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Rizavas I, Gournellis R, Douzenis P, Efstathiou V, Bali P, Lagouvardos K, Douzenis A. A Systematic Review on the Impact of Seasonality on Severe Mental Illness Admissions: Does Seasonal Variation Affect Coercion? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2155. [PMID: 37570395 PMCID: PMC10418389 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coercion in psychiatry is associated mainly with involuntary admissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between hospital admissions of patients suffering from affective and schizophrenic disorders and seasonality. A systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted, including studies with affective and schizophrenia disorder admissions, published from October 1992 to August 2020. A total of 31 studies were included in the review. Four broad severe mental illness admission categories were identified regarding seasonality: affective disorders, schizophrenia disorders, involuntary admission affective disorders and involuntary admission schizophrenia disorders. There was clear and strong evidence for spring and summer peaks for severe mental illness admissions; data provided for age, gender and involuntary admissions was limited. Seasonality may have a significant effect on the onset and exacerbation of psychopathology of severe mental illness and should be considered as a risk factor in psychiatric admissions, violence and the risk of mental health coercion. A better understanding of the impact of seasonality on severe mental illness will help professionals to provide the best practices in mental health services in order to reduce and prevent psychiatric hospitalizations (especially involuntary admissions) resulting in further coercive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Rizavas
- Psychiatric Hospital of Attica “Dafni”, 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Rossetos Gournellis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece; (R.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Phoebe Douzenis
- Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Vasiliki Efstathiou
- Postgraduate Program “Liaison Psychiatry Integrative Care of Physical and Mental Health”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Bali
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece; (R.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Kostas Lagouvardos
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, 15236 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Douzenis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece; (R.G.); (A.D.)
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Aljuaid NH, Alharbi MF. The Relationship Between Workplace Incivility and Patient Safety in Pediatric Nurses. J Nurs Care Qual 2023; 38:211-219. [PMID: 36729668 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace incivility may directly influence nurses' involvement in patient safety; however, research on this topic in the pediatric setting has yet to be established. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to address the prevalence of workplace incivility in pediatric settings in Saudi Arabia (SA) and examine its impact on patient safety culture. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Surveys, including the Nursing Incivility Scale and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, were sent to nurses across 6 pediatric units in Taif, SA. RESULTS A total of 300 nurses completed the surveys. A significant negative modest correlation was found between incivility and patient safety domains ( P < .05). A higher stress score was associated with older age (>35 years), Saudi nationality, and subdegree education. CONCLUSION This study found that pediatric nurses experience high rates of incivility, mostly originating from patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noof H Aljuaid
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia (Ms Aljuaid); and Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Dr Alharbi)
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3
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Khanagar SB, Aldawas I, Almutairi A, Alamro M, Altammami N, Aldakhil S, Hodan S. Dental Students' Experience, Impact, and Response to Patient Aggression in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2239. [PMID: 36360580 PMCID: PMC9690685 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient aggression and violence comprise a wide range of behaviors and actions that may include verbal aggression and physical aggression. The aim of this study is to report dental students' experience with, impact from, and response to patient aggression in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among dental students from various health universities representing each region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a self-administered, structured and validated questionnaire. A total of 375 participants responded to the questionnaire and 121 (32.3%) study participants reported experiencing patient aggression. Out of those, 91 (75.21%) experienced patients displaying anger or raising their voice toward them, 37 (30.58%) reported being insulted by a patient, 22 (18.18%) reported being threatened, 12 (6.2%) had experienced sexual harassment, and 65 (50.41%) had experienced verbal harassment. Furthermore, 91 (75.21%) participants reported being abandoned by patients because they were students. A total of 55 (45.45%) participants stated that aggressive patient behavior had an impact on their clinical performance, and 44 (36.36%) considered themselves stressed out. A total of 24 (19.83%) participants took time off due to incidents and 22 (18.18%) thought about quitting dentistry. Prevalence of patient aggression was significant among dental students in Saudi Arabia. These episodes of patient aggression negatively impacted students' academic performance and wellbeing, necessitating urgent attention. Educational institutions should conduct periodic workshops for students in order to address these issues. Policymakers should develop better policies in order to reduce violence and aggression against health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B. Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown 413741, Guyana
| | - Ibrahim Aldawas
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alamro
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Altammami
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Aldakhil
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Hodan
