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Lan Y, Sun J, Chen C, Wang H, Xiao Y, Perez M, Yang Y, Kwan YH, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Han X, Miyazaki J, Watsuji TO, Bissessur D, Qiu JW, Takai K, Qian PY. Endosymbiont population genomics sheds light on transmission mode, partner specificity, and stability of the scaly-foot snail holobiont. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2132-2143. [PMID: 35715703 PMCID: PMC9381778 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean relies on its sulphur-oxidising gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts for nutrition and energy. In this study, we investigate the specificity, transmission mode, and stability of multiple scaly-foot snail populations dwelling in five vent fields with considerably disparate geological, physical and chemical environmental conditions. Results of population genomics analyses reveal an incongruent phylogeny between the endosymbiont and mitochondrial genomes of the scaly-foot snails in the five vent fields sampled, indicating that the hosts obtain endosymbionts via horizontal transmission in each generation. However, the genetic homogeneity of many symbiont populations implies that vertical transmission cannot be ruled out either. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation of ovarian tissue yields symbiont signals around the oocytes, suggesting that vertical transmission co-occurs with horizontal transmission. Results of in situ environmental measurements and gene expression analyses from in situ fixed samples show that the snail host buffers the differences in environmental conditions to provide the endosymbionts with a stable intracellular micro-environment, where the symbionts serve key metabolic functions and benefit from the host’s cushion. The mixed transmission mode, symbiont specificity at the species level, and stable intracellular environment provided by the host support the evolutionary, ecological, and physiological success of scaly-foot snail holobionts in different vents with unique environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maeva Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yi Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yick Hang Kwan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiqiu Han
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Junichi Miyazaki
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomo-O Watsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Higashi-Chikushi Junior College, 5-1-1 Shimoitozu, Kitakyusyu, 803-0846, Japan
| | - Dass Bissessur
- Department for Continental Shelf, Maritime Zones Administration & Exploration, Prime Minister's Office, 2nd Floor, Belmont House, 12 Intendance Street, Port Louis, 11328, Mauritius
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ken Takai
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Baldassarre L, Levy S, Bar-Shalom R, Steindler L, Lotan T, Fraune S. Contribution of Maternal and Paternal Transmission to Bacterial Colonization in Nematostella vectensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726795. [PMID: 34707584 PMCID: PMC8544946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities confer multiple beneficial effects to their multicellular hosts. To evaluate the evolutionary and ecological implications of the animal-microbe interactions, it is essential to understand how bacterial colonization is secured and maintained during the transition from one generation to the next. However, the mechanisms of symbiont transmission are poorly studied for many species, especially in marine environments, where the surrounding water constitutes an additional source of microbes. Nematostella vectensis, an estuarine cnidarian, has recently emerged as model organism for studies on host-microbes interactions. Here, we use this model organism to study the transmission of bacterial colonizers, evaluating the contribution of parental and environmental transmission to the establishment of bacterial communities of the offspring. We induced spawning in adult male and female polyps of N. vectensis and used their gametes for five individual fertilization experiments. While embryos developed into primary polyps, we sampled each developmental stage and its corresponding medium samples. By analyzing the microbial community compositions of all samples through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we showed that all host tissues harbor microbiota significantly different from the surrounding medium. Interestingly, oocytes and sperms are associated with distinct bacterial communities, indicating the specific vertical transmission of bacterial colonizers by the gametes. These differences were consistent among all the five families analyzed. By overlapping the identified bacterial ASVs associated with gametes, offspring and parents, we identified specific bacterial ASVs that are well supported candidates for vertical transmission via mothers and fathers. This is the first study investigating bacteria transmission in N. vectensis, and among few on marine spawners that do not brood larvae. Our results shed light on the consistent yet distinct maternal and paternal transfer of bacterial symbionts along the different life stages and generations of an aquatic invertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baldassarre
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Sezione di Oceanografia, Trieste, Italy
| | - Shani Levy
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rinat Bar-Shalom
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Lotan
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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