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Lee KR, Hong DY, Paik JH, Jung HM. Prognostic Value of Plasma Presepsin and Pneumonia Severity Index in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Emergency Department. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58111504. [PMID: 36363461 PMCID: PMC9692405 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Presepsin (PSS) is an independent predictor for estimating disease severity and prognosis in septic patients. Few studies have reported the associations between plasma PSS and the severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigated whether a high plasma PSS level was associated with 30-day mortality in CAP patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted in an emergency department. The PSS level was measured in 211 adult CAP patients admitted to the hospital and followed for up to 30 days. We recorded the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and the CURB-65 score. The primary outcome was death from any cause within 30 days. Results: The plasma PSS levels were significantly elevated in the high-risk group (PSI > 130) compared with the low- (PSI < 91) or moderate-risk groups (PSI 91−130). Forty-four patients (20.9%) died within 30 days of admission. Non-survivors had significantly higher plasma PSS levels than survivors among CAP patients: 1083 (697−1736) pg/mL vs. 385 (245−554) pg/mL (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) to predict 30-day mortality was highest for PSS (0.867), followed by procalcitonin (0.728) and lactate (0.616). The cutoff level of plasma PSS for 30-day mortality was >754 pg/mL. The combination of PSI and plasma PSS level improved the predictive ability for 30-day mortality (AUC = 0.892). Cox regression analysis showed that higher PSS levels (>754 pg/mL) and higher PSI (>126) were associated with 30-day mortality in CAP patients (hazard ratios of 19.472 and 6.375, respectively). Conclusion: Elevated plasma PSS is associated with severity and 30-day mortality in hospitalized CAP patients. Combining plasma PSS level and PSI could significantly improve the predictive ability of PSS for 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ryong Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Dae-Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-5790
| | - Jin-Hui Paik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
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Kim SW, Lee H, Lee SH, Jo SJ, Lee J, Lim J. Usefulness of monocyte distribution width and presepsin for early assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29592. [PMID: 35801752 PMCID: PMC9258971 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early predictors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would identify patients requiring intensive care. Recently, the monocyte distribution width (MDW) and presepsin level have been used for the early diagnosis of sepsis. Here, we assessed the utility of MDW and presepsin for the early assessment of COVID-19 severity. Eighty-seven inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into 3 groups by the type of respiratory support: (1) mechanical ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (MVHF-OT), (2) conventional oxygen therapy, and (3) no oxygen therapy. We measured the complete blood count; MDW; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and the levels of presepsin, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody. Thirteen (14.9%) patients on MVHF-OT exhibited a significantly higher mortality and a longer hospital stay than did the others. The MDW and presepsin levels were significantly elevated on admission, and correlated with COVID-19 severity (both P < .001). Notably, only the MDW correlated significantly with symptoms in the no oxygen therapy group (P < .012). In the first week after admission, the MDW fell and no longer differed among the groups. The KL-6 level did not differ by disease severity at any time. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 74 patients (91.4%) and the level of neutralization correlated significantly with COVID-19 severity (P < .001). The MDW and presepsin are useful indicators for early assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Won Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heayon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Jo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * Correspondence: Jihyang Lim, MD, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021 Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 03312, Korea (e-mail: )
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Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 associated VTE is a new disease entity with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to review contemporary emerging literature on the incidence, pathophysiology, predictive prognostic indicators, and management consensus for Covid-19 related thrombotic complications, in particular DVT and PE. Methods A literature review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. All searches were done via PubMed. References of review articles were further screened according to the exclusion criteria. Results In total, 154 records were identified and 20 duplicates were removed. A final 68 articles were included in the qualitative analysis. COVID-19 related thrombosis can affect multiple organs of the body, presenting in the form of arterial or venous thrombosis such as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, mesenteric ischemia, limb ischemia, DVT, or PE. DVT and PE has an overall incidence of 6–26%, and severely ill COVID-19 patients have even higher incidence of thromboembolism. On the other hand, incidence of arterial thromboembolism is much lower with incidence of 0.7%–3.7%. D-dimer is found to be an independent risk factor, and IMPROVE score, Caprini score, and Padua score have all been used as predictors. International guidelines suggest the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or fondaparinux for prophylaxis of VTE, and therapeutic dosage of weight adjusted LMWH for treatment if confirmed diagnosis. Conclusions Contemporary rapidly evolving evidence shows that COVID-19 associated thrombosis was a novel clinical entity, especially in severely ill COVID-19 patients. There are multiple society-driven guidelines only, but without any level 1 evidence for management regimen. The ideal dose for prophylaxis is not established and may vary depending on balance of bleeding and thrombosis risk. The risk of bleeding may be increased in patients in intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Cheng
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu Che Chan
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen W Cheng
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China
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Ahmed S, Mansoor M, Shaikh MS, Siddiqui I. Presepsin as a Predictive Biomarker of Severity in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25:1051-1054. [PMID: 34963726 PMCID: PMC8664043 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data retrieval Results Conclusion How to cite this article
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Sibtain Ahmed, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, e-mail:
| | - Maheen Mansoor
