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Kazemi Z, Jafari AJ, Kermani M, Kalantary RR. Evaluating the photocatalytic performance of MOF coated on glass for degradation of gaseous styrene under visible light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1083. [PMID: 38212370 PMCID: PMC10784502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Styrene is a volatile organic compound with various applications, especially in the plastics and paint industries. Exposure to it leads to symptoms such as weakness, suppression of the central nervous system, and nausea, and prolonged exposure to it increases the risk of cancer. Its removal from the air is a topic that researchers have considered. Various methods such as absorption, membrane separation, thermal and catalytic oxidation, biofiltration have been used to remove these compounds. The disadvantages of these compounds include the need for high energy, production of secondary pollutants, large space, providing environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) and long time. The photocatalyst process is considered as an advanced process due to the production of low and safe secondary pollutants. MOFs are nanoparticles with unique photocatalytic properties that convert organic pollutants into water and carbon dioxide under light irradiation and in environmental conditions, which prevent the production of secondary pollutants. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of MIL100 (Fe) nanoparticles coated on glass in removing styrene vapor from the air. Surface morphology, crystal structure, pore size, functional groups, and chemical composition of the catalyst were analyzed by SEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, and EDX analysis. The effect of parameters such as initial pollutant concentration, temperature, time, relative humidity, and nanoparticle concentration was evaluated as effective parameters in the removal process. Based on the results, MIL100 (Fe) 0.6 g/l with an 89% removal rate had the best performance for styrene removal. Due to its optimal removal efficiency, it can be used to degrade other air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadyan M, Moosazadeh M, Borji A, Khanjani N, Rahimi Moghadam S, Behjati Moghadam AM. Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to styrene in Neyshabur electronic industries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11920-11927. [PMID: 30825126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is one of the essential components in making thousands of everyday products. Occupational exposure to styrene causes pulmonary, neurological, genetic and ocular complications, and leukemia and affects reproduction. The aim of this study was to assess the health risks of exposure to styrene in the electronics industry of Neyshabur, Iran. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in three electronics industries, in Neyshabur city, in 2017-2018. Occupational exposure to styrene was measured according to the NIOSH1501 method, using a low-flow rate sampling pump (0.2 L/min) and an active charcoal absorber tube. Health risk assessment was done according to the Singapore semi-quantitative method and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (OEHHA) method. The average occupational exposure to styrene in men employed in the compact plastic parts production halls was 79.61 mg m-3 (range 28-208.33). 45.8% of exposed subjects (27 people) encountered exposure above the permitted limit. The average lifetime carcinogenic risk of styrene was 1.4 × 10-3; therefore, 100% (59 people) had a definite risk of getting cancer. The highest lifetime risk of getting cancer was observed in plastic injection device users (1.9 × 10-3) and then in shift managers (1.6 × 10-3). The results of this study indicate a definite risk of getting cancer for all workers. Strategies to reduce workers exposure to styrene through engineering controls and routine measurements are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammadyan
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Basic Sciences Department, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Mohamadyan M, Moosazadeh M, Borji A, Khanjani N, Moghadam SR. Occupational exposure to styrene and its relation with urine mandelic acid, in plastic injection workers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:62. [PMID: 30635735 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic injection industry workers are exposed to toxic gases and vapors, including styrene. This study aimed to measure exposure to styrene and its relation with urine mandelic acid among plastics injection workers of the electrical parts industry. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the plastic injection halls of the electronics industry, in winter 2017 and spring 2018. Styrene gas in the workers' respiratory region was sampled by the NIOSH 1501 method and was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MAS). Mandelic acid concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical data analysis was performed with STATA11. The mean of age and working experience in the population under study were 32.4 ± 8.1 and 6.4 ± 5 years, respectively. The average exposure to styrene was 83.2 ± 32.4 mg·m-3 and the mean of urine mandelic acid was 1570.1 ± 720.6 mg·g ceratinine-1. There were 24 workers (45.3%) exposed to levels above permissible limits recommended by national and international organizations. There was a positive and significant correlation between exposure to styrene and urine mandelic acid (P = 0.006, r = 0.4). In multivariate regression, occupational exposure to styrene (P = 0.002, β = 0.5) was the strongest variable, predicting the amount of urine mandelic acid. Increased occupational exposure to styrene increases mandelic acid in the urine, and applying control measures to reduce exposure to styrene vapor is recommended in high exposure situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohamadyan
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Absalte Borji
- Basic sciences Development, Assistant Professor, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Xu C, Liu Q, Liu H, Héroux P, Zhang Q, Jiang ZY, Gu A. Low Serum Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Elevated Urinary Mandelic Acid, and Strontium Levels in Adult Men According to the US 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127451. [PMID: 25996772 PMCID: PMC4440739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the effects of environmental exposure of chemicals on androgenic system in the general population. We studied 5,107 subjects included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2012). METHODS Urinary, serum, and blood levels of 15 subclasses comprising 110 individual chemicals were analyzed for their association with serum testosterone levels. The subjects were divided into high and low testosterone groups according to the median testosterone concentration (374.51 ng/dL). Odds ratios (ORs) of individual chemicals in association with testosterone were estimated using logistic regression after adjusting for age, ethnicity, cotinine, body mass index, creatinine, alcohol, and the poverty income ratio. RESULTS Adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quartiles of exposure were 2.12 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.21; Ptrend = 0.044), 1.84 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.34; Ptrend = 0.018) for the association between urinary mandelic acid, and strontium quartiles with low testosterone concentrations in adult men, respectively. However, no association was observed for the remaining chemicals with testosterone. CONCLUSIONS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data suggest that elevations in urinary mandelic acid, and strontium levels are negatively related to low serum testosterone levels in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul Héroux
- InVitroPlus Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, United States of America
| | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (AG); (ZYJ)
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (AG); (ZYJ)
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Yevglevskis M, Bowskill CR, Chan CCY, Heng JHJ, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6737-44. [PMID: 25050409 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acid is a chiral metabolite of the industrial pollutant styrene and is used in chemical skin peels, as a urinary antiseptic and as a component of other medicines. In humans, S-mandelic acid undergoes rapid chiral inversion to R-mandelic acid by an undefined pathway but it has been proposed to proceed via the acyl-CoA esters, S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, in an analogous pathway to that for Ibuprofen. This study investigates chiral inversion of mandelic acid using purified human recombinant enzymes known to be involved in the Ibuprofen chiral inversion pathway. Both S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA were hydrolysed to mandelic acid by human acyl-CoA thioesterase-1 and -2 (ACOT1 and ACOT2), consistent with a possible role in the chiral inversion pathway. However, human α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) was not able to catalyse exchange of the α-proton of S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, a requirement for chiral inversion. Both S- and R-2-phenylpropanoyl-CoA were epimerised by AMACR, showing that it is the presence of the hydroxy group that prevents epimerisation of R- and S-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoAs. The results show that it is unlikely that 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in the chiral inversion of mandelic acid, and that the chiral inversion of mandelic acid is via a different pathway to that of Ibuprofen and related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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