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Blondel L, Klemet-N'Guessan S, Hendry AP, Scott ME. Parasite load, rather than parasite presence, decreases upstream movement in Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:177-185. [PMID: 38684192 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Several factors influence whether an organism remains in its local habitat. Parasites can, for example, influence host movement by impacting their behavior, physiology, and morphology. In rivers, fish that swim efficiently against the current are able to maintain their position without being displaced downstream, a behavior referred to as positive rheotaxis. We hypothesized that both the presence and number of ectoparasites on a host would affect the ability of fish to avoid downstream displacement and thus prevent them from remaining in their habitat. We used the guppy-Gyrodactylus host-ectoparasite model to test whether parasite presence and parasite load had an effect on fish rheotaxis. We quantified rheotaxis of sham-infected and parasite-infected fish in a circular flow tank in the laboratory prior to infection and 5-6 days postinfection. Both parasite-infected and sham-infected individuals expressed similar levels of positive rheotaxis prior to infection and after infection. However, with increasing parasite numbers, guppies covered less distance in the upstream direction and spent more time in slower flow zones. These results suggest that higher numbers of Gyrodactylus ectoparasites negatively influence rheotactic movements. Further research is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of this ectoparasite on fish movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blondel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - A P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Giammona FF. Form and function of the caudal fin throughout the phylogeny of fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:550-572. [PMID: 34114010 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishes are the longest persisting living vertebrates and as such, display an incredible array of diversity. Variation in the tail, or caudal fin, is often a reflection of a fish's environment, and affects movement, predation, defense, and reproduction. Previous literature has discussed many aspects of caudal fin form and function in particular taxonomic groups; however, no previous work has synthesized these studies in order to detail how the caudal fin is structured, and what purpose this structure serves, throughout the phylogeny of fishes. This review examines the caudal fin throughout the main lineages of fish evolution, and highlights where changes in shape and usage have occurred. Such novelties in form and function tend to have far-reaching evolutionary consequences. Through integration of past and present work, this review creates a coherent picture of caudal fin evolution. Patterns and outliers that demonstrate how form and function of this appendage are intertwined can further inform hypotheses that fill critical gaps in knowledge concerning the caudal fin.
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3
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Dick C, Reznick DN, Hayashi CY. Sex-biased expression between guppies varying in the presence of ornamental coloration. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5782. [PMID: 30324034 PMCID: PMC6186404 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased gene expression provides a means to achieve sexual dimorphism across a genome largely shared by both sexes. Trinidadian guppies are ideal to examine questions of sex-bias as they exhibit sexual dimorphism in ornamental coloration with male only expression. Here we use RNA-sequencing to quantify whole transcriptome gene expression differences, with a focus on differential expression of color genes between the sexes. We determine whether males express genes positively correlated with coloration at higher levels than females. We find that all the differentially expressed color genes were more highly expressed by males. Males also expressed all known black melanin synthesis genes at higher levels than females, regardless of whether the gene was significantly differentially expressed in the analysis. These differences correlated with the visual color differences between sexes at the stage sampled, as all males had ornamental black coloration apparent. We propose that sexual dimorphism in ornamental coloration is caused by male-biased expression of color genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Dick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Y Hayashi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States of America
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4
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Moser FN, van Rijssel JC, Mwaiko S, Meier JI, Ngatunga B, Seehausen O. The onset of ecological diversification 50 years after colonization of a crater lake by haplochromine cichlid fishes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0171. [PMID: 30111604 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation research typically relies on the study of evolution in retrospective, leaving the predictive value of the concept hard to evaluate. Several radiations, including the cichlid fishes in the East African Great Lakes, have been studied extensively, yet no study has investigated the onset of the intraspecific processes of niche expansion and differentiation shortly after colonization of an adaptive zone by cichlids. Haplochromine cichlids of one of the two lineages that seeded the Lake Victoria radiation recently arrived in Lake Chala, a lake perfectly suited for within-lake cichlid speciation. Here, we infer the colonization and demographic history, quantify phenotypic, ecological and genomic diversity and diversification, and investigate the selection regime to ask if the population shows signs of diversification resembling the onset of adaptive radiation. We find that since their arrival in the lake, haplochromines have colonized a wide range of depth habitats associated with ecological and morphological expansion and the beginning of phenotypic differentiation and potentially nascent speciation, consistent with the very early onset of an adaptive radiation process. Moreover, we demonstrate evidence of rugged phenotypic fitness surfaces, indicating that current ecological selection may contribute to the phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian N Moser
