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Walker D, Gardner MT, Dennis H, Voutchkov M. A simple assessment of the effect of strontium on the urinary excretion of calcium in Sprague Dawley rats. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:53. [PMID: 36930293 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the impact of varying concentrations of strontium (Sr) on calcium (Ca) excretion via the urine and determine its impact on kidney stone formation. Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 200 and 300 g were selected. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of five. One group was used as a control group while the other three groups were experimental. The diet of the rats was modulated over a 12 week period to investigate the impact of Sr on the urinary excretion of Ca. Urinary samples were collected every 2 weeks from the rats. The rats were fed water ad libitum. After the study the rats were euthanised and their kidneys harvested. Urine and kidney samples from the rats were analysed using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). In the urine excretion of Ca increased with increased intake of Sr in the diet. Sr excretion via the urine also increased with increased dietary intake. There was a correlation of 0.835 at the significance level of 0.01 between Ca and Sr in the urine. However, for the kidneys, the varying concentration of Sr did not impact the retention of Ca in the kidneys. There was increased retention of Sr in the kidneys with increased dietary intake. In this study an increase of Sr in the diet resulted in an increase in urinary excretion of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrion Walker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Michael T Gardner
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Haile Dennis
- International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Mitko Voutchkov
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Miao Y, Liu L, Liu C, Deng YL, Chen PP, Luo Q, Cui FP, Zhang M, Lu WQ, Zeng Q. Urinary biomarker of strontium exposure is positively associated with semen quality among men from an infertility clinic. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111694. [PMID: 33396025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that nonradioactive strontium (Sr), in the form of Sr2+, have a positive effect on semen quality, but human evidence is lacking. This study aimed to examine the associations between nonradioactive Sr exposure and semen quality in Chinese men (n = 394). We recruited men who presented at an infertility clinic in Wuhan, China to seek for semen parameter analyses. Urinary Sr concentration as an exposure biomarker was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. We estimated the associations between urinary Sr concentrations and semen parameters using multivariable logistic and linear regression models. In multivariable linear regressions models, positive dose-response associations were estimated for sperm concentration, motility, and count across increasing urinary Sr quartiles (all p for trends<0.05), and the consistent positive associations were also observed for urinary Sr concentration modeled as a continuous exposure. In multivariable logistic models, decreased risks of below-reference sperm concentration, motility, and count were also estimated across increasing urinary Sr quartiles (all p for trends<0.05). Our results suggest that nonradioactive Sr exposure may have a beneficial effect on semen quality, but more investigations are warranted to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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3
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Muñoz D, Grijota FJ, Siquier-Coll J, Toro-Román V, Bartolomé I, Maynar-Mariño M. Effect of a maximal exercise test on serum and urinary concentrations of magnesium, phosphorous, rubidium and strontium in athletes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126572. [PMID: 32512477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to determine the changes induced by a maximal exercise test until exhaustion on the serum and urinary concentrations of Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorous (P), Rubidium (Rb) and Strontium (Sr) in athletes (AG) and sedentary students (SG). METHODS Fifty subjects participated in the study divided into two groups. In AG there were twenty-five male athletes and in SG there were twenty-five male sedentary students. Both groups performed an exercise test until exhaustion, starting at 8 or 10 km/h respectively, and increasing the speed at 1 km/h every 400 m. Serum and urine samples were obtained from all participants before and after the test. RESULTS Regarding the basal status, AG showed lower values of Mg in serum (p < 0.05) and urine (p < 0.01), but higher concentrations of serum P (p < 0.05) in comparison to SG. Comparing the pre and post-test values, corrected or non-corrected for hemoconcentration in serum and for creatinine in urine, AG showed a decrease in serum Mg (p < 0.05), in serum P (p < 0.01) and in urinary Sr (p < 0.01) while an increase was observed in urinary P (p < 0.05) and in urinary Rb (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that a treadmill test until exhaustion leads to changes in serum and urinary concentrations of minerals in both AG and SG males. This may reflect an adaptive response of the body to overcome the physical stress and, in some cases, to avoid loss of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Muñoz
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Grijota
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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Yang F, Yi X, Guo J, Xu S, Xiao Y, Huang X, Duan Y, Luo D, Xiao S, Huang Z, Yuan H, He M, Shen M, Chen X. Association of plasma and urine metals levels with kidney function: A population-based cross-sectional study in China. Chemosphere 2019; 226:321-328. [PMID: 30939371 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although environmental exposure to multiple metals is common, epidemiological studies on the associations of exposure to 23 metals with kidney function have not been analyzed. We aimed to investigate the associations of 23 metals levels with renal function. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in four rural regions of Hunan province. Plasma and urine metals levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Two-level logistic regression was used to investigate the associations of metals levels with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with adjustment for confounding factors. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of the results using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. RESULTS A total of 3553 participants completed the investigation. Five metals (plasma arsenic and molybdenum; urine copper, rubidium, and strontium) were identified to be significantly associated with renal function. Participants in the highest quartile of plasma arsenic and molybdenum were at 17.95 (95% CI: 6.35-50.76) and 24.23 (95% CI: 7.42-79.19) fold risk of abnormal eGFR, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. The highest quartiles of urine copper, rubidium, and strontium were associated with 3.70 (95% CI:1.92-7.14), 0.16 (95% CI:0.07-0.37) and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.03-0.21) fold risk of abnormal eGFR. The sensitivity analysis revealed that plasma arsenic, molybdenum and urine copper, rubidium and strontium levels retained similar associations with abnormal eGFR. CONCLUSION Plasma arsenic and molybdenum, and urine copper are risk factors for abnormal renal function, while urine rubidium and strontium are protective factors for renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha. 410083, China
