1
|
Parrao D, Lizana N, Saavedra C, Larrañaga M, Lindsay CB, San Francisco IF, Bravo JC. Active Surveillance in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer, the Potential Role of Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2201-2220. [PMID: 38668066 PMCID: PMC11048875 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cause of cancer worldwide and is the thirteenth leading cause of cancer mortality. The non-muscle invasive (NMI) variant represents 75% of cases and has a mortality rate of less than 1%; however, it has a high recurrence rate. The gold standard of management is transurethral resection in the case of new lesions. However, this is associated with significant morbidity and costs, so the reduction of these procedures would contribute to reducing complications, morbidity, and the burden to the health system associated with therapy. In this clinical scenario, strategies such as active surveillance have emerged that propose to manage low-risk BC with follow-up; however, due to the low evidence available, this is a strategy that is underutilized by clinicians. On the other hand, in the era of biomarkers, it is increasingly known how to use them as a tool in BC. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide to clinical practitioners the evidence available to date on AS and the potential role of biomarkers in this therapeutic strategy in patients with low-grade/risk NMIBC. This is the first review linking use of biomarkers and active surveillance, including 29 articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Parrao
- School of Medicine, University of O’Higgins, Rancagua 282000, Chile; (D.P.); (N.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Nemecio Lizana
- School of Medicine, University of O’Higgins, Rancagua 282000, Chile; (D.P.); (N.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Catalina Saavedra
- School of Medicine, University of O’Higgins, Rancagua 282000, Chile; (D.P.); (N.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Matías Larrañaga
- Department of Urology, Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins Regional Hospital, Rancagua 282000, Chile;
| | - Carolina B. Lindsay
- Research Department, Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins Regional Hospital, Rancagua 282000, Chile;
| | - Ignacio F. San Francisco
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Juan Cristóbal Bravo
- Department of Urology, Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins Regional Hospital, Rancagua 282000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du C, Waltzer WC, Wilusz JE, Spaliviero M, Darras F, Romanov V. Circular STAG2 RNA Modulates Bladder Cancer Progression via miR-145-5p/TAGLN2 and Is Considered as a Biomarker for Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:978. [PMID: 38473339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the circRNA hsa_circ_0139697 (circSTAG2(16-25)) in BCa and to consider the opportunity of using circSTAG2(16-25) isolated from BCa patient urine as a marker for disease development prediction. The selection of this circRNA was determined by the special role of its parental gene STAG2 in BCa biology. The circRNA hsa_circ_0139697 was chosen from 25 STAG2 circRNAs due to its differential expression in the urine of BCa patients and healthy volunteers. Higher levels of circSTAG2(16-25) were detected in urine samples obtained from patients with recurrent tumors. A higher expression of circSTAG2(16-25) was also detected in more tumorigenic BCa cell lines. The overexpression of circSTAG2(16-25) in BCa cells induced the elevation of proliferation, motility, and invasion. To study the mechanisms of circSTAG2(16-25) activity, we confirmed that circSTAG2(16-25) can bind miR-145-5p in vitro as was predicted by bioinformatic search. miR-145-5p was shown to suppress some genes that promoted BCa progression. One of these genes, TAGLN2, encodes the protein Transgelin 2, which plays a role in BCa cell motility and invasion. Therefore, the possible mechanism of action of circSTAG2(16-25) could be sponging the tumor suppressor miR-145-5p, which results in activation of TAGLN2. In addition, circSTAG2(16-25) might be considered as a potential biomarker for recurrence prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Du
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wayne C Waltzer
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilusz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Massimiliano Spaliviero
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frank Darras
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Victor Romanov
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang NT, Robinson R, Snook RD, Brown M, Clarke N, Gardner P. Classification of formalin-fixed bladder cancer cells with laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2023; 148:4099-4108. [PMID: 37486734 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common cancer that is relatively hard to detect at an early stage because of its non-obvious symptoms. It is known that bladder cells can be found in urine samples which potentially could be used for early detection of bladder cancer. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful non-invasive tool for accessing biochemical information of cells. Combined with laser tweezers, to allow isolation of single cells, Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise a number of bladder cells that might be found in a urine sample. Using principal component-canonical variates analysis (PC-CVA) and k-fold validation, the results shows that the invasive bladder cancer cells can be identified with accuracy greater than 87%. This demonstrates the potential of developing an early detection method that identifies the invasive bladder cancer cells in urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nga Tsing Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Richard Robinson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