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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Colin R, Wild P, Paris C, Boini S. Facteurs psychosociaux et accidents du travail, que dit la littérature ? ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Ogbozor P, Onwujekwe O, Balabanova D, Odii A, Agwu P, McKee M, Obi U, Orjiakor CT, Hutchinson E. The Gendered Drivers of Absenteeism in the Nigerian Health System. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:1267-1277. [PMID: 35801868 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to deliver primary care in Nigeria is undermined by chronic absenteeism but an understanding of its drivers is needed if effective responses are to be developed. While there is a small but growing body of relevant research, the gendered dynamics of absenteeism remain largely unexplored. We apply a gendered perspective to understanding absenteeism and propose targeted strategies that appear likely to reduce it. We did so by means of a qualitative study that was part of a larger project examining corruption within the health system in six primary healthcare facilities across rural and urban regions in Enugu State, south-east Nigeria. We conducted thirty in-depth interviews with frontline health workers, healthcare managers, and community members of the health facility committee. Six Focus Group Discussions were held with male and female service users. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described markedly gendered differences in the factors contributing to health worker absenteeism that were related to gender norms. Absence by female health workers was attributed to domestic and caregiving responsibilities, including housekeeping, childcare, cooking, washing, and non-commercial farming used to support their families. Male health workers were most often absent to fulfil expectations related to their role as breadwinners, with dual practice and work in other sectors to generate additional income generation as their formal salaries were considered irregular and poor. Demands arising from sociocultural and religious events affected the attendance of both male and female health workers. Both men and women were subject to sanctions, but managers and facility chairs were more lenient with women when absence was due to caregiving and other domestic responsibilities. In summary, gender roles influence absenteeism amongst primary healthcare workers in Nigeria and thus should be taken into account in developing nuanced responses that take account of the social, economic, and cultural factors that underpin these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ogbozor
- Health Policy Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Psychology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Onwujekwe
- Health Policy Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Aloysius Odii
- Health Policy Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Prince Agwu
- Health Policy Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Uche Obi
- Health Policy Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Charles Tochukwu Orjiakor
- Health Policy Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Bacong AM, Đoàn LN. Immigration and the Life Course: Contextualizing and Understanding Healthcare Access and Health of Older Adult Immigrants. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1228-1243. [PMID: 35641140 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immigrant health discussions often focus on acculturation and omit discussions on historical events that may underlie health differences among immigrant older adults. This paper provides a historical overview of immigration policy and flows to the U.S. and examines insurance access and health difficulties by sending country. METHODS We analyzed the "Immigrants Admitted to the United States, Fiscal Years 1972-2000" and 2015-2019 American Community Survey datasets to examine the number of admitted immigrants, sociodemographic profiles for current immigrant older adults, and the predicted probabilities of health insurance access and health difficulties. RESULTS Our results highlight alignment of immigration flows with immigration legislation and vast heterogeneity in migration, health, and healthcare access of immigrants by sending country. DISCUSSION/IMPLICATIONS Public health practitioners must consider how historical events and social factors contribute to the healthcare access and health of immigrant populations, as demographic shifts will require interventions that promote equitable healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Bacong
- Department of Community Health Sciences, 25808UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lan N Đoàn
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Varghese A, Joseph J, Vijay VR, Khakha DC, Dhandapani M, Gigini G, Kaimal R. Prevalence and determinants of workplace violence among nurses in the South‐East Asian and Western Pacific Regions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15987 ; pmid: 34351652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abin Varghese
- College of Nursing Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreICMR Bhopal India
| | - Jaison Joseph
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing College of Nursing Pt. B. D. Sharma University of health Sciences Rohtak India
| | - V. R. Vijay
- College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar India
| | - Deepika C Khakha
- College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Manju Dhandapani
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER National Institute of Nursing Education Chandigarh India
| | - George Gigini
- College of Nursing Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreICMR Bhopal India
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8
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Atashzadeh Shoorideh F, Moosavi S, Balouchi A. Incivility toward nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Ethics Hist Med 2022; 14:15. [PMID: 35035802 PMCID: PMC8696574 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v14i15.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One important part of a nurse’s job is to create and help maintain a safe work environment. Evidence shows that negative behaviors such as incivility are not uncommon in the nursing profession. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of incivility toward nurses. For this purpose, all observational studies that primarily investigated the rate of incivility toward nurses were selected. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Magiran, IranDoc, and Scopus were searched for studies published during the period of January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2019. The quality of studies was assessed using Hoy’s Critical Assessment Checklist. The study was undertaken using the random effects model, and data were analyzed using STATA14. Data on 60 articles, including data on 30801 individuals, published between 1997 and 2019, entered the study. The findings showed the prevalence of incivility to be 55.10% (95%, CI: 48.05, 62.06). Due to the high prevalence of uncivil behavior, especially of the verbal type, nursing managers should identify risk factors in the workplace. Planners should develop programs to increase workplace safety, especially in centers that are most exposed to these behaviors. It is also recommended that future studies focus on implementation of effective evidence-based interventions based on organizational culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
- Professor, Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soolmaz Moosavi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Balouchi