| | - Xiping Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Tongji School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Vezzoli G, Macrina L, Rubinacci A, Spotti D, Arcidiacono T. Intestinal Calcium Absorption among Hypercalciuric Patients with or without Calcium Kidney Stones. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1450-1455. [PMID: 27284011 PMCID: PMC4974885 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.10360915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a frequent defect in calcium kidney stone formers that is associated with high intestinal calcium absorption and osteopenia. Characteristics distinguishing hypercalciuric stone formers from hypercalciuric patients without kidney stone history (HNSFs) are unknown and were explored in our study. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We compared 172 hypercalciuric stone formers with 36 HNSFs retrospectively selected from patients referred to outpatient clinics of the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan from 1998 to 2003. Calcium metabolism and lumbar bone mineral density were analyzed in these patients. A strontium oral load test was performed: strontium was measured in 240-minute urine and serum 30, 60, and 240 minutes after strontium ingestion; serum strontium concentration-time curve and renal strontium clearance were evaluated to estimate absorption and excretion of divalent cations. RESULTS Serum strontium concentration-time curve (P<0.001) and strontium clearance (4.9±1.3 versus 3.5±2.7 ml/min; P<0.001) were higher in hypercalciuric stone formers than HNSFs, respectively. The serum strontium-time curve was also higher in hypercalciuric stone formers with low bone mineral density (n=42) than in hypercalciuric stone formers with normal bone mineral density (n=130; P=0.03) and HNSFs with low (n=22; P=0.01) or normal bone mineral density (n=14; P=0.02). Strontium clearance was greater in hypercalciuric stone formers with normal bone mineral density (5.3±3.4 ml/min) than in hypercalciuric stone formers and HNSFs with low bone mineral density (3.6±2.5 and 3.1±2.5 ml/min, respectively; P=0.03). Multivariate regression analyses displayed that strontium absorption at 30 minutes was positively associated calcium excretion (P=0.03) and negatively associated with lumbar bone mineral density z score (P=0.001) in hypercalciuric stone formers; furthermore, hypercalciuric patients in the highest quartile of strontium absorption had increased stone production risk (odds ratio, 5.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 20.9; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS High calcium absorption in duodenum and jejunum may expose hypercalciuric patients to the risk of stones because of increased postprandial calcium concentrations in urine and tubular fluid. High calcium absorption may identify patients at risk of bone loss among stone formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Lorenza Macrina
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy; and
| | | | - Donatella Spotti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Teresa Arcidiacono
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy; and
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Xu C, Liu Q, Liu H, Héroux P, Zhang Q, Jiang ZY, Gu A. Low Serum Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Elevated Urinary Mandelic Acid, and Strontium Levels in Adult Men According to the US 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127451. [PMID: 25996772 PMCID: PMC4440739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the effects of environmental exposure of chemicals on androgenic system in the general population. We studied 5,107 subjects included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2012). METHODS Urinary, serum, and blood levels of 15 subclasses comprising 110 individual chemicals were analyzed for their association with serum testosterone levels. The subjects were divided into high and low testosterone groups according to the median testosterone concentration (374.51 ng/dL). Odds ratios (ORs) of individual chemicals in association with testosterone were estimated using logistic regression after adjusting for age, ethnicity, cotinine, body mass index, creatinine, alcohol, and the poverty income ratio. RESULTS Adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quartiles of exposure were 2.12 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.21; Ptrend = 0.044), 1.84 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.34; Ptrend = 0.018) for the association between urinary mandelic acid, and strontium quartiles with low testosterone concentrations in adult men, respectively. However, no association was observed for the remaining chemicals with testosterone. CONCLUSIONS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data suggest that elevations in urinary mandelic acid, and strontium levels are negatively related to low serum testosterone levels in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul Héroux
- InVitroPlus Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, United States of America
| | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (AG); (ZYJ)
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (AG); (ZYJ)
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Kato M, Kumasaka MY, Ohnuma S, Furuta A, Kato Y, Shekhar HU, Kojima M, Koike Y, Dinh Thang N, Ohgami N, Ly TB, Jia X, Yetti H, Naito H, Ichihara G, Yajima I. Comparison of Barium and Arsenic Concentrations in Well Drinking Water and in Human Body Samples and a Novel Remediation System for These Elements in Well Drinking Water. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66681. [PMID: 23805262 PMCID: PMC3689667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Health risk for well drinking water is a worldwide problem. Our recent studies showed increased toxicity by exposure to barium alone (≤700 µg/L) and coexposure to barium (137 µg/L) and arsenic (225 µg/L). The present edition of WHO health-based guidelines for drinking water revised in 2011 has maintained the values of arsenic (10 µg/L) and barium (700 µg/L), but not elements such as manganese, iron and zinc. Nevertheless, there have been very few studies on barium in drinking water and human samples. This study showed significant correlations between levels of arsenic and barium, but not its homologous elements (magnesium, calcium and strontium), in urine, toenail and hair samples obtained from residents of Jessore, Bangladesh. Significant correlation between levels of arsenic and barium in well drinking water and levels in human urine, toenail and hair samples were also observed. Based on these results, a high-performance and low-cost adsorbent composed of a hydrotalcite-like compound for barium and arsenic was developed. The adsorbent reduced levels of barium and arsenic from well water in Bangladesh and Vietnam to <7 µg/L within 1 min. Thus, we have showed levels of arsenic and barium in humans and propose a novel remediation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kato