- Department of Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Shaikh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Velissaris D, Zareifopoulos N, Karamouzos V, Karanikolas E, Pierrakos C, Koniari I, Karanikolas M. Presepsin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Sepsis. Cureus 2021; 13:e15019. [PMID: 34150378 PMCID: PMC8202808 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality which is commonly encountered in an emergency and critical care setting. Despite a substantial body of research, the ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and prognostic stratification of septic patients remains unknown. This review aimed to summarize the publications referring to the validity of the biomarker presepsin when used for the detection, monitoring and prognosis in patients suffering with sepsis. This work is a narrative review based on a PubMed/Medline search conducted in order to identify all relevant publications referring to the use of presepsin in sepsis. Search was not limited by year of publication so all articles archived in the database would be retrieved. No article from before 2010 was identified. A total of 57 publications of the last decade were included, all of which support the use of presepsin as a biomarker for the assessment of septic patients. It has been used alone or in combination with commonly used biomarkers in the evaluation of patients with sepsis in settings such as the emergency department and the intensive care unit. It is useful in the initial workup of patients with suspected sepsis in the emergency setting and may be a predictive factor of mortality and the most severe complication of sepsis. Presepsin seems to be a valuable tool for the laboratory workup of sepsis, especially when used in conjunction with other biomarkers and clinical rating scores with an established role in this population. Further research is needed to evaluate the clinical implications of utilizing presepsin measurements in the workup of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Velissaris
- Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Nicholas Zareifopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Nikaia, Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Athens, GRC.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, GRC
| | | | | | - Charalampos Pierrakos
- Intensive Care Unit, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BEL
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Department of Electrophysiology and Device, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, GBR
| | - Menelaos Karanikolas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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Tsuchida T, Ie K, Okuse C, Hirose M, Nishisako H, Torikai K, Tanaka T, Kunishima H, Matsuda T. Determining the factors affecting serum presepsin level and its diagnostic utility: A cross-sectional study. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:585-591. [PMID: 33454214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to identify factors affecting presepsin levels and to determine their diagnostic utility. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient clinic and emergency department at an acute care hospital in Japan between January 2015 and December 2017. We enrolled 1,840 consecutive outpatients with at least one measurement of serum presepsin, who were suspected of having bacterial infection. The outcome variables were bacterial infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, cholangitis, and other infections diagnoses, based on the chart review. We collected blood analysis data on the patients' presepsin levels. RESULTS There was a significant association between presepsin level and the diagnosis of bacterial infection even when adjusted for age, sex, renal function, and biliary enzyme levels. An increase of 1 unit in the log of presepsin values resulted in a relative risk ratio of 1.71 (1.09-2.66), 2.1 (1.58-2.79), 2.93 (2.05-4.19), 4.7(2.90-7.61), and 2.41(1.70-3.43), for bacterial infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, cholangitis, and other infections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Presepsin showed a statistically significant increase in the diagnosis of bacterial infections (lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, cholangitis, and non-severe patients) in a community hospital setting. However, in patients with renal dysfunction, presepsin levels should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Tsuchida
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Kenya Ie
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan; General Medicine Center, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, 1-30-37 Syukugawara, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8525, Japan
| | - Chiaki Okuse
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan; General Medicine Center, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, 1-30-37 Syukugawara, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8525, Japan
| | - Masanori Hirose
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan; General Medicine Center, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, 1-30-37 Syukugawara, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8525, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nishisako
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan; General Medicine Center, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, 1-30-37 Syukugawara, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8525, Japan
| | - Keito Torikai
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Taku Tanaka
- General Medicine Center, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, 1-30-37 Syukugawara, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8525, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsuda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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Zaninotto M, Mion MM, Cosma C, Rinaldi D, Plebani M. Presepsin in risk stratification of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:161-163. [PMID: 32333860 PMCID: PMC7175898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate in SARS-CoV-2 patients the behavior of presepsin . To compare the informations provided with those of other inflammatory biomarkers. To provide new biochemical informations in patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2.
Background A severe form of pneumonia, is the leading complication of the respiratory Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), recently renamed SARS-CoV-2. Soluble cluster of differentiation (CD)14 subtype (sCD14-ST also termed presepsin PSP) is a regulatory factor that modulates immune responses by interacting with T and B cells, useful for early diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification prediction. Methods In 75 consecutive patients suffering from COVID-19 microbiology proven infection, admitted to intensive care unit (ICU, n = 21, 28%) and/or in infectious disease ward (IW, n = 54, 72%), PSP (Pathfast, Mitsubishi, Japan) has been measured in addition to routine laboratory tests performed during the period of hospitalization (from January to March 2020). Results PSP demonstrates: -statistically significant higher values (Mann-Whitney test) in 6 patients died (median, IQR = 1046, 763–1240; vs 417, 281–678 ng/L, p < 0.05); -statistically significant but poor correlations with CRP (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), LDH (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and PCT (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) measured at the same day; -a significant relationship between concentrations and ICU stay. In fact patients showing PSP values higher than 250 ng/L (cut-off for risk stratification) did stay in ICU for a significantly longer time (median 17 days, IQR 12–31; p < 0.001) than those exhibiting lower values (median 10 days, IQR 7–18). Conclusions The data obtained seems to demonstrate the role of PSP in providing prognostic information in COVID-19 patients, allowing to identify, during the early phase of the monitoring, the patients suffering from a more severe disease which will be hospitalized for a more long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zaninotto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy.
| | - Monica Maria Mion
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Rinaldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
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