- Student Research Committee, PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Varghese A, Joseph J, Vijay VR, Khakha DC, Dhandapani M, Gigini G, Kaimal R. Prevalence and determinants of workplace violence among nurses in the South-East Asian and Western Pacific Regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:798-819. [PMID: 34351652 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) includes verbal abuse, physical violence, bullying or mobbing, assault and sexual harassment. The area has been well researched in the developed and high-income countries among nurses and healthcare professionals, but in the case of the low and upper-middle-income countries, there remains a paucity of comprehensive data on the prevalence of WPV and its contributing factors. AIMS To estimate the prevalence and determinants of WPV among nurses working in the South-East Asian Region and Western Pacific Regions. DESIGN Systematic review and Meta-analysis. METHOD A comprehensive search was done to retrieve articles based on a PRISMA compliant protocol registered in PROSPERO: CRD 42020223605. Study selection, quality assessment and data abstraction were independently done by the team members and discrepancies addressed through mutual consensus. Random-effect meta-analysis, I2 statistics and subgroup analysis were done. RESULTS The review included 41 studies conducted among 42,222 nurses from 13 countries. The pooled prevalence of WPV, verbal abuse, physical violence, threatening behaviour, physical assault, sexual harassment and bullying/mobbing were 58% (CI 51%-64%), 64% (CI 59%-70%), 23% (CI 14%-34%), 30(CI-11%-52%), 21% (CI 8%-38%), 12% (CI 7%-17%) and 25% (17%-33%), respectively. The various determinants of WPV included attributes related to the patient, nurses and organisation. Moreover, the impact of WPV included physical, psychological repercussions on nurses and the various measures used to manage it. CONCLUSION Nurses encounter a high level of WPV especially verbal abuse in their workplace settings. Nursing councils and professional nursing organisations should put in their effort towards the formulation and implementation of occupational safety legislation in their respective countries through appropriate political lobbying. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our review highlights the emerging need to focus on the prevention of WPV among nurses working in lower, middle and upper-middle-income countries. Legislation changes and organisational commitment are vital for ensuring effective policies to combat WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Varghese
- College of Nursing, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, ICMR, Bhopal, India
| | - Jaison Joseph
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - V R Vijay
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Deepika C Khakha
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Dhandapani
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER, National Institute of Nursing Education, Chandigarh, India
| | - George Gigini
- College of Nursing, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, ICMR, Bhopal, India
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Alharbi FF, Alzneidi NA, Aljbli GH, Morad SA, Alsubaie EG, Mahmoud MA, Al-Dubai SA, Nakshabandi FA, Bin Saleh S. Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Medical City in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e14836. [PMID: 34123608 PMCID: PMC8191849 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Workplace violence is a common problem that is encountered by healthcare workers worldwide; however, it is still under-studied in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of workplace violence and to explore reasons for not reporting it among healthcare workers in a tertiary medical city in Riyadh. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 healthcare workers who had direct contact with patients or their relatives in a tertiary care medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software Package (SPSS; IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results Most participants (81.4%) had experienced verbal, physical, academic, or sexual violence. Approximately 39.6% of those who experienced workplace violence did not report the incident, and the most common reason for not reporting was identified as “reporting would not accomplish anything” (49.4%). About 27.5% of violence victims did not know how to report the incidents. Patients or their relatives were the main sources of violence across all violence categories except academic violence, in which consultant physicians were the main source. Conclusions The prevalence of workplace violence in the population studied was higher than anticipated compared to similar studies both in Saudi Arabia and globally. Almost half of those who were subjected to violence did not report the incident, believing that reporting would not change anything. There is arguably an urgent need to develop strategies that reduce workplace violence and facilitate reporting it in hospitals. Moreover, awareness programs regarding the negative impacts of violence against healthcare workers on the quality of care are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares F Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Department of Mental Health, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.,Department of Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nowar A Alzneidi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ghaida H Aljbli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sarah A Morad
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ettab G Alsubaie
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.,Department of Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Public Health, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sami A Al-Dubai
- Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Post Graduate Studies, Saudi Ministry of Health, Medina, SAU
| | - Firas A Nakshabandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.,Mental Health Department, Empathic Resonance, LLC, Chicago, USA
| | - Saleh Bin Saleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.,Department of Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
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11
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Assessing civility at an academic health science center: Implications for employee satisfaction and well-being. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247715. [PMID: 33635902 PMCID: PMC7909676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incivilities are pervasive among workers in healthcare institutions. Previously identified effects include deterioration of employee physical and mental health, absenteeism, burnout, and turnover, as well as reduced patient safety and quality of care. This study documented factors related to organizational civility at an academic health sciences center (AHSC) as the basis for future intervention work. We used a cross-sectional research design to conduct an online survey at four of five campuses of an AHSC. Using the Organizational Civility Scale (OCS), we assessed differences across gender, race (White and non-White) and job type (faculty or staff) in the eleven subscales (frequency of incivility, perceptions of organizational climate, existence of civility resources, importance of civility resources, feelings about current employment, employee satisfaction, sources of stress, coping strategies, overall levels of stress/coping ability, and overall civility rating). Significant gender differences were found in six of the eleven subscales: perception of organizational climate (p < .001), existence of civility resources (p = .001), importance of civility resources (p < .001), frequency of incivilities (p < .001), employee satisfaction (p = .002), and overall civility rating (p = .007). Significant differences between respondents by self-identified race were found only in one subscale: existence of civility resources (p = .048). Significant differences were found between faculty and staff in four subscales: perception of organizational climate (p = .001), importance of civility resources (p = .02), employee satisfaction (p = .01), and overall levels of stress (p = .03). Results suggest that gender and employment type differences exist in the perception of organizational climate at the academic health center, while significant racial differences only occurred in reference to reported existence of civility resources. Attention to these differences should be incorporated into the development of programs to address the problem.