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mayuko Y. Kumasaka
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohnuma
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Akio Furuta
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hossain U. Shekhar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Michiyo Kojima
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuko Koike
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nguyen Dinh Thang
- Department of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Vietnam National University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Thuy Bich Ly
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Husna Yetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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Chen LJ, Tang LY, He JR, Su Y, Cen YL, Yu DD, Wu BH, Lin Y, Chen WQ, Song EW, Ren ZF. Urinary strontium and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Guangzhou, China. Environ Res 2012; 112:212-217. [PMID: 22172139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Strontium has been widely used in industries like electronic and pharmacy. It has a carcinogenic potential, however, and no study has been conducted to evaluate its effects on cancer risk. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between strontium and breast cancer risk in a case-control study including 240 incident invasive breast cancer patients and 246 age-matched controls. We measured the urinary concentrations of strontium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and conducted face-to-face interviews to obtain information on potential breast cancer risk factors. Multivariable analysis was used to estimate the association. Creatinine-adjusted levels [median (25th, 75th) μg/g] of strontium were 155.59 (99.05, 230.70) in the breast cancer patients and 119.62 (81.97, 163.76) in the controls. Women in the highest tertile of strontium showed 124% increased risk of breast cancer, when compared with those in the lowest tertile after adjustment for the potential risk factors [OR (95% CI): 2.24 (1.42-3.81)]. This association was particularly strong for HER2 positive breast cancer [OR (95% CI): 10.92 (3.53-33.77)], and only occurred among premenopausal women. These results suggest a potential role of strontium in the development of breast cancer and urge further studies on the environmental contamination and the physiological and pathological mechanisms of strontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Chen
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
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9
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Abstract
Rapid methods for the isolation and analysis of individual actinides (Th, U, Pu, Am/Cm) and Sr, Tc and Po from small volumes of raw urine have been developed. The methods involve acidification of the sample and the addition of aluminum nitrate or aluminum chloride salting-out agent prior to isolation of the desired analyte using a tandem combination of prefilter material and extraction chromatographic resin. The method has been applied to the separation of individual analytes from spiked urine samples. Analytes were recovered in high yield and radionuclide purity with separation times as low as 30 min. The chemistry employed is compatible with automation on the ARSIIe instrument.
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10
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Carpentier X, Bazin D, Combes C, Mazouyes A, Rouzière S, Albouy PA, Foy E, Daudon M. High Zn content of Randall's plaque: a μ-X-ray fluorescence investigation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:160-5. [PMID: 21763116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease, or nephrolithiasis, is a common ailment. Among the different risk factors usually associated with nephrolithiasis are dehydration, metabolic defects (especially with regard to calcium and oxalate). The presence of a mineral deposit at the surface of the renal papilla (termed Randall's plaque) has all been recently underlined. Of note, Randall's plaque is made of the calcium phosphate, carbapatite, and serves as a nucleus for kidney stone formation. The process by which apatite nanocrystals nucleate and form Randall's plaque remains unclear. This paper deals with the possible relationship between trace elements and the formation of this mineral. The investigation has been performed on a set of Randall's plaques, extracted from human kidney stones, through μ-X-ray diffraction and μ-X-ray fluorescence analyses in order to determine the chemical composition of the plaque as well as the nature and the amount of trace elements. Our data provide evidence that Zn levels are dramatically increased in carbapatite of RP by comparison to carbapatite in kidney stones, suggesting that calcified deposits within the medullar interstitium are a pathological process involving a tissue reaction. Further studies, perhaps including the investigation of biomarkers for inflammation, are necessary for clarifying the role of Zn in Randall's plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bat 510, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France
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11
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12
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Höllriegl V, Li WB, Oeh U. Human biokinetics of strontium--part II: Final data evaluation of intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of strontium in human subjects after stable tracer administration. Radiat Environ Biophys 2006; 45:179-85. [PMID: 16897061 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fractional intestinal absorption (f1 value) and urinary excretion of strontium in healthy human volunteers has been measured by simultaneous oral and intravenous administration of the stable isotopes 86Sr and 84Sr using the double-isotope method. Final evaluation of the complete data set confirmed that ingestion of different foodstuff and nutritional factors could influence the fractional gut uptake of strontium. In some cases, significant deviations from the f1 value adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were found. The arithmetic mean (+/- standard deviation) of the f1 values of all experiments performed was determined to be 0.46 (+/- 0.24). The probability distribution function of the f1 values is represented by a lognormal curve with a geometric mean of 0.38 and a geometric standard deviation of 2.06. Urinary excretion in all subjects varied depending on the administered foodstuff in a wide range and differs from the ICRP model, up to 2 days after tracer administration. No age or gender dependence of the absorbed strontium fraction and of the urinary excretion of strontium after an oral load was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Höllriegl