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Jacco C van Rijssel
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Ijmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Joana I Meier
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Ngatunga
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Box 9750, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland .,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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5
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Lucon-Xiccato T, Bisazza A. Male and female guppies differ in speed but not in accuracy in visual discrimination learning. Anim Cogn 2016; 19:733-44. [PMID: 26920920 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-0969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In many species, males and females have different reproductive roles and/or differ in their ecological niche. Since in these cases the two sexes often face different cognitive challenges, selection may promote some degree of cognitive differentiation, an issue that has received relatively little attention so far. We investigated the existence of sex differences in visual discrimination learning in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, a fish species in which females show complex mate choice based on male colour pattern. We tested males and females for their ability to learn a discrimination between two different shapes (experiment 1) and between two identical figures with a different orientation (experiment 2). In experiment 3, guppies were required to select an object of the odd colour in a group of five objects. Colours changed daily, and therefore, the solution for this task was facilitated by concept learning. We found males' and females' accuracy practically overlapped in the three experiments, suggesting that the two sexes have similar discrimination learning abilities. Yet, males showed faster decision time than females without any evident speed-accuracy trade-off. This result indicates the existence of consistent between-sex differences in decision speed perhaps due to impulsivity rather than speed in information processing. Our results align with previous literature, indicating that sex differences in cognitive abilities are the exception rather than the rule, while sex differences in cognitive style, i.e. the way in which an individual faces a cognitive task, are much more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Angelo Bisazza
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
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6
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Conradsen C, Walker JA, Perna C, McGuigan K. Repeatability of locomotor performance and of morphology – locomotor performance relationships. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2888-2897. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.141259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is good evidence that natural selection drives the evolution of locomotor performance, but the processes that generate among individual variation in locomotion, the substrate upon which selection acts, are relatively poorly understood. We measured prolonged swimming performance, Ucrit, and morphology in a large cohort (n=461) of wildtype zebrafish, Danio rerio, at ∼6 months and again at ∼9 months. Using mixed model analyses to estimate repeatability as the intraclass correlation coefficient, we determined that Ucrit was significantly repeatable (r = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45 -0.64). Performance differences between the sexes (males 12% faster than females) and changes with age (decreasing 0.07% per day) both contributed to variation in Ucrit and, therefore, the repeatability estimate. Accounting for mean differences between sexes within the model decreased the estimate of Ucrit repeatability to 21% below the naïve estimate, while fitting age in the models increased the estimate to 14% above the naïve estimate. Greater consideration of factors such as age and sex is therefore necessary for the interpretation of performance repeatability in wild populations. Body shape significantly predicted Ucrit in both sexes in both assays, with the morphology – performance relationship significantly repeatable at the population level. However, morphology was more strongly predicative of performance in older fish, suggesting a change in the contribution of morphology relative to other factors such as physiology and behaviour. The morphology – performance relationship changed with age to a greater extent in males than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Conradsen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04103, USA
| | - Catherine Perna
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Katrina McGuigan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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7
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Conradsen C, McGuigan K. Sexually dimorphic morphology and swimming performance relationships in wild-type zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:1219-1233. [PMID: 26416508 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study compared prolonged swimming performance (Ucrit ) between male and female Danio rerio, and characterized how body shape was associated with this performance measure in each sex. When swimming in small (n = 6) mixed-sex groups at 28 °C, males swam, on average, over 10 cm s(-1) faster than females despite being significantly smaller. Body shape was sexually dimorphic, with males and females exhibiting small, but statistically significant differences in most aspects of body shape. Body shape explained 18 and 43% of the variation in Ucrit among males and females. In general, effects of body shape on swimming performance appeared to be sex limited, whereby different aspects of body shape affected performance in each sex, although the contribution of the distance between pelvic and anal fins to swimming performance was weakly sexually antagonistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Conradsen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - K McGuigan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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8
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Morris J, Ford AGP, Ali JR, Peart CR, Bills R, Day JJ. High levels of genetic structure and striking phenotypic variability in a sexually dimorphic suckermouth catfish from the African Highveld. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Morris