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Owona Manga L, Lompo Sanon M, Aka I, Guiegui C, Nouya Yondjeu A, Wognin Sangah B. Les violences subies par les agents de sécurité à Douala, Cameroun. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Matsumoto Y, Yoshioka SI. Factors Influencing Psychiatric Nurses' Job Satisfaction Levels: Focusing on Their Frequency of Experiencing Negative Emotions Toward Patients and Support at Their Workplaces. Yonago Acta Med 2019; 62:293-304. [PMID: 31849569 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background We examined factors influencing psychiatric nurses' job satisfaction levels focusing on their frequency of experiencing negative emotions toward patients and support at their workplaces. Methods An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted involving 1,097 psychiatric nurses working at 13 psychiatric hospitals in the Chugoku area to investigate their basic attributes, work-related factors, and scores from 3 scales: the Negative Feeling toward Patient Frequency scale, an original support-in-workplace scale, and the new Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (job stress and satisfaction). Correlations between basic attributes/work-related factors and scores from each scale, and the relationships among the study items were analyzed. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was performed using the job satisfaction level. Results The subjects were the 577 psychiatric nurses who returned valid responses without missing data (response rate: 60.4%, valid responses: 87.0%). The subjects were the 577 psychiatric nurses who returned valid responses without missing data (response rate: 60.4%, valid responses: 87.0%). To clarify the level of influence on the job satisfaction level of each variable, logistic regression analysis was performed adopting the stepwise method for all of the items that were correlated with the job satisfaction level as a dependent variable. Support (from supervisors) at the workplace (OR: 1.069), job stress (OR: 0.751), Negative Feeling toward Patient Frequency-Total scale scores (OR: 0.980) were found to influence the job satisfaction level. Conclusion Support from supervisors may be indispensable, and working environments that reduce job stress and negative emotions toward patients may be required to increase the job satisfaction levels of psychiatric nurses. This survey suggested that the establishment and maintenance of favorable working environments and interpersonal relationships increase job satisfaction levels while reducing stress, thereby improving job retention among psychiatric nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing, Hatsukaichi 783-0052, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yoshioka
- Department of Nursing Care Environment and Mental Health, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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14
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Gee GC, de Castro A, Crespi C, Wang M, Hing A, Bacong A, Llave K. Pre-acculturation as a risk factor for obesity: Findings from the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES). SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100482. [PMID: 31709297 PMCID: PMC6831884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immigrants to the United States may have an advantage in terms of healthier weight, but tend to gain excessive weight after arrival, and may suffer from obesity and related health conditions. Acculturation theory suggests that this increase in obesity risk is due to adoption of unhealthy western dietary behaviors, and assumes that "eastern/traditional" dietary behaviors prior to migration are healthier. While this assumption is supported by studies conducted several decades ago, the phenomenon of globalization that has risen since the 1990s has increased exposure to western ideas and behaviors in communities worldwide. Hence, today's immigrants are more likely to have already adopted less healthy behaviors that increase obesity risk prior to their arrival in the U.S., a phenomenon we term "pre-acculturation." The present study investigates the role of pre-acculturation in obesity development among immigrants from the Philippines. Data come from the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study, fielded in 2017 (n = 1632). Pre-acculturation was measured with English proficiency, preparation to migrate, receiving care packages, texting, telephone, or internet contact with friends/family in the U.S. Outcomes included the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR). Covariates included age, gender, education, financial strain, physical activity, and diet. Migrants reported greater English proficiency, preparation, and a slightly lower WHtR than non-migrants, but did not differ on BMI, WC, or WHR. Preparation was associated with greater BMI, WC, and WHtR, and the effects of preparation status differed by migration status. Among migrants, more preparation was associated with greater BMI, WC, and WtHR. Further, among non-migrants, texting and telephone communications was related to lower BMI, WC, and WHR. In summary, pre-acculturation may be a risk factor for obesity in the Philippines, suggesting that binary notions of "Western" versus "eastern/traditional" cultures may be too simplistic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - May Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Anna Hing
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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15
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Akbolat M, Sezer C, Ünal Ö, Amarat M, Durmuş A. The effects of direct violence and witnessed violence on the future fear of violence and turnover intention: A study of health employees. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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FISCHER FM, SILVA-COSTA A, GRIEP RH, SMOLENSKY MH, BOHLE P, ROTENBERG L. Working Time Society consensus statements: Psychosocial stressors relevant to the health and wellbeing of night and shift workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:175-183. [PMID: 30700668 PMCID: PMC6449638 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This consensus report summarizes the negative impact of work-related psychosocial factors and job stressors on the health and wellbeing of shift workers. Psychosocial factors may (a) directly affect work schedules or (b) mediate or moderate relationships between work schedules, circadian factors, and health. In this paper, prominent psychosocial models (e.g. Job Strain and Effort-Reward Imbalance) are used to help assess detrimental effects, including pathophysiologic outcomes. Several studies indicate the psychosocial environment can be more problematic for shift workers compared to regular day workers. This is likely due to shift worker's experiencing greater risks of low job control, high physical work demands, lower support from supervisors, and greater levels of over-commitment. Workplace violence is another frequently encountered psychosocial stressor for shift workers more likely to be in regular contact with the general public, such as police officers, security personnel, professional drivers, and other service employees being at elevated risk. A large body of literature confirms night and irregular shift schedules increase risk for injury. Non-diurnal schedules can trigger and worsen such incidents, especially under unsafe conditions. The problem of workplace violence for shift workers, in terms of severity and consequences, is probably underestimated, especially when present among other occupational stressors. Practical considerations and recommendations for action to mitigate the detrimental effects of psychosocial stressors on night and shift workers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Marina FISCHER