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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13
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Sun L, Liu H, Chang JM, Liu KT, Yang PJ, Feng YB. [Determination of the contents of fourteen elements in urine of Xinjiang kuitun fluorine poisoning and arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients by ICP-AES]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2005; 25:1351-4. [PMID: 16329520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A method of determining the contents of K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Ni, Sr, Cr and Ti, fourteen elements, in urine of Xinjiang Kuitun fluorine poisoning and arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients was developed. The operation conditions of ICP-AES, and the lowest test concentration, precision and linear ranges were studied. The relative standard deviation of the method was 0.24%-2.47% (n=10), the average recoveries were 90.4%-00.5%. The contents of K and Na in urine of fluorine poisoning and arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients were higher than those of healthy contrast group. The contents of Ba, Co, Cu, Ni and Cr in the urine of arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients were higher than those of fluorine poisoning patients and healthy contrast group (P < 0.05). The contents of P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Al, Sr and Ti do not have statistic significance (P > 0.05). The method was sensitive, simple and accurate. The experiment data was reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Sun
- Xinjiang Medical University, Chemistry Department, Urumqi 830054, China
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14
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Abstract
Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S O'Brien
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Lower Plenty Road, Yallambie, Victoria 3085, Australia. Richard.O'
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15
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Zittermann A, Bock P, Drummer C, Scheld K, Heer M, Stehle P. Lactose does not enhance calcium bioavailability in lactose-tolerant, healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:931-6. [PMID: 10731499 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.4.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence from animal studies that lactose has a beneficial effect on intestinal calcium absorption. However, data concerning the effect of lactose on calcium absorption in lactose-tolerant adults are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the effect of lactose on calcium bioavailability in humans by the use of a stable-strontium test under controlled metabolic conditions. DESIGN Eleven healthy, lactose-tolerant subjects (8 women, 3 men) randomly received a bolus of 2.27 mmol strontium alone (load A), the bolus with 35 g lactose (load B), or the bolus with 17.5 g glucose and 17.5 g galactose (load C). Blood samples were drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240, and 300 min. Urine specimens were collected during the time intervals -2 to 0, 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-24 h. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic parameters of strontium bioavailability were comparable for all 3 loads. In detail, fractional absorption at 240 min for loads A, B, and C was 12.1 +/- 0.7%, 13.0 +/- 1.1%, and 12.2 +/- 0.7%, respectively. Areas under the curve for 0-240 min were 70.8 +/- 6.3, 69.6 +/- 3.5, and 65.8 +/- 5.1 micromol*h/L for loads A, B, and C, respectively (NS). Moreover, fractional strontium excretion values of 5.1 +/- 0.8% (load A), 5.8 +/- 0.4% (load B), and 5.2 +/- 0.8% (load C) were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Lactose does not have a beneficial effect on calcium bioavailability in lactose-tolerant adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zittermann
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Fukuda S, Iida H, Yan Y, Xie Y, Chen W. Removal of strontium by the chelating agent acetylamino propylidene diphosphonic acid in rats. Health Phys 1999; 76:489-494. [PMID: 10201561 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-199905000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the effects of the chelating agent, calcium acetylamino propylidene diphosphonic acid (Ca-APDA), on the removal of radioactive strontium with two administration modalities were carried out in rats. The parenteral (intraperitoneal) administration of 150, 300, or 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA was carried out for 3 d, 10 min after exposure of the animals to the strontium injection. On the first day post-treatment, the retention of strontium in the whole body decreased to 90.1%, 83.9%, and 35.1% that of the control level, respectively. The strontium deposited in femur of 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA group was lowered to 28.4% of the control value. A single oral dose of 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA administered simultaneously with, or 10 min after, oral administration of strontium, radionuclide retention in the whole body was reduced after 1 d to 42.9% and 31.9% of the control, respectively; meanwhile the strontium deposited in the femur was reduced to 16.9% and 29.3% of the control. In conclusion, the results indicate the efficacy of the new agent, Ca-APDA, to remove radioactive strontium from the body, or to inhibit the strontium intestinal absorption, in radio-strontium contaminated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Division of Radiotoxicology and Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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17
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Gonzalez-Reimers E, Rodriguez-Moreno F, Martinez-Riera A, Mas-Pascual A, Delgado-Ureta E, Galindo-Martin L, Arnay-de la Rosa M, Santolaria-Fernandez F. Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion. Biol Trace Elem Res 1999; 68:41-9. [PMID: 10208655 DOI: 10.1007/bf02784395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Strontium metabolism has attracted considerable interest because of to its interaction with calcium, the bone alterations detected after treatment with strontium, and its potential value as a paleodietary indicator. The effects of ethanol on strontium and barium metabolism-another divalent cation which also accumulates in bone--is largely unknown. Based on this fact, we have determined bone content and fecal and urinary excretion of Ba and Sr in four groups of eight animals each pair-fed for 8 wk with (1) a nutritionally adequate diet, (2) a 36% (as energy) ethanol-containing isocaloric diet, (3) a 2% protein, isocaloric diet, and (4) a 36% ethanol, 2% protein isocaloric diet, following the Lieber-DeCarli model. Five additional rats were fed with the control diet ad libitum. We have found that ethanol tends to decrease and a low protein diet to increase bone strontium content; the decrease in bone strontium in the ethanol-fed rats is accompanied by an increase in the absolute excretion of strontium in urine. Ethanol also decreases bone barium content, but the effect of ethanol on urinary barium excretion is opposite that of strontium, a decrease. Thus, we conclude that ethanol alters both barium and strontium metabolism and bone deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gonzalez-Reimers
