
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Cai Y, Wen J, Ma S, Mai Z, Zhan Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li H, Wu W, Li R, Luo C. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Increases Plaque Stability in High-Fat Diet-Induced ApoE -/- Mice by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization and Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization. Front Physiol 2021; 12:666449. [PMID: 34539422 PMCID: PMC8445160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.666449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays a vital impact in triggering atherosclerosis (AS) progression and regression. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD), a famous traditional Chinese decoction, displays notable anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects in different animal models. However, its effects and mechanisms on AS have not been clearly defined. We determined whether HLJDD attenuated atherosclerosis and plaques vulnerability by regulating macrophage polarization in ApoE−/− mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of HLJDD on macrophage polarization in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced RAW264.7 cells. For in vivo assay, compared with the model group, HLJDD ameliorated lipid metabolism, with significantly decreased levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (CHOL), and lipid density lipoprotein. HLJDD suppressed serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-1β levels with increased serum IL-10 level, and inhibited mRNA level of NLRP3 inflammasome in carotid tissues. HLJDD enhanced carotid lesion stability by decreasing macrophage infiltration together with increased expression of collagen fibers and α-SMA. Moreover, HLJDD inhibited M1 macrophage polarization, which decreased the expression and mRNA levels of M1 markers [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and CD86]. HLJDD enhanced alternatively activated macrophage (M2) activation, which increased the expression and mRNA levels of M2 markers (Arg-1 and CD163). For in vitro assay, HLJDD inhibited foam cell formation in RAW264.7 macrophages disturbed by ox-LDL. Besides, groups with ox-LDL plus HLJDD drug had a lower expression of CD86 and mRNA levels of iNOS, CD86, and IL-1β, but higher expression of CD163 and mRNA levels of Arg-1, CD163, and IL-10 than ox-LDL group. Collectively, our results revealed that HLJDD alleviated atherosclerosis and promoted plaque stability by suppressing M1 polarization and enhancing M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Cai
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junmao Wen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhexing Mai
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunzhang Zhan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Sun Y, Chen K, Lin G, Wan F, Chen L, Zhu X. Silencing c-Jun inhibits autophagy and abrogates radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1085. [PMID: 34422997 PMCID: PMC8339856 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Radioresistance plays an important role in the failure of radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), leading to poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the expression of the c-Jun oncogene and the prognosis of NPC. In addition, we investigated the potential mechanisms of c-Jun in the regulation of tumor growth and radioresistance in NPC. Methods c-Jun expression in NPC tissues and nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues was evaluated using immunochemistry. c-Jun and its downstream targets were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Inhibitors or activators were used to interfere with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. NPC nude mouse xenograft models were used to investigate the potential effects of c-Jun and ionizing radiation in vivo. Results The expression of c-Jun in NPC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal nasopharyngeal mucosa (NNM) tissues, and Cox regression analysis revealed that c-Jun overexpression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in NPC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments verified that c-Jun targeted PI3K/AKT signaling. We also performed an in vivo study showing that c-Jun knockdown effectively suppressed NPC growth in a xenograft tumor model by autophagy inhibition, and these effects were accompanied by the upregulation of p-PI3K p-AKT, p-mTOR, and P62 and downregulation of LC3-II expression. Conclusions High expression of c-Jun was correlated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. c-Jun knockdown increased cell sensitivity to radiation by inhibiting autophagy activation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The present study provides a theoretical basis for a promising treatment for radioresistant NPC by inhibiting c-Jun expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Guoxiang Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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