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health,
University of São Paulo, Brazil
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Aline SILVA-COSTA
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of
Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Harter GRIEP
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz
Institute, Brazil
| | - Michael H. SMOLENSKY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Philip BOHLE
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney,
Australia
| | - Lucia ROTENBERG
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz
Institute, Brazil
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17
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Konttila J, Pesonen HM, Kyngäs H. Violence committed against nursing staff by patients in psychiatric outpatient settings. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:1592-1605. [PMID: 29766630 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Violence against nurses has increased particularly in psychiatric outpatient settings as psychiatric care shifts from being inpatient-based to being outpatient-based. Violence is a complex phenomenon that must be explored in different psychiatric nursing environments and settings. Violence in psychiatric outpatient settings should especially be explored as violence in this context has scarcely been examined. The aim of this systematic review was to elucidate violence committed against nursing staff by patients in adult psychiatric outpatient settings, based on reports from previous studies. A literature search was conducted in the CINAHL (EBSCO), Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycARTICLES (Ovid) databases. Fourteen studies emerged after the selection and quality assessment process. These studies indicated that violence in psychiatric outpatient settings is a multidimensional phenomenon comprising the reasons for, forms of, and consequences of violence. Reasons for violence could be related to the patient as well as to nursing staff. In psychiatric outpatient settings, verbal violence was the most common form of violence, and violence most frequently led to psychological consequences for nursing staff. The findings of this review highlight the importance of nursing staff developing skills and interventions for managing different kinds of violent situations. Given the multidimensional consequences of violence, attention must be given to the occupational well-being and coping ability of nursing staff at work. Furthermore, it would be worthwhile to compare cultural and intercountry differences of violent exposures in psychiatric outpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Konttila
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Helvi Kyngäs
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu Finland, Oulu, Finland
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18
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Hills D, Lam L, Hills S. Workplace aggression experiences and responses of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel. Collegian 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Benmore G, Henderson S, Mountfield J, Wink B. The Stopit! programme to reduce bullying and undermining behaviour in hospitals. J Health Organ Manag 2018; 32:428-443. [PMID: 29771207 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-02-2018-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The impact of bullying and undermining behaviours on the National Health Service on costs, patient safety and retention of staff was well understood even before the Illing report, published in 2013, that reviewed the efficacy of training interventions designed to reduce bullying and harassment in the outputs. The purpose of this paper is to provide an example of a good programme well evaluated. Design/methodology/approach The methodology follows a broad realist approach, by specifying the underlying programme assumptions and intention of the designers. Three months after the event, Q-sort methodology was employed to group participants into one of three contexts - mechanism - output groups. Interviews were then undertaken with members of two of these groups, to evaluate how the programme had influenced each. Findings Q-sort identified a typology of three beneficiaries from the Stopit! workshops, characterised as professionals, colleagues and victims. Each group had acted upon different parts of the programme, depending chiefly upon their current and past experiences of bullying in hospitals. Research limitations/implications The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using Q-sort method to identify relevant CMOs in a realist evaluation framework. Practical implications The paper considers the effectiveness of the programme to reduce bullying, rather than teach victims to cope, and how it may be strengthened based upon the research findings and Illing recommendations. Social implications Workplace bullying is invariably implicated in scandals concerning poor hospital practice, poor patient outcomes and staff illness. All too frequently, the sector responds by offering training in resilience, which though helpful, places the onus on the victim to cope rather than the employer to reduce or eliminate the practice. This paper documents and evaluates an attempt to change workplace practices to directly address bullying and undermining. Originality/value The paper describes a new programme broadly consistent with Illing report endorsements. Second, it illustrates a novel evaluation method that highlights rigorously the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes at the pilot stage of an intervention identifies contexts and mechanisms via factor analysis using Q-sort methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Benmore
- School of Business and Law, Southampton Solent University , Southampton, UK
| | - Steven Henderson
- Research and Innovation Unit, Southampton Solent University , Southampton, UK
| | - Joanna Mountfield
- Training, Development and Workforce, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , Southampton, UK
| | - Brian Wink
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Southampton Solent University , Southampton, UK
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20
