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Kondoh D, Kaneoya Y, Tonomori W, Kitayama C. Histological features and Gα olf expression patterns in the nasal cavity of sea turtles. J Anat 2023; 243:486-503. [PMID: 37042468 PMCID: PMC10439381 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea turtles use olfaction to detect volatile and water-soluble substances. The nasal cavity of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) comprises morphologically defined the anterodorsal, anteroventral, and posterodorsal diverticula, as well as a single posteroventral fossa. Here, we detailed the histological features of the nasal cavity of a mature female green turtle. The posterodorsal diverticulum contained spongy-like venous sinuses and a wave-shaped sensory epithelium that favored ventilation. Secretory structures that were significant in sensory and non-sensory epithelia were probably involved in protection against seawater. These findings suggested that green turtles efficiently intake airborne substances and dissolve water-soluble substances in mucous, while suppressing the effects of salts. In addition, positive staining of Gαs/olf that couples with olfactory, but not vomeronasal, receptors was predominant in all three types of sensory epithelium in the nasal cavity. Both of airborne and water-soluble odorants seemed to be detected in cells expressing Gαolf and olfactory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondoh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuka Kaneoya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Wataru Tonomori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chiyo Kitayama
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kondoh D, Kawai YK, Watanabe K, Muranishi Y. Artiodactyl livestock species have a uniform vomeronasal system with a vomeronasal type 1 receptor (V1R) pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sakuma A, Zhang Z, Suzuki E, Nagasawa T, Nikaido M. A transcriptomic reevaluation of the accessory olfactory organ in Bichir (Polypterus senegalus). ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2022; 8:5. [PMID: 35135614 PMCID: PMC8822828 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-022-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fish possess one olfactory organ called the olfactory epithelium (OE), by which various chemical substances are detected. On the other hand, tetrapods possess two independent olfactory organs called the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO), each of which mainly detects general odorants and pheromones, respectively. Traditionally, the VNO, so-called concentrations of vomeronasal neurons, was believed to have originated in tetrapods. However, recent studies have identified a primordial VNO in lungfish, implying that the origin of the VNO was earlier than traditionally expected. In this study, we examined the presence/absence of the VNO in the olfactory organ of bichir (Polypterus senegalus), which is the most ancestral group of extant bony vertebrates. In particular, we conducted a transcriptomic evaluation of the accessory olfactory organ (AOO), which is anatomically separated from the main olfactory organ (MOO) in bichir. As a result, several landmark genes specific to the VNO and MOE in tetrapods were both expressed in the MOO and AOO, suggesting that these organs were not functionally distinct in terms of pheromone and odorant detection. Instead, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that DEGs in AOO were enriched in genes for cilia movement, implying its additional and specific function in efficient water uptake into the nasal cavity other than chemosensing. This transcriptomic study provides novel insight into the long-standing question of AOO function in bichir and suggests that VNO originated in the lineage of lobe-finned fish during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Sakuma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Zicong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Suzuki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nagasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
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Abstract
In this review, we describe proposed circuits mediating the mechanism of action of pherines, a new class of synthetic neuroactive steroids with demonstrated antianxiety and antidepressant properties, that engage nasal chemosensory receptors. We hypothesize that afferent signals triggered by activation of these peripheral receptors could reach subgroups of olfactory bulb neurons broadcasting information to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the limbic amygdala. We propose that chemosensory inputs triggered by pherines project to centrolateral (CeL) and centromedial (CeM) amygdala neurons, with downstream effects mediating behavioral actions. Anxiolytic pherines could activate the forward inhibitory GABAergic neurons that facilitate the release of neuropeptide S (NPS) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and GABA in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and inhibit catecholamine release in the LC and ventral tegmental area (VTA) leading to rapid anxiolytic effect. Alternatively, antidepressant pherines could facilitate the CRH and GABAergic neurons that inhibit the release of NPS from the LC, increase glutamate release from the BNST, and increase norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin release from the LC, VTA, and raphe nucleus, respectively. Activation of these neural circuits leads to rapid antidepressant effect. The information provided is consistent with this model, but it should be noted that some steps on these pathways have not been demonstrated conclusively in the human brain.