- Department of Urology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Richard D Snook
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Mick Brown
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Noel Clarke
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
- Department of Urology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Guo F, Zhu J, He Z, Hao L, Weng L, Wang L, Chao J. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for Bladder Marker Human Complement Factor H-Related Protein Detection. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37478154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of noninvasive and sensitive detection methods for the early diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer is critical but challenging. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor that uses Ru(bpy)32+-metal-organic framework (Ru-MOF) nanospheres and a DNA tetrahedral (TDN) probe was established for bladder cancer marker complement factor H-related protein (CFHR1) detection. The synthesized Ru(bpy)32+-metal-organic frameworks (Ru-MOFs) served as a linked substrate for immobilization of AuNPs and antibody (Ab2) to prepare the ECL signal probe (Ru-MOF@AuNPs-Ab2), exhibiting a stable and strengthened ECL emission. At the same time, the inherent advantages of TDN probes on the electrode as the capture probe (TDN-Ab1) improve the accessibility of targets to probes. In the presence of CFHR1, the signal probe Ru-MOF@AuNPs-Ab2 was modified on the electrode through immune binding, thereby obtaining an outstanding ECL signal. As expected, the developed ECL immunosensor exhibited splendid performance for CFHR1 detection in the range of 0.1 fg/mL to 10 pg/mL with a quite low detection limit of 0.069 fg/mL. By using the proposed strategy to detect CFHR1 from urine, it showed acceptable accuracy, which can effectively distinguish between bladder cancer patients and healthy samples. This work contributes to a novel, noninvasive, and accurate method for early clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fenglian Guo
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhimei He
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Chao
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Li J, Zhang R. Off the fog to find the optimal choice: Research advances in biomarkers for early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188926. [PMID: 37230421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) has high morbidity and mortality rates owing to challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Advanced BC is prone to recurrence after surgery, necessitating early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring to improve the prognosis of patients. Traditional detection methods for BC include cystoscopy, cytology, and imaging; however, these methods have drawbacks such as invasiveness, lack of sensitivity, and high costs. Existing reviews on BC focus on treatment and management and lack a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers. Our article reviews various biomarkers for the early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of BC and outlines the existing challenges associated with their application and possible solutions. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential application of urine biomarkers as a non-invasive, inexpensive adjunctive test for screening high-risk populations or evaluating patients with suspected BC symptoms, thereby alleviating the discomfort and financial burden associated with cystoscopy and improving patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abol-Elnazer HF, Awadalla A, Ahmed AE, Abol-Enein H, Al Ganzouri MA, Elsawy AA. Novel urine-based DNA methylation biomarkers for urothelial bladder carcinoma detection in patients with hematuria. Arab J Urol 2023; 21:248-257. [PMID: 38178946 PMCID: PMC10763582 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2023.2208492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is usually detected during work-up for hematuria. Cystoscopy and/or contrast-enhanced imaging are the gold standard tools for UBC diagnosis, despite limited by being invasive, expensive and low yield in small flat tumors. Objectives To assess the diagnostic performance of urine-based DNA methylation of six genes (GATA4, P16, P14, APC, CDH1 and CD99) for UBC detection in patients with hematuria. Patients and methods Voided urine was collected from consecutive patients presented with hematuria for urine cytology and DNA methylation assay of the assigned genes using methylation-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Further assessment by office cystoscopy and imaging with subsequent inpatient cystoscopic biopsy for positive findings was done. The diagnostic characteristics of DNA methylation and urine cytology were assessed based on its capability to predict UBC. Results We included 246 patients in the study with identified macroscopic hematuria in 204 (82.9%) patients. Positive cytology was found in 78 (31.7%) patients. DNA methylation of GATA4, P16, P14, APC, CDH1 and CD99 genes was identified in 127 (51.6%), 52 (21.1%), 117 (47.6%), 106 (43.1%), 90 (36.6%) and 71 (28.9%) patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the