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Noorana Zahra A, Feng JY. Workplace violence against nurses in Indonesian emergency departments. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-8621(18)30064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Patient Aggression and the Wellbeing of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Psychiatric and Non-Psychiatric Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101245. [PMID: 29057802 PMCID: PMC5664746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wellbeing of nurses is associated with patient aggression. Little is known about the differences in these associations between nurses working in different specialties. We aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of patient aggression and the associations between patient aggression and the wellbeing of nurses in psychiatric and non-psychiatric specialties (medical and surgical, and emergency medicine). A sample of 5288 nurses (923 psychiatric nurses, 4070 medical and surgical nurses, 295 emergency nurses) participated in the study. Subjective measures were used to assess both the occurrence of patient aggression and the wellbeing of nurses (self-rated health, sleep disturbances, psychological distress and perceived work ability). Binary logistic regression with interaction terms was used to compare the associations between patient aggression and the wellbeing of nurses. Psychiatric nurses reported all types of patient aggression more frequently than medical and surgical nurses, whereas nurses working in emergency settings reported physical violence and verbal aggression more frequently than psychiatric nurses. Psychiatric nurses reported poor self-rated health and reduced work ability more frequently than both of the non-psychiatric nursing groups, whereas medical and surgical nurses reported psychological distress and sleep disturbances more often. Psychiatric nurses who had experienced at least one type of patient aggression or mental abuse in the previous year, were less likely to suffer from psychological distress and sleep disturbances compared to medical and surgical nurses. Psychiatric nurses who had experienced physical assaults and armed threats were less likely to suffer from sleep disturbances compared to nurses working in emergency settings. Compared to medical and surgical nurses, psychiatric nurses face patient aggression more often, but certain types of aggression are more common in emergency settings. Psychiatric nurses have worse subjective health and work ability than both of the non-psychiatric nursing groups, while their psychiatric wellbeing is better and they have less sleep problems compared to medical and surgical nurses. Psychiatric nurses maintain better psychiatric wellbeing and experience fewer sleep problems than non-psychiatric nurses after events of exposure to patient aggression. This suggest that more attention should be given to non-psychiatric settings for maintaining the wellbeing of nurses after exposure to patient aggression.
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Jalil R, Huber JW, Sixsmith J, Dickens GL. Mental health nurses’ emotions, exposure to patient aggression, attitudes to and use of coercive measures: Cross sectional questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 75:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Forté L, Lanctôt N, Geoffrion S, Marchand A, Guay S. Experiencing violence in a psychiatric setting: Generalized hypervigilance and the influence of caring in the fear experienced. Work 2017; 57:55-67. [PMID: 28506014 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to violence in the mental health sector both affects employees and has implications for the quality of care provided. OBJECTIVE This phenomenological study aims to describe and understand the ways in which acts of aggression from a patient might affect workers in a psychiatric institute, their relationships with the patients and the services offered. METHODS Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the 15 participants from various professions within a psychiatric hospital. RESULTS Our analysis reveals four themes: hypervigilance, caring, specific fear toward the aggressor and generalized fear of all patients. A state of hypervigilance is found among all participants. An emphasis on caring is present among the majority and unfolds as a continuum, ranging from being highly caring to showing little or no caring. A feeling of fear is expressed and is influenced by the participant's place on the caring continuum. Caring workers developed a specific fear of their aggressor, whereas those showing little or no caring developed a generalized fear of all patients. Following a violent event, caring participants maintained this outlook, whereas those demonstrating little to no caring were more inclined to disinvest from all patients. CONCLUSIONS Hypervigilance and fear caused by experiences of violence impact the quality of care provided. Considerable interest should thus be paid to caring, which can influence fear and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Forté
- VISAGE Research Team, Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Criminology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lanctôt
- VISAGE Research Team, Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Criminology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- VISAGE Research Team, Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André Marchand
- VISAGE Research Team, Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- VISAGE Research Team, Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Criminology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Lamothe J, Guay S. Workplace violence and the meaning of work in healthcare workers: A phenomenological study. Work 2017; 56:185-197. [PMID: 28211836 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) has been associated with turnover intentions and reduced job satisfaction, yet the mechanisms behind such associations are still nebulous. Studying the way people make sense of their work in the context of WPV could lead to a better understanding of its consequences. PURPOSE The objective of this exploratory study is to identify key features of meaning of work (MOW) in a group of healthcare workers and explain how these features can change following an act of WPV. METHODS Researchers recruited 15 healthcare workers (11 women - 4 men) who had previously been the victim of a serious physical or sexual assault by a patient. A phenomenological approach was used. RESULTS Two main themes were identified: MOW and relationships with others and MOW and relationship with the self. WPV might have the potential to trigger negative changes in the way some workers perceive their colleagues, their patients and their organisation. It can also interfere with their sense of self-accomplishment; all workers however, were still able to find positive meaning in 'contribution' and 'autonomy'. CONCLUSION WPV has the potential to change certain aspects of MOW that could help explain why WPV is associated with lowered job satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and higher turnover. Also, finding meaning through contribution and autonomy can be a form of resilience.
