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Son JY, Heo S, Byun G, Foo D, Song Y, Lewis BM, Stewart R, Choi HM, Bell ML. A systematic review of animal feeding operations including concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) for exposure, health outcomes, and environmental justice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119550. [PMID: 38964578 PMCID: PMC11365793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing literature on animal feeding operations (AFOs) including concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), research on disproportionate exposure and associated health burden is relatively limited and shows inconclusive findings. OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed previous literature on AFOs/CAFOs, focusing on exposure assessment, associated health outcomes, and variables related to environmental justice (EJ) and potentially vulnerable populations. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of databases (MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science) and performed citation screening. Screening of titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and data extraction were performed independently by pairs of reviewers. We summarized information for each study (i.e., study location, study period, study population, study type, study design, statistical methods, and adjusted variables (if health association was examined), and main findings), AFO/CAFO characteristics and exposure assessment (i.e., animal type, data source, measure of exposure, and exposure assessment), health outcomes or symptoms (if health association was examined), and information related to EJ and potentially vulnerable populations (in relation to exposure and/or health associations, vulnerable populations considered, related variables, and main findings in relation to EJ and vulnerable populations). RESULTS After initial screening of 10,963 papers, we identified 76 eligible studies. This review found that a relatively small number of studies (20 studies) investigated EJ and vulnerability issues related to AFOs/CAFOs exposure and/or associated health outcomes (e.g., respiratory diseases/symptoms, infections). We found differences in findings across studies, populations, the metrics used for AFO/CAFO exposure assessment, and variables related to EJ and vulnerability. The most commonly used metric for AFO/CAFO exposure assessment was presence of or proximity to facilities or animals. The most investigated variables related to disparities were race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Findings from this review provide suggestive evidence that disparities exist with some subpopulations having higher exposure and/or health response in relation to AFO/CAFO exposure, although results varied across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Seulkee Heo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Garam Byun
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Damien Foo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yimeng Song
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brandon M Lewis
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rory Stewart
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Enomoto Y, Tsutsumi Y, Kido T, Nagatomo K, Tsuchiya A, Inoue Y. Association between helicopter medical services for pediatric trauma patients and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 85:196-201. [PMID: 39278027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) have become widespread around the world. However, previous studies of the influence of HEMS on mortality were limited to adult patients only and showed inconsistent and heterogeneous results. This study aimed to examine the association between HEMS and mortality among pediatric emergencies compared to ground emergency medical service (GEMS). METHODS We searched relevant databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and included articles in any language. The most recent search was on January 4th, 2024. We included prospective observational cohort studies or clinical trials that compared HEMS with GEMS in pediatric patients. We excluded any study that did not compare two or more groups of participants. Two pairs of researchers blindly screened studies and evaluated risk of bias using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool. We conducted this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Data were extracted by four independent reviewers. We calculated the odds ratio using the random-effects model. The primary outcome was mortality. RESULTS Our search strategy yielded 1454 results. Of these, seven observational studies met our eligibility criteria; no RCT met the criteria. All studies targeted trauma patients only. HEMS was associated with lower mortality (Odds ratio 0.66, 95 % CI 0.59 to 0.74). Inconsistency between trials was determined to be low due to low heterogeneity (I2 = 0 %). In a subgroup analysis conducted with and without physicians on the HEMS staff, we found no significant differences (I2 = 0 %, p = 0.71). CONCLUSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis, which was limited to trauma pediatric trauma patients, revealed that HEMS deployment correlated with decreased mortality. Further research is necessary to more effectively measure the potential influence and applicability of HEMS for pediatric emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Enomoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan; Human Health Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagatomo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asuka Tsuchiya
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hoang THL, Nguyen VM, Adermark L, Alvarez GG, Shelley D, Ng N. Factors Influencing Tobacco Smoking and Cessation Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1858-1881. [PMID: 38478323 PMCID: PMC11161546 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH), yet there is a lack of data on smoking behaviours and effective treatments in this population. Understanding factors influencing tobacco smoking and cessation is crucial to guide the design of effective interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in both high-income (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) synthesised existing evidence on associated factors of smoking and cessation behaviour among PLWH. Male gender, substance use, and loneliness were positively associated with current smoking and negatively associated with smoking abstinence. The association of depression with current smoking and lower abstinence rates were observed only in HICs. The review did not identify randomised controlled trials conducted in LMICs. Findings indicate the need to integrate smoking cessation interventions with mental health and substance use services, provide greater social support, and address other comorbid conditions as part of a comprehensive approach to treating tobacco use in this population. Consistent support from health providers trained to provide advice and treatment options is also an important component of treatment for PLWH engaged in care, especially in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh H L Hoang
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Van M Nguyen
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gloria G Alvarez
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Donna Shelley
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Nawi Ng
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S, Thiese MS, Olufemi M, Gallos LK. A blueprint for a new commercial driving epidemiology: An emerging paradigm grounded in integrative exposome and network epistemologies. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:515-531. [PMID: 38689533 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Excess health and safety risks of commercial drivers are largely determined by, embedded in, or operate as complex, dynamic, and randomly determined systems with interacting parts. Yet, prevailing epidemiology is entrenched in narrow, deterministic, and static exposure-response frameworks along with ensuing inadequate data and limiting methods, thereby perpetuating an incomplete understanding of commercial drivers' health and safety risks. This paper is grounded in our ongoing research that conceptualizes health and safety challenges of working people as multilayered "wholes" of interacting work and nonwork factors, exemplified by complex-systems epistemologies. Building upon and expanding these assumptions, herein we: (a) discuss how insights from integrative exposome and network-science-based frameworks can enhance our understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury burden; (b) introduce the "working life exposome of commercial driving" (WLE-CD)-an array of multifactorial and interdependent work and nonwork exposures and associated biological responses that concurrently or sequentially impact commercial drivers' health and safety during and beyond their work tenure; (c) conceptualize commercial drivers' health and safety risks as multilayered networks centered on the WLE-CD and network relational patterns and topological properties-that is, arrangement, connections, and relationships among network components-that largely govern risk dynamics; and (d) elucidate how integrative exposome and network-science-based innovations can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury risk dynamics. Development, validation, and proliferation of this emerging discourse can move commercial driving epidemiology to the frontier of science with implications for policy, action, other working populations, and population health at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- College of Business, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mubo Olufemi