assigned genes for UBC detection ranges from 35% (95%CI: 31-39) to 83% (95%CI: 79-87). Optimal specificity (SP) (100%) was noted for P16, APC and CDH1 genes. While for the other genes (GATA4, P14 and CD99), the SP was 95% (95%CI: 92-98), 96% (95%CI: 92-99) and 97% (95%CI: 93-99), respectively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, all genes exclusively demonstrated independent prediction of UBC. On receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, all tested genes methylation showed superior area under the curve (AUC) when compared to urine cytology. Conclusions We have developed a novel urine-based DNA methylation assay for detection of UBC in patients with hematuria with superior diagnostic performance and independent predictive capacity over urine cytology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellent for Genome and Cancer Research (CEG-CR), Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E. Ahmed
- Center of Excellent for Genome and Cancer Research (CEG-CR), Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan Abol-Enein
- Center of Excellent for Genome and Cancer Research (CEG-CR), Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Urology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Amr A. Elsawy
- Urology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oto J, Fernández-Pardo Á, Roca M, Plana E, Cana F, Herranz R, Pérez-Ardavín J, Vera-Donoso CD, Martínez-Sarmiento M, Medina P. LC-MS metabolomics of urine reveals distinct profiles for non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 2022; 40:2387-2398. [PMID: 36057894 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Novel non-invasive markers are needed to diagnose and stage BC with more accuracy than invasive procedures like cystoscopy. To date, no study has identified urine metabolites characteristic of all BC stages. To discover novel urine metabolomic profiles to diagnose and stage non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive (MIBC) patients using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. METHODS We prospectively recruited 198 BC patients and 98 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without evidence of renal or bladder condition confirmed by ultrasound, from whom we collected a first morning urine sample (before surgery in patients). In a discovery stage, an untargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted in urine samples of a selection of 64 BC patients (19 TaG1, 11 TaG3, 20 T1G3, 12 T2G3, 1 T2G2, 1 T3G3) and 20 controls to identify dysregulated metabolites. Next, after exhaustive multivariate analysis, confirmed dysregulated metabolites were validated in an independent cohort of 134 BC patients (19 TaG1, 62 TaG2, 9 TaG3, 15 T1G2, 16 T1G3, 4 T2G2, 9 T2G3) and 78 controls. RESULTS We validated p-cresol glucuronide as potential diagnostic biomarker for BC patients compared to controls (AUC = 0.79). For NMIBC, p-cresol glucuronide was valuable as staging biomarker (AUC = 0.803). And among NMIBCs, p-coumaric acid may be a potential specific staging biomarker for the TaG1 NMIBC; however, future validation experiments should be conducted once the precise version of the standard is commercially available. Remarkably, for MIBC we validated spermine as potential specific staging biomarker (AUC = 0.882). CONCLUSION Ours is the first metabolomics study conducted in urine of a thoroughly characterized cohort comprising all stages of NMIBC, MIBC and healthy controls in which we identified non-invasive diagnostic and staging biomarkers. These may improve BC management, thus reducing the use of current harmful diagnostic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Pardo
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Roca
- Analytical Unit Platform, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Plana
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.,Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Cana
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Herranz
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Ardavín
- Urology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - César David Vera-Donoso
- Urology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sarmiento
- Urology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain. .,IIS La Fe-Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Torre A, 5ª Planta, Lab. 5-09, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Varvil MS, Bailey T, Dhawan D, Knapp DW, Ramos-Vara JA, dos Santos AP. The miRNome of canine invasive urothelial carcinoma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:945638. [PMID: 36072391 PMCID: PMC9443663 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.945638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) comprises up to 2% of all naturally occurring neoplasia in dogs and can be challenging to diagnose. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be dysregulated in numerous diseases, including neoplasia. MiRNA expression has been evaluated in human UC, but there is limited information regarding the miRNA transcriptome of UC in dogs. Our study aimed to evaluate differential miRNA expression in bladder tissue collected from normal canine urothelium and canine invasive UC (iUC) to elucidate the dysregulated pathways in canine UC. Next-Generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed for dogs with UC (n = 29) and normal canine urothelium (n = 4). Raw RNA data were subjected to normalization, and pairwise comparison was performed using EdgeR with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR multiple testing correction (p < 0.05; >2-fold change) comparing tissue samples of normal urothelium to canine iUC samples. