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The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050929. [PMID: 36900073 PMCID: PMC10001260 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an immunoinflammatory pathological procedure in which lipid plaques are formed in the vessel walls, partially or completely occluding the lumen, and is accountable for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ACSVD consists of three components: coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular disease (PAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). A disturbed lipid metabolism and the subsequent dyslipidemia significantly contribute to the formation of plaques, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) being the main responsible factor. Nonetheless, even when LDL-C is well regulated, mainly with statin therapy, a residual risk for CVD still occurs, and it is attributable to the disturbances of other lipid components, namely triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Increased plasma TG and decreased HDL-C levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD, and their ratio, TG/HDL-C, has been proposed as a novel biomarker for predicting the risk of both clinical entities. Under these terms, this review will present and discuss the current scientific and clinical data linking the TG/HDL-C ratio with the presence of MetS and CVD, including CAD, PAD and CCVD, in an effort to prove the value of the TG/HDL-C ratio as a valuable predictor for each aspect of CVD.
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Ding C, Chen Y, Shi Y, Li M, Hu L, Zhou W, Wang T, Zhu L, Huang X, Bao H, Cheng X. Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese adults with hypertension. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:231. [PMID: 33143696 PMCID: PMC7640397 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the relationship between nontraditional lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are limited. The present study investigated the relationship of nontraditional lipid indices with PAD in hypertensive patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among 10,900 adults with hypertension. Participants were diagnosed with PAD when their ankle-brachial index (ABI) was < 0.9. The association between nontraditional lipid profiles and PAD was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the restricted cubic spline. RESULTS All nontraditional lipid indices were independently and positively associated with PAD in a dose-response fashion. After multivariable adjustment, the per SD increments of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C were all significantly associated with 37, 14, 40, and 24% higher risk for PAD, respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) for PAD were 1.77 (1.31, 2.40), 1.71 (1.25, 2.34), 2.03 (1.50, 2.74), and 1.70 (1.25, 2.31) when comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese hypertensive adults, all nontraditional lipid indices were positively associated with PAD, and the LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios were better than the other nontraditional lipid indices for predicting PAD. These findings may improve the risk stratification of cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia management. TRIAL REGISTRATION CHiCTR, ChiCTR1800017274 . Registered 20 July 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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