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25
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Brann M, Hartley D. Nursing student evaluation of NIOSH workplace violence prevention for nurses online course. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2017; 60:85-91. [PMID: 28160818 PMCID: PMC10472970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As primary targets of workplace violence in health care settings, nurses may suffer negative physical and psychological consequences. NIOSH created an online course to educate nurses about violence prevention techniques. METHOD A mixed-methods approach assessed workplace violence awareness and knowledge among nursing students. A pre/post/post-test survey and focus group discussions evaluated participant awareness and knowledge, assessed course design, and solicited recommendations for increasing participation and strategies for improving message retention. RESULTS The mean awareness scores differed significantly between pre-course and both post-course time points (Wilk's λ=0.319, F(2, 46)=49.01, p<0.001). Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that course participation increased awareness of workplace violence from pre-course scores (M=0.75, SD=0.438) to immediate post-course (M=2.13, SD=0.789) and four-week post-course (M=1.96, SD=0.771) scores on a 3-item measure. Similarly, mean knowledge scores increased between pre-course and both post-course time points (Wilk's λ=0.495, F(1.57, 73.66)=37.26, p<0.001). Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that course participation increased knowledge of workplace violence from pre-course scores (M=6.65, SD=1.45) to immediate post-course (M=8.56, SD=1.32) and four-week post-course (M=8.19, SD=1.42) scores on a 10-item measure. Qualitative data from the focus groups reinforced the quantitative findings. Participants citing benefits from the content strongly recommended including the course in nursing curriculums. Incorporating the course early in the nursing educational experience will better prepare students to deal with workplace violence when they enter health care professions. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that NIOSH and its partners created an effective online workplace violence awareness and prevention course. Practical applications: Nursing students and professionals can be effectively educated about workplace violence using an online format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Brann
- Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University, 425 University Blvd., CA 309, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
| | - Dan Hartley
- NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS1811, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
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26
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Tonso MA, Prematunga RK, Norris SJ, Williams L, Sands N, Elsom SJ. Workplace Violence in Mental Health: A Victorian Mental Health Workforce Survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2016; 25:444-51. [PMID: 27339029 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The international literature suggests workplace violence in mental health settings is a significant issue, yet little is known about the frequency, nature, severity and health consequences of staff exposure to violence in Australian mental health services. To address this gap, we examined these aspects of workplace violence as reported by mental health services employees in Victoria, Australia. The project used a cross-sectional, exploratory descriptive design. A random sample of 1600 Health and Community Services Union members were invited to complete a survey investigating exposure to violence in the workplace, and related psychological health outcomes. Participants comprised employees from multiple disciplines including nursing, social work, occupational therapy, psychology and administration staff. A total of 411 members responded to the survey (26% response rate). Of the total sample, 83% reported exposure to at least one form of violence in the previous 12 months. The most frequently reported form of violence was verbal abuse (80%) followed by physical violence (34%) and then bullying/mobbing (30%). Almost one in three victims of violence (33%) rated themselves as being in psychological distress, 54% of whom reported being in severe psychological distress. The more forms of violence to which victims were exposed, the greater the frequency of reports of psychological distress. Workplace violence is prevalent in mental health facilities in Victoria. The nature, severity and health impact of this violence represents a serious safety concern for mental health employees. Strategies must be considered and implemented by healthcare management and policy makers to reduce and prevent violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshani Kanchana Prematunga
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lloyd Williams
- Health and Community Services Union, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natisha Sands
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Waterfront Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Elsom
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Alkorashy HAE, Al Moalad FB. Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital. Int Nurs Rev 2016; 63:226-32. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Ezzat Alkorashy
- Nursing Administration Department; Faculty of Nursing; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
- Nursing Administration and Education Department; College of Nursing; King Saud University; Riyadh KSA Saudi Arabia
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28
