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Yang T, Rui B, Zhang C. Assessing health human resource structure at Urumqi's center for disease control and prevention. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36209. [PMID: 38050251 PMCID: PMC10695540 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By conducting an in-depth investigation and analysis of the health human resource framework within the Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this study aims to offer valuable insights for the objective assessment and future enhancement of its talent development endeavors. A questionnaire survey was administered, followed by a descriptive analysis, involving the healthcare professionals affiliated with the Urumqi Center for CDC. The Urumqi Center for CDC exhibited a lower compilation number than its on-duty personnel count. When compared to county (district) level, the municipal level CDC displayed a higher educational attainment, a more favorable title distribution, and a younger workforce demographic. The human resource count in both Urumqi's city and county (district) level CDCs has decreased, but the relative numbers have improved, indicating enhanced quality and a younger workforce. The municipal-level CDC boasts a superior human resource structure compared to the county (district) level, with better fairness in population distribution by area than geography. Allocation equity within the central urban area is higher than in distant urban areas, highlighting regional disparities as a significant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xijiang, China
| | - Baoling Rui
- Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, Xijiang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xijiang, China
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Scales SE, Patrick E, Stone KW, Kintziger KW, Jagger MA, Horney JA. A Qualitative Study of the COVID-19 Response Experiences of Public Health Workers in the United States. Health Secur 2021; 19:573-581. [PMID: 34756111 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2021.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline, patient-facing healthcare staff have been described in several studies, but the effects of the COVID-19 response on the US public health workforce have not been well characterized. In early 2021, we conducted interviews with a subset of public health practitioners in the United States who participated in a cross-sectional survey and indicated their willingness to participate in a follow-up interview. An interview guide was developed to collect information about professional roles since the start of the pandemic, aspects of the individual COVID-19 response that impacted mental health, and aspects of the organizational/institutional COVID-19 response that impacted mental health, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of, opportunities for, and threats to public health professionals and organizations going forward. Interviews were transcribed and inductively coded to identify themes. Of the 48 people invited to participate, 24 completed an interview between January 28 and February 23, 2021. Five key themes were identified through inductive coding of interview transcripts: (1) teamwork and workplace camaraderie, (2) potential for growth in the field of public health, (3) considerations for adaptive work environments (eg, remote work, work out of jurisdiction, transition to telework), (4) politicization of response, and (5) constrained hiring capacity and burnout. After more than a year of public health emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critically important to understand the detrimental and supportive factors of good mental health among the public health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Scales
- Sarah E. Scales, MPH, is a Doctoral Student, Epidemiology Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Elizabeth Patrick
- Elizabeth Patrick is an Undergraduate Research Assistant, Behavioral Health and Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Kahler W Stone
- Kahler W. Stone, DrPH, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN
| | - Kristina W Kintziger
- Kristina W. Kintziger, PhD, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Jennifer A Horney
- Jennifer A. Horney, PhD, MPH, is a Professor, Epidemiology Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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Khan AS, Wittenauer R, Patel R, Baseman J, Miller A, Errett NA. Developing a Concept of Operations Template to Guide Collaborative Disaster Research Response Between Academic Public Health and Public Health Agencies. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e39. [PMID: 34612184 PMCID: PMC10497370 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research conducted in the context of a disaster or public health emergency is essential to improve knowledge about its short- and long-term health consequences, as well as the implementation and effectiveness of response and recovery strategies. Integrated approaches to conducting Disaster Research Response (DR2) can answer scientific questions, while also providing attendant value for operational response and recovery. Here, we propose a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) template to guide the collaborative development and implementation of DR2 among academic public health and public health agencies, informed by previous literature, semi-structured interviews with disaster researchers from academic public health across the United States, and discussion groups with public health practitioners. The proposed CONOPS outlines actionable strategies to address DR2 issues before, during, and after disasters for public health scholars and practitioners who seek to operationalize or enhance their DR2 programs. Additional financial and human resources will be necessary to promote widespread implementation of collaborative DR2 programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber S Khan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Rachel Wittenauer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Resham Patel
- Public Health - Seattle and King County
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Janet Baseman
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Office of the Dean, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Aubrey Miller
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health