- Departmento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands
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18
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Apostolidis N, Paradellis T, Karydas A, Manouras A, Katirtzoglou N, Mayopoulou-Symvoulidou D. Calcium and strontium metabolic studies in patients on CAPD. Perit Dial Int 1998; 18:410-4. [PMID: 10505563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strontium is known to affect calcium metabolism both experimentally and in clinical studies on conditions other than end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). OBJECTIVE To investigate Sr metabolism in relation to that of Ca in ESRF patients undergoing CAPD, and the possible influence of the duration of treatment. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING University medical center and Institute of Nuclear Physics. PATIENTS Twenty-four patients on CAPD; 14 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients not on dialysis, and 52 healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS Calcium and Sr content of serum, urine or dialysate effluent, and selected dietary products. RESULTS Calcium and Sr are absorbed by the intestinal tract of healthy subjects with equal efficiency. Serum Ca levels were considerably lower in CRF patients than in healthy subjects and patients on CAPD (p < 0.001). Serum Sr was significantly higher in both CAPD and CRF patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). The Sr/Ca ratio in the sera of the healthy subjects was defined by the preferential excretion of Sr over Ca by the kidney. This preferential excretion was lost during renal failure. During treatment there was a tendency for the uptake of both Ca and Sr to increase. CONCLUSIONS Strontium is accumulated in the body during renal failure and CAPD cannot restore normal levels. Considering the varying effects of different doses of Sr on bone metabolism experimentally, it would be interesting to determine by further studies the possible significance of the observed Sr accumulation for renal bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Apostolidis
- First Propaedeutic Surgical Clinic, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Greece
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19
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D'Haese PC, Van Landeghem GF, Lamberts LV, Bekaert VA, Schrooten I, De Broe ME. Measurement of strontium in serum, urine, bone, and soft tissues by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Clin Chem 1997; 43:121-8. [PMID: 8990233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the possible accumulation of Sr in chronic renal failure patients, methods were developed for the determination of the element in serum, urine, bone, and soft tissues by using Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum samples were diluted 1:4 with a Triton X-100-HNO3 mixture, whereas urine samples were diluted 1:20 with HNO3. Bone samples were digested with concentrated HNO3 in stoppered polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) tubes, whereas soft tissues were dissolved in a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution in water. For serum and urine we used matrix-matched calibration curves, whereas bone and tissue samples were measured against aqueous calibrators. Atomization was performed from the wall of pyrolytically coated graphite tubes for all of the matrices under study. Both inter- and intraassay CVs were <6% (n = 12, n = 10, respectively), and the recovery of added analyte was close to 100% for all of the biological matrices under study. Detection limits were 1.2 microg/L (serum), 0.3 microg/L (urine), 0.4 microg/g (bone), and 2.2 ng/g (soft tissues), whereas the sensitivity determined by the slope of the calibration curve, i.e., the amount of Sr producing a 0.0044 integrated absorbance change in signal, was 2.4 pg, 2.4 pg, 3.9 pg, and 2.6 pg for these matrices respectively. We conclude that the present methods are precise and accurate and easily applicable for both routine use and research investigations. They will allow us to study the metabolism of the element in chronic renal failure patients and shed some light on the association that was recently noted between increased bone Sr concentrations and the development of osteomalacia in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C D'Haese
- Department of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Abstract
The primary goal of radiation protection in decommissioning and decontamination of the old nuclear facilities of the CIEMAT is to monitor and minimize exposure of personnel. Monitoring programs include determination of actinides and 90Sr in biological samples. A technique for the sequential measurement of low levels of 239Pu, 241Am and 90Sr in urine samples has been developed. The method involves coprecipitation of these radionuclides as phosphates from bulk urine sample. Separation of Plutonium is carried out using a conventional anion exchange technique. Americium and strontium isolations are achieved sequentially by chromatographic extraction (Tru.Spec and Sr.Spec columns) from the load and rinse solutions coming from the anion exchange column. Plutonium and Americium measurements are performed by alpha spectrometry. The mean recovery obtained is 80% and the detection limit for 24 h urine sample (1.41) is 0.6 mBq L-1. 90Sr determination is made by liquid scintillation counting. The detection limit in this case is 1.1 E-01 Bq/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Radiological Protection Division, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Abstract
In 1986, a statistically significant excess of leukaemia was reported in young people living near the Dounreay Nuclear Establishment in northern Scotland. The committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARF) confirmed this finding and concluded that, based on conventional dose and risk estimates, the radioactive discharges from the plant could not be held responsible. However, COMARF, recognizing the uncertainties involved in the dose and risk calculations, recommended that levels of radioactivity should be measured in the general population living near the plant. Alpha-emitting contamination has been measured by urinary 239Pu analysis and 241Am in-vivo skull measurements in 66 subjects associated with the Dounreay area and in 42 subjects living remote from reprocessing plants. Whole-body counting was employed to check for gamma ray-emitting contamination. Urinary 90Sr and chromosome abnormality analyses were also carried out on subsets of the study group. No significant inter-group differences for measurements of contamination were demonstrated for groups of leukaemia cases, siblings, parents, matched local controls and controls living remote from reprocessing plants. The findings suggest that it is unlikely that the observed increased incidence in leukaemia is due to the single factor of personal radioactive contamination from the Dounreay Nuclear Establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Watson