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Antonia G. P. Ford
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Jarome R. Ali
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Claire R. Peart
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Roger Bills
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity; Private Bag 1015 Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - Julia J. Day
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
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9
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Altner M, Reichenbacher B. †Kenyaichthyidae fam. nov. and †Kenyaichthys gen. nov. - First Record of a Fossil Aplocheiloid Killifish (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123056. [PMID: 25923654 PMCID: PMC4414574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The extant Cyprinodontiformes (killifishes) with their two suborders Cyprinodontoidei and Aplocheiloidei represent a diverse and well-studied group of fishes. However, their fossil record is comparatively sparse and has so far yielded members of the Cyprinodontoidei only. Here we report on cyprinodontiform fossils from the upper Miocene Lukeino Formation in the Tugen Hills of the Central Rift Valley of Kenya, which represent the first fossil record of an aplocheiloid killifish. A total of 169 specimens - mostly extraordinarily well preserved - and a sample of ten extant cyprinodontiform species were studied on the basis of morphometrics, meristics and osteology. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP was also conducted for the fossils. Both the osteological data and the phylogenetic analysis provide strong evidence for the assignment of the fossils to the Aplocheiloidei, and justify the definition of the new family †Kenyaichthyidae, the new genus †Kenyaichthys and the new species †K. kipkechi sp. nov. The phylogenetic analysis unexpectedly places †Kenyaichthys gen. nov. in a sister relationship to the Rivulidae (a purely Neotropical group), a probable explanation might be lack of available synapomorphies for the Rivulidae, Nothobranchiidae and Aplocheilidae. The specimens of †K. kipkechi sp. nov. show several polymorphic characters and large overlap in meristic traits, which justifies their interpretation as a species flock in statu nascendi. Patterns of variation in neural and haemal spine dimensions in the caudal vertebrae of †Kenyaichthys gen. nov. and the extant species studied indicate that some previously suggested synapomorphies of the Cyprinodontoidei and Aplocheiloidei need to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Altner
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Reichenbacher
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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10
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Hockley FA, Wilson CAME, Brew A, Cable J. Fish responses to flow velocity and turbulence in relation to size, sex and parasite load. J R Soc Interface 2013; 11:20130814. [PMID: 24284893 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Riverine fish are subjected to heterogeneous flow velocities and turbulence and may use this to their advantage by selecting regions that balance energy expenditure for station holding while maximizing energy gain through feeding opportunities. This study investigated microhabitat selection by guppies Poecilia reticulata in terms of flow characteristics generated by hemisphere boulders in an open channel flume. Velocity and turbulence influenced the variation in swimming behaviour with respect to size, sex and parasite intensity. With increasing body length, fish swam further and more frequently between boulder regions. Larger guppies spent more time in the areas of high-velocity and low-turbulence regions beside the boulders, whereas smaller guppies frequented the low-velocity and high-turbulence regions directly behind the boulders. Male guppies selected the regions of low velocity, indicating possible reduced swimming ability owing to hydrodynamic drag imposed by their fins. With increasing Gyrodactylus turnbulli burden, fish spent more time in regions with moderate velocity and lowest turbulent kinetic energy which were the most spatially and temporally homogeneous in terms of velocity and turbulence. These findings highlight the importance of heterogeneous flow conditions in river channel design owing to the behavioural variability within a species in response to velocity and turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Hockley
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, , Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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11
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Pélabon C, Bolstad GH, Egset CK, Cheverud JM, Pavlicev M, Rosenqvist G. On the relationship between ontogenetic and static allometry. Am Nat 2013; 181:195-212. [PMID: 23348774 DOI: 10.1086/668820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic and static allometries describe how a character changes in size when the size of the organism changes during ontogeny and among individuals measured at the same developmental stage, respectively. Understanding the relationship between these two types of allometry is crucial to understanding the evolution of allometry and, more generally, the evolution of shape. However, the effects of ontogenetic allometry on static allometry remain largely unexplored. Here, we first show analytically how individual variation in ontogenetic allometry and body size affect static allometry. Using two longitudinal data sets on ontogenetic and static allometry, we then estimate variances and covariances for the different parameters of the ontogenetic allometry defined in our model and assess their relative contribution to the static allometric slope. The mean ontogenetic allometry is the main parameter that determines the static allometric slope, while the covariance between the ontogenetic allometric slope and body size generates most of the discrepancies between ontogenetic and static allometry. These results suggest that the apparent evolutionary stasis of the static allometric slope is not generated by internal (developmental) constraints but more likely results from external constraints imposed by selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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EGSET CK, HANSEN TF, LE ROUZIC A, BOLSTAD GH, ROSENQVIST G, PÉLABON C. Artificial selection on allometry: change in elevation but not slope. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:938-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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EGSET CK, BOLSTAD GH, ROSENQVIST G, ENDLER JA, PÉLABON C. Geographical variation in allometry in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2631-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Karino K, Ishiwatari T, Kudo H, Sato A. Female mate preference for a costly ornament in male guppies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Head ML, Wong BBM, Brooks R. Sexual display and mate choice in an energetically costly environment. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15279. [PMID: 21151610 PMCID: PMC3000322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual displays and mate choice often take place under the same set of environmental conditions and, as a consequence, may be exposed to the same set of environmental constraints. Surprisingly, however, very few studies consider the effects of environmental costs on sexual displays and mate choice simultaneously. We conducted an experiment, manipulating water flow in large flume tanks, to examine how an energetically costly environment might affect the sexual display and mate choice behavior of male and female guppies, Poecilia reticulata. We found that male guppies performed fewer sexual displays and became less choosy, with respect to female size, in the presence of a water current compared to those tested in still water. In contrast to males, female responsive to male displays did not differ between the water current treatments and females exhibited no mate preferences with respect to male size or coloration in either treatment. The results of our study underscore the importance of considering the simultaneous effects of environmental costs on the sexual behaviors of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Head
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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16
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Wilson RS, Condon CH, David G, Fitzgibbon S, Niehaus AC, Pratt K. Females prefer athletes, males fear the disadvantaged: different signals used in female choice and male competition have varied consequences. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:1923-8. [PMID: 20181563 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly assumed cost for exaggerated male ornamentation is increased predation pressure owing to decreased locomotor performance or increased conspicuousness to predators. Despite its intuitive basis, the locomotor costs of male ornamentation are not well established. We tested the hypothesis that multiple male signals that are used independently during female choice and male competition could lead to varied locomotor costs. Multiple signals with varied costs could provide a more detailed indicator of overall male quality, as only the highest-quality individuals could support all costs. To test this idea, we investigated the burst locomotor consequences of multiple ornaments for males of the pacific blue-eye (Pseudomugil signifer). We evaluated five competing models relating body size, ornament size and performance traits to field measures of dominance and attractiveness. Non-propulsive male fin ornaments used during male competition were different from those used in female choice. First dorsal fin length was the most important predictor of male attractiveness, while dominance was only associated with anal fin length. Furthermore, first dorsal fin length was positively correlated with swim speed, while anal fin length was negatively associated with speed. Our study shows that multiple male signals that are used independently during male competition and female choice also differ in their associated costs. This provides a mechanism for understanding why locomotor costs for exaggerated male ornamentation are not often empirically demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie S Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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17
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Oufiero CE, Garland T. Repeatability and correlation of swimming performances and size over varying time-scales in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Calsbeek R, Irschick DJ. The quick and the dead: correlational selection on morphology, performance, and habitat use in island lizards. Evolution 2007; 61:2493-503. [PMID: 17725626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection is an important driver of microevolution. Yet, despite significant theoretical debate, we still have a poor understanding of how selection operates on interacting traits (i.e., morphology, performance, habitat use). Locomotor performance is often assumed to impact survival because of its key role in foraging, predator escape, and social interactions, and shows strong links with morphology and habitat use within and among species. In particular, decades of study suggest, but have not yet demonstrated, that natural selection on locomotor performance has shaped the diversification of Anolis lizards in the Greater Antilles. Here, we estimate natural selection on sprinting speed and endurance in small replicate island populations of Anolis sagrei. Consistent with past correlational studies, long-limbed lizards ran faster on broad surfaces but also had increased sprint sensitivity on narrow surfaces. Moreover, performance differences were adaptive in the wild. Selection favored long-limbed lizards that were fast on broad surfaces, and preferred broad substrates in nature, and also short-limbed lizards that were less sprint sensitive on narrow surfaces, and preferred narrow perches in nature. This finding is unique in showing that selection does not act on performance alone, but rather on unique combinations of performance, morphology, and habitat use. Our results support the long-standing hypothesis that correlated selection on locomotor performance, morphology, and habitat use drives the evolution of ecomorphological correlations within Caribbean Anolis lizards, potentially providing a microevolutionary mechanism for their remarkable adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Calsbeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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