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Abdali SS, Nakamuta S, Yamamoto Y, Nakamuta N. Distribution of cells expressing vomeronasal receptors in the olfactory organ of turtles. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1068-1079. [PMID: 32727968 PMCID: PMC7468070 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, the olfactory organ of vertebrates consists of the olfactory epithelium (OE)
and the vomeronasal organ (VNO). The OE contains ciliated olfactory receptor neurons
(ORNs), while the VNO contains microvillous ORNs. The ORNs in the OE express odorant
receptors (ORs), while those in the VNO express type 1 and type 2
vomeronasal receptors (V1Rs and V2Rs). In turtles, the
olfactory organ consists of the upper (UCE) and lower chamber epithelia (LCE). The UCE
contains ciliated ORNs, while the LCE contains microvillous ORNs. Here we investigated the
distribution of cells expressing vomeronasal receptors in the olfactory organ of turtles.
The turtle vomeronasal receptors were encoded by two V1R genes and two
V2R genes. Among them, V2R1 and V2R26
were mainly expressed in the LCE, while V1R3 was expressed both in the
UCE and LCE. Notably, vomeronasal receptors were expressed by a limited number of ORNs,
which was confirmed by the expression of the gene encoding TRPC2, an ion channel involved
in the signal transduction of vomeronasal receptors. Furthermore, expression of
ORs by the majority of ORNs was suggested by the expression of the gene
encoding CNGA2, an ion channel involved in the signal transduction of ORs. Thus, olfaction
of turtle seems to be mediated mainly by the ORs rather than the vomeronasal receptors.
More importantly, the relationship between the fine structure of ORNs and the expression
of olfactory receptors are not conserved among turtles and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sharif Abdali
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakamuta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakamuta
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Fatsini E, Bautista R, Manchado M, Duncan NJ. Transcriptomic profiles of the upper olfactory rosette in cultured and wild Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) males. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 20:125-135. [PMID: 27689822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were the characterization of the upper olfactory epithelium of cultured and wild Senegalese sole mature males at histological and transcriptomic (using RNA-Seq) level. No significant differences in tissue structure, cell types and cellular distribution pattern (olfactory sensory neurons) were identified between cultured and wild specimens. Deep transcriptomic analysis showed 2387 transcripts were differentially expressed between cultured and wild groups. A detailed analysis identified the differentially expressed transcripts included some olfactory receptors (OR, TAAR and V2R-like) and transcripts related with the control of reproduction such as the brain aromatase cytochrome P450 and tachykinin-3. Also a wide set of genes related with lipid sensing, metabolism and transport were differentially expressed and these transcripts were often down-regulated in cultured fish. Furthermore, cultured males presented a higher expression of genes related with goblet cells and mucin production that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses. All these changes in gene expression could be explained by different nutritional status and diet preference. The different expression of transcripts related to olfaction, reproduction, nutrient sensing and immune system demonstrate distinct differences in functionalities between cultured and wild soles providing new clues about the sexual dysfunction in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fatsini
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita Ctra. de Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - R Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Edificio de Bioinnovación, C/ Severo Ochoa 34, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - N J Duncan
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita Ctra. de Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
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Lee KH, Park C, Kim J, Moon C, Ahn M, Shin T. Histological and lectin histochemical studies of the vomeronasal organ of horses. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:361-9. [PMID: 27233915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The morphological characteristics and glycoconjugate composition of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the horse was investigated using histological, immunohistochemical, and lectin histochemical methods. The VNO is bilaterally located at the base of the nasal septum, has a tubular structure surrounded by cartilage, and consists of sensory and non-sensory epithelia. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) consisted of receptor cells positive for both olfactory marker protein (OMP) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), supporting cells, and basal cells. VNO receptor cells were positive for G protein Gαi2 (vomeronasal receptor type 1 marker), but not Gαo (vomeronasal receptor type 2 marker). Lectin histochemical studies using 21 biotinylated lectins showed that the free border of the VSE was positive for 20 lectins. The receptor and supporting cells reacted with 16 lectins while the basal cells reacted with 15 lectins, with varying intensities. In the vomeronasal non-sensory epithelium, the free border was positive for 19 lectins. The cilated cells were positive for 17 lectins and the basal cells were positive for 15 lectins. The vomeronasal glands, positioned in the lamina propria, were stained with both periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (pH 2.5). Eighteen lectins stained the acinar cells of the vomeronasal glands with various binding patterns. These findings suggest that horse VNO receptor cells express vomeronasal receptor type 1, and the VNO glands have mucous to seromucous characteristics. Moreover, each lectin differentially binds each cell type in both the VNO sensory and non-sensory epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyup Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Seowon Equine Clinic, Iljudong-ro 38, Jeju 63295, Republic of Korea