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Southern General Hospital, NHS Trust, Scotland, UK
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22
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Rodgers AL, Barbour LJ, Pougnet BM, Lombard CJ, Ryall RL. Re-evaluation of the "week-end effect" data: possible role of urinary copper and phosphorus in the pathogenesis of renal calculi. J Trace Elem Med Biol 1995; 9:150-5. [PMID: 8605603 DOI: 10.1016/s0946-672x(11)80039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early morning urinary concentrations of 10 elements which had demonstrated a "week-end effect" in a previous study, were subjected to a normalization procedure thereby allowing a re-assessment of their potential role in urolithiasis. After transformation of each concentration to a weighted proportion of the total concentration on each day, only Cu and P values were significantly different for kidney stone formers and healthy controls on all three days indicating that these elements may play a role in the pathogenesis of renal calculi. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that a more meaningful picture of the possible differences in the urinary concentrations of stone formers and normal controls might emerge if "proportional" rather than "raw" concentrations are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Abstract
The body handles strontium (Sr) in a similar way to calcium (Ca) in that Sr is absorbed by the gut, concentrated in bone and excreted in urine and feces. In this study, rats were labelled with Sr during growth and later subjected to various treatments affecting bone resorption and Sr excretion was measured during and after treatment. Six weeks old Wistar rats were repeatedly s.c. injected with SrCl2. After a period of 2 weeks after the last Sr injection the rats were subjected to various treatments. Sr clearance was then measured weekly for 2 weeks. In the first experiment, the Sr labelled rats were sham-operated (sham) or ovariectomized (ovx) and urine collected afterwards. Sham rats were either treated with 4 daily s.c. clodronat injections at the beginning of the urine sampling, fed a low Ca diet (0.08% Ca) during the second sampling week or injected with saline. Urinary Sr excretion was decreased in the clodronate group during the first sampling week and increased in the Ca depleted group during feeding the low Ca diet. Sr excretion by ovx rats was similar to the sham control. In the second experiment, the effect of high-dose treatment with 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) or clodronate on bone resorption induced by Ca depletion was assessed by Sr output in urine and feces. Sr labelled rats were fed a low Ca diet and daily injected with 24,25(OH)2D3 or clodronate for 14 consecutive days. Clodronate significantly decreased Sr output during both sampling weeks. Treatment with 24,25(OH)2D3 resulted in an increased Sr output indicating an increase in bone resorption.
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24
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Harduin JC, Bataller G, Chevalier C, Piechowski J. Radiotoxicological intercomparisons organised by the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique group in France. Sci Total Environ 1993; 130-131:73-83. [PMID: 8469960 DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90061-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
People working in French nuclear plants are monitored either by whole body counting or by the measurement of biological samples. The radiochemical and radiometric procedures used have to be periodically reviewed. A working group, including practising biologists from CEA, EDF and the Armed Forces Health Service, instituted comparisons of radiotoxicological test assessments. Since 1978, about 60 intercomparisons have been made. Currently 30 European laboratories are involved in these intercomparisons. This paper provides a brief history of the intercomparison exercises, describes the logistics of sample collection and preparation, and presents the results, showing the position of each laboratory in relation to the reference and median values. Diagrams produced by radiochemical analysis, relating to plutonium in urine and in faecal samples, and to tritium, strontium and enriched uranium in urine, are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Harduin
- Compagnie Genérale des Matières Nucléaires (COGEMA) La Hague, Cherbourg, France
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25
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Colomina T, Llobet JM, Domingo JL, Corbella J. The effects of repeated administration of various chelating agents on the removal of strontium from the mouse. Vet Hum Toxicol 1991; 33:121-4. [PMID: 1903571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of repeated ip administration of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Kryptofix 222, 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6), ethylenglycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and Kryptofix 5 on the distribution and excretion of sc-injected strontium were investigated in male Swiss mice. Groups of 20 animals received 95 mg strontium nitrate/kg, and 10 min later ip treatment with one of the chelators or 0.9% saline was initiated and continued for 10 d. The animals were housed in plastic metabolism cages, and urine and feces were collected daily during the period of treatment. At the end of this period, the animals were killed and the concentration of strontium determined in their tissues. Only Kryptofix 5 and EGTA significantly increased the amount of strontium excreted into feces, whereas none of the chelators significantly enhanced the urinary elimination of strontium. Treatment with Kryptofix 5 significantly decreased the concentration of strontium in all tissues analyzed. Kryptofix 5 was the most effective agent of those tested in the removal of strontium after a single dose of strontium nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Colomina
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Reus, Spain
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26