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lazaros K Gallos
- DIMACS, Center for Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Rodrigues A, Abi-Nader S, Durand R, Rompré P, Janati AI, Atsu S, Morris M, Emami E. Effectiveness of zygomatic-implant fixed rehabilitation for the atrophic edentulous maxilla: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38822368 PMCID: PMC11140941 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophic edentulous maxilla is a debilitating condition caused by the progressive and irreversible bone resorption following loss of teeth, that results in bone of inadequate volume and density. This makes conventional implant therapy extremely challenging without complex reconstructive procedures. Several techniques such as sinus augmentation, short implants, and tilted implants have been used for the rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla. In recent years, zygomatic implants have emerged as a graftless rehabilitation technique. However, few studies compare zygomatic-implant fixed rehabilitation with other fixed rehabilitation techniques. The existing body of evidence on zygomatic implants is largely based on clinical and disease-oriented outcomes. METHODS A network meta-analysis (NMA) will be conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of zygomatic-implant fixed rehabilitation with the other rehabilitation techniques. Experimental and observational studies comparing different implant-assisted fixed rehabilitation in adults with atrophic maxilla will be included. The primary and secondary outcomes will be patient's satisfaction and quality of life respectively. Additional outcomes include the implant's survival/success, and biological and prosthetic complications. An electronic search will be performed through various databases for articles in English and French, without time limits. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized controlled trials, and ROBINS-I for non-randomized and observational studies. Two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts and extract data. Any discrepancy between reviewers will be discussed and resolved through consensus or with the help of a third reviewer. Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using a random effects model. I2, τ2, transitivity, subgroup/meta-regression analyses will assess and explain heterogeneity and distribution of effect modifiers. A network plot will be created to connect the different interventions directly and indirectly. Interventions will be ranked using the surface under cumulative ranking curve. Confidence in the results of the NMA will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). DISCUSSION This study will be the first to assess the effectiveness of zygomatic-implant fixed rehabilitation for the atrophic maxilla using NMA. The evidence obtained will aid clinical decision-making and will advance the knowledge of the rehabilitation techniques for the atrophic maxilla. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023353303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Rodrigues
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samer Abi-Nader
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Durand
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Amal Idrissi Janati
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Saadet Atsu
- Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Morris
- Schulich Library, Mcgill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Thonon F, Godon-Rensonnet AS, Perozziello A, Garsi JP, Dab W, Emsalem P. Return on investment of workplace-based prevention interventions: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2023:7192365. [PMID: 37290417 PMCID: PMC10393479 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational Safety and Health is an important public health topic. Many employers may regard health promotion or prevention initiatives as an additional cost with few benefits. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the studies conducted on the return on investment (ROI) of preventive health interventions conducted within workplaces, and to describe their designs, topics and calculation methods. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, International Labour Organization and Occupational Safety and Health Administration from 2013 to 2021. We included studies that evaluated prevention interventions in the workplace setting and reported an economic outcome or company-related benefits. We report the findings according to PRISMA reporting guidelines. RESULTS We included 141 articles reporting 138 interventions. Of them, 62 (44.9%) had an experimental design, 29 (21.0%) had a quasi-experimental design, 37 (26.8%) were observational studies and 10 (7.2%) were modelling studies. The interventions' objectives were mostly related to psychosocial risks (N = 42; 30.4%), absenteeism (N = 40; 29.0%), general health (N = 35; 25.4%), specific diseases (N = 31; 22.5%), nutrition (N = 24; 17.4%), sedentarism (N = 21; 15.2%) musculoskeletal disorders (N = 17; 12.3%) and accidents (N = 14; 10.1%). The ROI calculation was positive for 78 interventions (56.5%), negative for 12 (8.7%), neutral for 13 (9.4%) and undetermined for 35 (25.4%). CONCLUSION There were many different ROI calculations. Most studies have a positive result but randomized controlled trials have fewer positive results than other designs. It is important to conduct more high-quality studies so that results can inform employers and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Thonon
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
- Chaire Entreprise et santé, CNAM-Malakoff Humanis, Malakoff, France
| | | | - Anne Perozziello
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme-Philippe Garsi
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - William Dab
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
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The Relative Merits of Observational and Experimental Research: Four Key Principles for Optimising Observational Research Designs. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214649. [DOI: 10.3390/nu14214649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The main barrier to the publication of observational research is a perceived inferiority to randomised designs with regard to the reliability of their conclusions. This commentary addresses this issue and makes a set of recommendations. It analyses the issue of research reliability in detail and fully describes the three sources of research unreliability (certainty, risk and uncertainty). Two of these (certainty and uncertainty) are not adequately addressed in most research texts. It establishes that randomised designs are vulnerable as observation studies to these two sources of unreliability, and are therefore not automatically superior to observational research in all research situations. Two key principles for reducing research unreliability are taken from R.A. Fisher’s early work on agricultural research. These principles and their application are described in detail. The principles are then developed into four key principles that observational researchers should follow when they are designing observational research exercises in nutrition. It notes that there is an optimal sample size for any particular research exercise that should not be exceeded. It concludes that best practice in observational research is to replicate this optimal sized observational exercise multiple times in order to establish reliability and credibility.
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