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. MiRNA of FFPE tissue samples of separate iUC (n = 5) and normal urothelium (n = 5) were used to evaluate five miRNAs using RT-qPCR. Pathway analysis was performed utilizing miRWalk, STRING database, and Metascape utilizing KEGG pathways and GO terms databases. Twenty-eight miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) by RNA-Seq. RT-qPCR confirmed that four miRNAs are significantly downregulated in UC compared to healthy urothelial samples (miR-105a, miR-143, miR-181a, and miR-214). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed separation between miRNAs in iUC and the control group. The DE miRNAs are most often associated with gene silencing by miRNA, miRNAs in cancer, and miRNAs involved in DNA damage responses. Proteins involved include HRAS, KRAS, ARAF, RAF1, MAPK1, MAP2K1, MAPK3, FGFR3, EGFR, HBEGF, RASSF1, E2F2, E2F3, ERBB2, SRC, MMP1, and UP3KA. The differential expression of miRNAs in canine iUC compared to normal canine urothelial tissue indicates that these markers should be further evaluated for their potential role as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara S. Varvil
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Taylor Bailey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A. Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea P. dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrea P. dos Santos
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morgan R, da Silveira WA, Kelly RC, Overton I, Allott EH, Hardiman G. Long non-coding RNAs and their potential impact on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in prostate cancer: racial, ethnic, and geographical considerations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1257-1271. [PMID: 34666586 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1996227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in high-throughput sequencing have greatly advanced our understanding of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a relatively short period of time. This has expanded our knowledge of cancer, particularly how lncRNAs drive many important cancer phenotypes via their regulation of gene expression. AREAS COVERED Men of African descent are disproportionately affected by PC in terms of incidence, morbidity, and mortality. LncRNAs could serve as biomarkers to differentiate low-risk from high-risk diseases. Additionally, they may represent therapeutic targets for advanced and castrate-resistant cancer. We review current research surrounding lncRNAs and their association with PC. We discuss how lncRNAs can provide new insights and diagnostic biomarkers for African American men. Finally, we review advances in computational approaches that predict the regulatory effects of lncRNAs in cancer. EXPERT OPINION PC diagnostic biomarkers that offer high specificity and sensitivity are urgently needed. PC specific lncRNAs are compelling as diagnostic biomarkers owing to their high tissue and tumor specificity and presence in bodily fluids. Recent studies indicate that PCA3 clinical utility might be restricted to men of European descent. Further work is required to develop lncRNA biomarkers tailored for men of African descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Willian Abraham da Silveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryan Christopher Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian Overton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma H Allott
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Herranz R, Oto J, Plana E, Fernández-Pardo Á, Cana F, Martínez-Sarmiento M, Vera-Donoso CD, España F, Medina P. Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Liquid Biopsies as Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1448. [PMID: 33810039 PMCID: PMC8005001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most frequent cancer types in the world and is the most lethal urological malignancy. Presently, diagnostic and follow-up methods for BC are expensive and invasive. Thus, the identification of novel predictive biomarkers for diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of BC is of paramount importance. To date, several studies have evidenced that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) found in liquid biopsies such as blood and urine may play a role in the particular scenario of urologic tumors, and its analysis may improve BC diagnosis report about cancer progression or even evaluate the effectiveness of a specific treatment or anticipate whether a treatment would be useful for a specific patient depending on the tumor characteristics. In the present review, we have summarized the up-to-date studies evaluating the value of cfDNA as potential diagnostic, prognostic, or monitoring biomarker for BC in several biofluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herranz
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Emma Plana
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Pardo
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Fernando Cana
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sarmiento
- Department of Urology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (C.D.V.-D.)
| | - César D. Vera-Donoso
- Department of Urology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (C.D.V.-D.)
| | - Francisco España
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.H.); (J.O.); (E.P.); (Á.F.-P.); (F.C.); (F.E.)
| |
Collapse
|