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Llobet JM, Colomina MT, Domingo JL, Corbella J. Effect of chelating agents on tissue distribution and excretion of strontium following semichronic strontium ingestion. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1991; 71:243-6. [PMID: 2047570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of repeated ip administration of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenglycol-bis-(-amino-ethlylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), Kryptofix 222, tartaric acid, and Kryptofix 5 on strontium (Sr) excretion and Sr levels in selected mouse tissues were investigated following semichronic strontium nitrate ingestion (284 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. Chelating agents were injected daily for five days at 1/4 of their respective LD50 in two equally divided doses. Only Kryptofix 5 significantly increased the amount of Sr excreted into urine, whereas none of the chelators enhanced the fecal Sr elimination. A significant decrease in the concentration of Sr in bone, the primary tissue of Sr deposition, was observed after treatment with EGTA. Under these experimental conditions, none of the chelators tested was able to remove significant amounts of Sr following Sr ingestion for four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Llobet
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Reus, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of orally administered SrCl2 (2.5 mmol) were studied in six healthy male volunteers. In the overall plasma concentration time (C-t) curves, two absorption phases were observed due to two dominant intestinal absorption loci. A method was devised to obtain separately the plasma C-t curves associated with each of the two absorption loci (curve 1 and curve 2). These curves and the overall plasma C-t curve were analyzed with a nonlinear estimation program (PCNONLIN). Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD, n = 6) calculated from the overall curve were as follows: peak plasma concentration (Cmax) 3.55 +/- 1.22 micrograms/ml and area under the plasma C-t curve (AUC affinity) 9138 +/- 1930 micrograms.min/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from curve 1 were as follows: terminal plasma elimination half-life time 47.3 +/- 7.9 hour, the plasma elimination half-life time of the preceding phase 5.2 +/- 3.3 hour, Cmax 1 3.09 +/- 0.95 micrograms/ml, the first-order absorption rate constant for absorption locus 1 (Ka,1) 5.7 +/- 1.2 * 10(-2) minute-1 and the time lag (tlag,1) 11.7 +/- 7.9 minute. In three of the subjects the pharmacokinetic parameters of absorption locus 2 could be evaluated: Ka,2 = 4.6 +/- 0.4 * 10(-2) minute-1, tlag,2 = 77.3 +/- 4.0 minute, tmax,2 = 153 +/- 16 minute, Cmax,2 = 0.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml and AUC 2 affinity = 1204 +/- 565 micrograms. minute/ml. and AUC2 affinity = 0.14, indicating that 14% of the absorbed dose was absorbed via the second locus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Leeuwenkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The Sr/Ca ratios in plasma, urine, bone, and soft tissues for various ages after weaning in male and female rats were determined to examine the effects of aging on the discrimination between strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) under physiological conditions. Age-related changes in the Sr/Ca ratios were similar in all tissues; the Sr/Ca ratios decreased rapidly until about 25-wk-old and then slowly, from that period on, reaching much lower values than in the diet. When the logarithm of the Sr/Ca ratio in each tissue was plotted against the logarithm of age, a linear relationship was observed with statistically significant (p less than 0.05) regression lines. The higher levels of Sr/Ca ratios in all tissues of the younger rats could be explained by the high efficiency of Sr absorption by the small intestine early in life. Parameters for the equations between age and Sr/Ca ratio differed with tissues, suggesting the existence of specific discrimination mechanisms in each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugihira
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
The influence of postprandial-like plasma insulin levels on intestinal calcium absorption (CaA) was studied in 9 healthy men. On separate occasions, they received either an i.v. infusion of 40 mU/m2 minute synthetic human insulin as well as a variable glucose infusion in order to clamp the plasma glucose at the baseline level (= glucose clamp), or insulin- and glucose-free vehicle infusions (= vehicle). During these infusions, an oral load containing 326 mg Ca in the form of Ca chloride was administered and CaA was determined thereafter with a 47Ca/85Sr double tracer method. During glucose clamp, mean plasma insulin was 172 +/- (1 SEM) 10 as compared to 6 +/- 1 microU/ml during vehicle infusions. During the clamp, 3-hour cumulative CaA rose significantly by 14% as compared to vehicle (39.2 +/- 2.5 vs. 34.4 +/- 2%, P less than 0.02). AT the same time, serum potassium and phosphorus dropped significantly, whereas serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25(OH)2D levels were unchanged as compared to vehicle. The urinary excretions of potassium, sodium, and inorganic phosphorus, as well as the urinary specific activity of 47Ca, dropped significantly during glucose clamp, whereas the urinary excretion of cAMP was unchanged as compared to vehicle. The results suggest that, under the conditions of euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin stimulates CaA of healthy humans in a PTH- and 1,25(OH)2D-independent manner. Insulin may thus possibly be regarded as a factor participating in the regulation of CaA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rümenapf
- Deparmtent of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, FRG
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Schulten HR, Palavinskas R, Kriesten K. Time-dependent excretion of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, magnesium and strontium in the urine of a multiple sclerosis patient. Biomed Mass Spectrom 1983; 10:192-6. [PMID: 6850072 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Field desorption mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution have been used for direct trace analysis of metals in urine. Samples were collected over 24 h at 2 h intervals from a hospitalized multiple sclerosis patient. Quantitative determinations of Li+, Rb+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ from individual samples have been made and correlated with the amounts of urine excreted as well as with the time of day. The concentrations of Na+ and K+ were determined by flame photometry. The quantities of metals excreted in urine during the course of 24 h were 0.0129 mg for lithium, 4700 mg for sodium, 2100 mg for potassium, 1.4 mg for rubidium, 78.8 mg for magnesium and 0.2356 mg for strontium. The maximal absolute quantities excreted of all metals determined correspond with the largest volume of urine. The highest amounts of potassium, rubidium and strontium were found in urine during the daytime (8.00-20.00), whilst magnesium was excreted increasingly during the night hours (20.00-8.00). The excretion of lithium and sodium is fairly even over the entire 24 h period. It is noteworthy that similarities in the excretion profile and the concentration course are observed between Li+ and Na+ on one hand and between K+ and Rb+ on the other. Moreover, the lower concentration of Rb+ ions in urine of multiple sclerosis patients, in comparison to healthy individuals and clinical controls as reported previously, was confirmed.