| | - Nicole A Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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Martinez D, Talbert T, Romero-Steiner S, Kosmos C, Redd S. Evolution of the Public Health Preparedness and Response Capability Standards to Support Public Health Emergency Management Practices and Processes. Health Secur 2019; 17:430-438. [PMID: 31794674 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In spring 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning. The capability standards provide a framework that supports state, local, tribal, and territorial public health agency preparedness planning and response to public health threats and emergencies. In 2017, a project team at the CDC Division of State and Local Readiness incorporated input from subject matter experts, national partners, and stakeholders to update the 2011 capability standards. As a result, CDC released the updated capability standards in October 2018, which were amended in January 2019. The original structure of the 15 capability standards remained unchanged, but updates were made to capability functions, tasks, and resource elements to reflect advances in public health emergency preparedness and response practices since 2011. When the number of functions and tasks in the 2018 capability standards were compared to those in the 2011 capabilities, only 20% (3/15) of the capabilities had a decrease in function number. The majority of changes were at the task level (task numbers changed in 80%, or 12/15, capabilities) in the 2018 version. The capability standards provide public health agencies with a practical framework, informed by updated science and tools, which can guide prioritization of limited resources to strengthen public health agency emergency preparedness and response capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAndrea Martinez
- DeAndrea Martinez, MPH, is a Public Health Analyst, Program Planning and Development, Division of State and Local Readiness; Todd P. Talbert, MA, is a Senior Advisor, Program Planning and Development; Sandra Romero-Steiner, PhD, is a Scientific Clearance Official, Office of Science and Public Health Practice; Christine Kosmos, RN, BSN, MS, is Director of the Division of State and Local Readiness; and Stephen C. Redd, MD, is a RADM in the United States Public Health Service and Deputy Director for Public Health Service and Implementation Science; all in the Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Todd Talbert
- DeAndrea Martinez, MPH, is a Public Health Analyst, Program Planning and Development, Division of State and Local Readiness; Todd P. Talbert, MA, is a Senior Advisor, Program Planning and Development; Sandra Romero-Steiner, PhD, is a Scientific Clearance Official, Office of Science and Public Health Practice; Christine Kosmos, RN, BSN, MS, is Director of the Division of State and Local Readiness; and Stephen C. Redd, MD, is a RADM in the United States Public Health Service and Deputy Director for Public Health Service and Implementation Science; all in the Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sandra Romero-Steiner
- DeAndrea Martinez, MPH, is a Public Health Analyst, Program Planning and Development, Division of State and Local Readiness; Todd P. Talbert, MA, is a Senior Advisor, Program Planning and Development; Sandra Romero-Steiner, PhD, is a Scientific Clearance Official, Office of Science and Public Health Practice; Christine Kosmos, RN, BSN, MS, is Director of the Division of State and Local Readiness; and Stephen C. Redd, MD, is a RADM in the United States Public Health Service and Deputy Director for Public Health Service and Implementation Science; all in the Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christine Kosmos
- DeAndrea Martinez, MPH, is a Public Health Analyst, Program Planning and Development, Division of State and Local Readiness; Todd P. Talbert, MA, is a Senior Advisor, Program Planning and Development; Sandra Romero-Steiner, PhD, is a Scientific Clearance Official, Office of Science and Public Health Practice; Christine Kosmos, RN, BSN, MS, is Director of the Division of State and Local Readiness; and Stephen C. Redd, MD, is a RADM in the United States Public Health Service and Deputy Director for Public Health Service and Implementation Science; all in the Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stephen Redd
- DeAndrea Martinez, MPH, is a Public Health Analyst, Program Planning and Development, Division of State and Local Readiness; Todd P. Talbert, MA, is a Senior Advisor, Program Planning and Development; Sandra Romero-Steiner, PhD, is a Scientific Clearance Official, Office of Science and Public Health Practice; Christine Kosmos, RN, BSN, MS, is Director of the Division of State and Local Readiness; and Stephen C. Redd, MD, is a RADM in the United States Public Health Service and Deputy Director for Public Health Service and Implementation Science; all in the Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Nakao R, Kawasaki R, Ohnishi M. Disaster preparedness of hillside residential area in Nagasaki city, Japan: evaluations regarding experiences related to a fire. J Rural Med 2019; 14:95-102. [PMID: 31191772 PMCID: PMC6545431 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: An accidental fire that occurred in a hillside residential area in the city of Nagasaki was evaluated to assess the challenges faced by communities located on sloped terrains and to develop community-based support systems applicable to such hillside residential areas. Methods: Community observations and key-informant interviews were performed in the area affected by the fire. A self-administered questionnaire survey was also conducted among residents of the affected area. Information obtained through community observations of the fire-struck area and key-informant interviews was analyzed and assessed using a two-dimensional (2D) framework. Results: According to community observations and key-informant interviews, initial firefighting efforts were delayed due to lack of preparedness, in addition to geographic factors such as narrow roads and outdoor staircases, which allowed the fire to spread. The livelihood and health support measures for elderly residents requiring evacuation assistance were also insufficient. A hospital neighboring the area affected by the fire accident voluntarily provided some services to evacuees, but support from other nearby organizations/institutions was either not available or not offered. According to the questionnaire answers, elderly residents had little knowledge of the location and proper use of fire hydrants in their area. In addition, 65% of the respondents had never participated in disaster training exercises. From these results, the following three points could be determined: 1) The geographic features of the hillside residential area enhanced the spread of the fire. 2) The multi-sector support systems for evacuees were inadequate, collaboration among the existing systems was insufficient, and the roles of those systems were not fully clarified in advance. 3) Elderly residents in the hillside residential area did not have sufficient the knowledge and/or ability to engage in fire prevention activities and had inadequate firefighting skills. Conclusions: It is important to improve disaster preparedness knowledge and training for local residents on ordinary times. Additionally, cross-sector collaborative disaster response, harmonious management, and support systems must be ensured and sustained before, during, and after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nakao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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