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Workplace Violence: A Survey of Nationally Registered Emergency Medical Services Professionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/137246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on violence against prehospital personnel have mainly reported on “verbal” and “physical” violence. This study explored how provider demographic and work-related characteristics were associated with five different forms of workplace violence (being cursed or threatened; being punched, slapped, or scratched; being spat upon; being stabbed/stabbing attempt; and being shot/shooting attempt). A cohort of nationally registered United States Emergency Medical Services professionals was surveyed to determine the experience of each of these types of patient initiated violence by these providers and their partners. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated gender was significantly associated with both being cursed/threatened and being stabbed or experiencing a stabbing attempt (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, CI = 0.44–0.96; OR = 0.27, CI = 0.09–0.75, resp.). Level of EMT practice was significantly associated with being cursed/threatened, being spat upon, and being punched, slapped, or scratched (OR = 0.17, CI = 0.11–0.27; OR = 0.30, CI = 0.21–0.43; OR = 0.31, CI = 0.22–0.44, resp.). Both community size and experience were significantly associated with all the types of violence investigated. EMS workplace violence research is at its infancy; thus this study adds to a limited but growing body of knowledge.
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Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Essenmacher L, Upfal MJ, Ager J, Luborsky M. Understanding patient-to-worker violence in hospitals: a qualitative analysis of documented incident reports. J Adv Nurs 2014; 71:338-48. [PMID: 25091833 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore catalysts to, and circumstances surrounding, patient-to-worker violent incidents recorded by employees in a hospital system database. BACKGROUND Violence by patients towards healthcare workers (Type II workplace violence) is a significant occupational hazard in hospitals worldwide. Studies to date have failed to investigate its root causes due to a lack of empirical research based on documented episodes of patient violence. DESIGN Qualitative content analysis. METHODS Content analysis was conducted on the total sample of 214 Type II incidents documented in 2011 by employees of an American hospital system with a centralized reporting system. FINDINGS The majority of incidents were reported by nurses (39·8%), security staff (15·9%) and nurse assistants (14·4%). Three distinct themes were identified from the analysis: Patient Behaviour, Patient Care and Situational Events. Specific causes of violence related to Patient Behaviour were cognitive impairment and demanding to leave. Catalysts related to patient care were the use of needles, patient pain/discomfort and physical transfers of patients. Situational factors included the use/presence of restraints; transitions in the care process; intervening to protect patients and/or staff; and redirecting patients. CONCLUSIONS Identifying catalysts and situations involved in patient violence in hospitals informs administrators about potential targets for intervention. Hospital staff can be trained to recognize these specific risk factors for patient violence and can be educated in how to best mitigate or prevent the most common forms of violent behaviour. A social-ecological model can be adapted to the hospital setting as a framework for prevention of patient violence towards staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Arnetz
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Uppsala University, Sweden
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30
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Neall AM, Tuckey MR. A methodological review of research on the antecedents and consequences of workplace harassment. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle M. Neall
- Centre for Applied Psychological Research; School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michelle R. Tuckey
- Centre for Applied Psychological Research; School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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31
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Belita A, Mbindyo P, English M. Absenteeism amongst health workers--developing a typology to support empiric work in low-income countries and characterizing reported associations. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2013; 11:34. [PMID: 23866770 PMCID: PMC3721994 DOI: 10.1186/1478-4491-11-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of inadequate health worker numbers and emigration have been highlighted in the international literature, but relatively little attention has been paid to absenteeism as a factor that undermines health-care delivery in low income countries. We therefore aimed to review the literature on absenteeism from a health system manager's perspective to inform needed work on this topic. Specifically, we aimed to develop a typology of definitions that might be useful to classify different forms of absenteeism and identify factors associated with absenteeism. Sixty-nine studies were reviewed, only four were from sub-Saharan Africa where the human resources for health crisis is most acute. Forms of absenteeism studied and methods used vary widely. No previous attempt to develop an overarching approach to classifying forms of absenteeism was identified. A typology based on key characteristics is proposed to fill this gap and considers absenteeism as defined by two key attributes, whether it is: planned/unplanned, and voluntary/involuntary. Factors reported to influence rates of absenteeism may be broadly classified into three thematic categories: workplace and content, personal and organizational and cultural factors. The literature presents an inconsistent picture of the effects of specific factors within these themes perhaps related to true contextual differences or inconsistent definitions of absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Belita
- Kenya Medical Research Institute -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Patrick Mbindyo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Mike English
- Kenya Medical Research Institute -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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