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32
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Remagen W, Heitz P, Weidmann D, Schuppler J, Ohnacker O, del Pozo E. Comparative kinetics of 45Ca and 89Sr in chronic uremic syndrome in the rat. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1975; 165:271-84. [PMID: 1162188 DOI: 10.1007/bf01971387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In rats a chronic uremic syndrome was induced by 5/6 resection and subsequent irradiation of the kidneys. After 5 weeks 45Ca and 89Sr were injected simultaneously, and the different metabolic handling of the two elements was determined applying an open two-compartment model of Calcium kinetics. The uremic animals were compared with two groups of rats which were pairfed, and fed ad libitum, respectively. Besides an elevenfold faster urinary excretion when calculated with Sr, and which was reduced to about one half in the uremic rats, a significant discrimination by bone in favour of Ca was found, with a rather stable factor of 1.2 in the three groups. This is considered to evidence that urinary excretion and bon uptake of Sr are independent processes.
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33
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Dupuis Y, Digaud A, Gambier J, Fournier P. [Effects of treatment with vitamin D and lactose of a chronic deficiency in calcium utilization factors in rats]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1973; 21:397-403. [PMID: 4576178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Bryson MF, Forbes GB, Amirhakimi GH, Reina JC. Metabolic response to growth hormone administration, with particular reference to the occurrence of hypercalcuria. Pediatr Res 1972; 6:743-51. [PMID: 4648973 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-197210000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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35
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36
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Van Puymbroeck S, Van der Borght O. Enhancement of strontium absorption in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame by potassium and sodium and the determination of strontium in biological material. Anal Chim Acta 1971; 57:441-6. [PMID: 5132424 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Sutton A, Harrison GE, Carr TE, Barltrop D. Reduction in the absorption of dietary strontium in children by an alginate derivative. Br J Radiol 1971; 44:567. [PMID: 5090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Sutton A, Harrison BE, Carr TE, Barltrop D. Reduction in the absorption of dietary strontium in children by an alginate derivative. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1971; 19:79-85. [PMID: 5316591 DOI: 10.1080/09553007114550091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kahn B, Straub CP, Robbins PJ, Wellman HN, Seltzer RA, Telles NC. Retention of radiostrontium, strontium, calcium, and phosphorus by infants. Appendix A-H. Pediatrics 1969; 43:733-56. [PMID: 5781671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Kahn B, Straub CP, Robbins PJ, Wellman HN, Seltzer RA, Telles NC. Intake, excretion, and retention of stable strontium. Pediatrics 1969; 43:687-705. [PMID: 5778455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Carr TE, Harrison GE, Humphreys ER, Sutton A. Reduction in the absorption and retention of dietary strontium in man by alginate. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1968; 14:225-33. [PMID: 5303372 DOI: 10.1080/09553006814551031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Lang K, Schmidt B. [On the effect of stabile strontium on the metabolism of 90Sr and calcium in the growing rat]. Z Ernahrungswiss 1968; 9:67-82. [PMID: 5672416 DOI: 10.1007/bf02021995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gusmano EA, Concannon JN, Bozzo SR, Cohn SH. Evaluation of the parameters of strontium metabolism in the rat as a function of age. Radiat Res 1968; 33:540-53. [PMID: 5640793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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45
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Smith DA, Speirs CF, Shimmins J. The long-term skeletal retention and recirculation of 85Sr in man. Calcif Tissue Res 1967; 1:144-52. [PMID: 6060151 DOI: 10.1007/bf02008084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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47
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Spencer H, Samachson J, Hardy EP, Rivera J. Effect of stable calcium on strontium-90 absorption in man. J Nucl Med 1967; 8:398-9. [PMID: 6032733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Spreng P. Effect of parathyroid hormone and vitamin A on the retention of radiostrontium in the rat. Nature 1967; 214:513-4. [PMID: 6032889 DOI: 10.1038/214513a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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