| | - Changnam Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030215, Japan
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Abellán A, Desfilis E, Medina L. The olfactory amygdala in amniotes: an evo-devo approach. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1317-32. [PMID: 23904411 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In tetrapods, the medial amygdala is a forebrain center that integrates olfactory and/or vomeronasal signals with the endocrine and autonomic systems, playing a key role in different social behaviors. The vomeronasal system has undergone important changes during evolution, which may be behind some interspecies differences in chemosensory-mediated social behavior. These evolutionary changes are associated with variations in vomeronasal-recipient brain structures, including the medial amygdala. Herein, we employed an evolutionary developmental biology approach for trying to understand the function and evolution of the medial amygdala. For that purpose, we reviewed published data on fate mapping in mouse, and the expression of orthologous developmental regulatory genes (Nkx2.1, Lhx6, Shh, Tbr1, Lhx9, Lhx5, Otp, and Pax6) in embryos of mouse, chicken, emydid turtles, and a pipid frog. We also analyzed novel data on Lhx9 and Otp in a lacertid lizard. Based on distinct embryonic origin and genetic profile, at least five neuronal subpopulations exist in the medial amygdala of rodents, expressing either Nkx2.1/Lhx6, Shh, Lhx9, Otp/Lhx5, or Pax6. Each neuronal subpopulation appears involved in different functional pathways. For example, Lhx6 cells are specifically activated by sex pheromones and project to preoptic and hypothalamic centers involved in reproduction. Based on data in nonmammals, at least three of these neuronal subtypes might have been present in the medial amygdala of the amniote common ancestor. During mammalian evolution, the downregulation of Nkx2.1 in the alar hypothalamus may have been a driving force for an increment of the Otp/Lhx5 subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abellán
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Evolution, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Kondoh D, Koshi K, Ono HK, Sasaki K, Nakamuta N, Taniguchi K. Identification of G protein α subunits in the main olfactory system and vomeronasal system of the Japanese Striped snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:381-5. [PMID: 23090693 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the olfactory system, G proteins couple to the olfactory receptors, and G proteins expressed in the main olfactory system and vomeronasal system vary according to animal species. In this study, G protein α subunits expressed in the main olfactory system and vomeronasal system of the snake were identified by immunohistochemistry. In the olfactory epithelium, only anti-Gαolf/s antibody labeled the cilia of the receptor cells. In the vomeronasal epithelium, only anti-Gαo antibody labeled the microvilli of the receptor cells. In the accessory olfactory bulb, anti-Gαo antibody stained the whole glomerular layer. These results suggest that the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system of the snake express Gαolf and Gαo as G proteins coupling to the olfactory receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Yokosuka M. Histological properties of the glomerular layer in the mouse accessory olfactory bulb. Exp Anim 2012; 61:13-24. [PMID: 22293668 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the vomeronasal system (VS) originating from the vomeronasal organ (VNO; also called "Jacobson's organ") is considered to be a chemosensory system that recognizes "pheromone" signals. In the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), the primary center of the VS, the glomerular cell layer (GL) of the AOB is regarded as an important functional area in the transmission of pheromone signals from vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) of the VNO. In mice, the most frequently used animal model for the study of the VS, the GL of the AOB has several unique histological properties when compared with the main olfactory bulb (MOB): (i) each glomerular size is far smaller than in the MOB; (ii) many juxtaglomerular cells (JGCs) are GABA immunopositive, but subpopulations of cells distributed in the AOB are tyrosine hydroxylase- or calcium-binding protein immunopositive; and (iii) the dendritic branching pattern of the JGC in the AOB is heteromeric. The biological significance of the mammalian VS is still debated. The unique histological properties of the mouse AOB summerized in the present review may give some useful information that may help in understanding the function of the mammalian VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yokosuka
- Department of Comparative and Behavioral Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Carnicelli V, Santoro A, Sellari-Franceschini S, Berrettini S, Zucchi R. Expression of Trace Amine-Associated Receptors in Human Nasal Mucosa. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-010-9075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Castellanos N, Martínez-Marcos A, Martínez-García F, Lanuza E. Chemosensory Function of the Amygdala. VITAMINS & HORMONES 2010; 83:165-96. [DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(10)83007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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