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Maeda-Yamamoto M, Honmou O, Sasaki M, Haseda A, Kagami-Katsuyama H, Shoji T, Namioka A, Namioka T, Magota H, Oka S, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Ukai R, Takemura M, Nishihira J. The Impact of Purple-Flesh Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. "Shadow Queen" on Minor Health Complaints in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122446. [PMID: 35745176 PMCID: PMC9227939 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purple-flesh potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar "Shadow Queen" (SQ) naturally contains anthocyanins. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study determines whether ingesting purple potatoes increases the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and improves stress response, a minor health complaint in healthy adults (registration number: UMIN000038876). A total of 15 healthy subjects (ages: 50-70 years) with minor health complaints were randomly assigned to one of two groups. For 8 weeks, the placebo group received placebo potatoes cv. "Haruka" and the test group received test potato cv. SQ containing 45 mg anthocyanin. The MSC count and several stress responses were analyzed at weeks 0 and 8 of the intake periods. The ingestion of a SQ potato did not affect the MSC count but markedly improved psychological stress response, irritability, and depression as minor health complaints compared with "Haruka". No adverse effects were noted. Hence, an 8-week intake of SQ could improve stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-8800
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Akane Haseda
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan; (A.H.); (H.K.-K.); (J.N.)
| | - Hiroyo Kagami-Katsuyama
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan; (A.H.); (H.K.-K.); (J.N.)
| | - Toshihiko Shoji
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan;
| | - Ai Namioka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Takahiro Namioka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Hirotoshi Magota
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Ryou Ukai
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Takemura
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan; (A.H.); (H.K.-K.); (J.N.)
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United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Safety Review of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082742. [PMID: 34444905 PMCID: PMC8399837 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is marketed in the U.S. as a dietary supplement. USP conducted a comprehensive safety evaluation of GABA by assessing clinical studies, adverse event information, and toxicology data. Clinical studies investigated the effect of pure GABA as a dietary supplement or as a natural constituent of fermented milk or soy matrices. Data showed no serious adverse events associated with GABA at intakes up to 18 g/d for 4 days and in longer studies at intakes of 120 mg/d for 12 weeks. Some studies showed that GABA was associated with a transient and moderate drop in blood pressure (<10% change). No studies were available on effects of GABA during pregnancy and lactation, and no case reports or spontaneous adverse events associated with GABA were found. Chronic administration of GABA to rats and dogs at doses up to 1 g/kg/day showed no signs of toxicity. Because some studies showed that GABA was associated with decreases in blood pressure, it is conceivable that concurrent use of GABA with anti-hypertensive medications could increase risk of hypotension. Caution is advised for pregnant and lactating women since GABA can affect neurotransmitters and the endocrine system, i.e., increases in growth hormone and prolactin levels.
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Effects of onion extract containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides on sleep quality: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1755-1762. [PMID: 33282442 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was to examine the effects of onion extract containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides on improving sleep quality. In total, 30 healthy men and women who were dissatisfied with their sleep consumed the test food sample (onion extract tablets) for 5 days. The delta power during non-rapid eye movement sleep and the delta power per minute in the first sleep cycle increased significantly with the intake of onion extract containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides compared with the intake of placebo. A significant decline in sleep latency was also observed. Salivary α-amylase level, a stress indicator, decreased significantly with the intake of onion extract containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides compared with the intake of placebo. These findings indicate that onion extract containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides alleviates stress, improves the quality of sleep and promotes smooth transition into sleep.
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Hepsomali P, Groeger JA, Nishihira J, Scholey A. Effects of Oral Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Administration on Stress and Sleep in Humans: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:923. [PMID: 33041752 PMCID: PMC7527439 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. GABA's stress-reducing, and sleep enhancing effects have been established. However, although several human clinical trials have been conducted, results regarding the role of natural and/or biosynthetic oral GABA intake on stress and sleep are mixed. We performed a systematic review to examine whether natural and/or biosynthetic oral GABA intake has an effect on stress and sleep. We systematically searched on PubMed database for studies published up to February 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Only placebo-controlled human trials that assessed stress, sleep, and related psychophysiological outcomes as a response to natural GABA (i.e., GABA that is present naturally in foods) or biosynthetic GABA (i.e., GABA that is produced via fermentation) intake were included. Fourteen studies met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. Although more studies are needed before any inferences can be made about the efficacy of oral GABA consumption on stress and sleep, results show that there is limited evidence for stress and very limited evidence for sleep benefits of oral GABA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Groeger
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Hinton T, Jelinek HF, Viengkhou V, Johnston GA, Matthews S. Effect of GABA-Fortified Oolong Tea on Reducing Stress in a University Student Cohort. Front Nutr 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 30972340 PMCID: PMC6443991 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA-containing tea has gained popularity as an accessible intervention to reduce the impact of chronic stress-induced autonomic imbalance and increased risk for cardiovascular disease despite a lack of evidence concerning the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in a cup of the tea and its effects on physiological and psychological stress as measures of cognitive function. We aimed to measure the effects of GABA-fortified tea consumption on heart rate variability (HRV) and stress in 30 participants using a pre-post cohort study design. Ten minute lead II ECG recordings were analyzed with Kubios software. Frequency domain parameters including total power, high and low frequency power, along with heart rate, were determined. A control group that consumed a non-fortified tea was included in the research. Statistical analysis was by two-way ANOVA for two-group comparison with time as an interaction and a significance level of p < 0.05. Oolong tea consumption led to a significant decrease in the immediate stress score and a significant improvement in HRV. We conclude that autonomic imbalance and HRV in people with acute stress is significantly reduced following a cup of GABA fortified oolong tea and highlights the complex interaction between autonomic nervous system function and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hinton
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Viengkhou
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham A Johnston
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Slade Matthews
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Briguglio M, Dell'Osso B, Panzica G, Malgaroli A, Banfi G, Zanaboni Dina C, Galentino R, Porta M. Dietary Neurotransmitters: A Narrative Review on Current Knowledge. Nutrients 2018; 10:E591. [PMID: 29748506 PMCID: PMC5986471 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods are natural sources of substances that may exert crucial effects on the nervous system in humans. Some of these substances are the neurotransmitters (NTs) acetylcholine (ACh), the modified amino acids glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the biogenic amines dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and histamine. In neuropsychiatry, progressive integration of dietary approaches in clinical routine made it necessary to discern the more about some of these dietary NTs. Relevant books and literature from PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for data on food sources of Ach, glutamate, GABA, dopamine, 5-HT, and histamine. Different animal foods, fruits, edible plants, roots, and botanicals were reported to contain NTs. These substances can either be naturally present, as part of essential metabolic processes and ecological interactions, or derive from controlled/uncontrolled food technology processes. Ripening time, methods of preservation and cooking, and microbial activity further contributes to NTs. Moreover, gut microbiota are considerable sources of NTs. However, the significance of dietary NTs intake needs to be further investigated as there are no significant data on their bioavailability, neuronal/non neuronal effects, or clinical implications. Evidence-based interventions studies should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Briguglio
- Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Hospital, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, I.R.C.C.S. Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Scientific Direction, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Hospital, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Zanaboni Dina
- Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Hospital, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Galentino
- Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Hospital, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mauro Porta
- Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Hospital, 20161 Milan, Italy.
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Effect of functional yogurt NY-YP901 in improving the trait of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:1250-5. [PMID: 21697819 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to assess the beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome of functional yogurt NY-YP901 (Namyang Dairy Product Co. Ltd and Nutra R&BT Inc., Seoul, Korea) supplemented with mixture of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis and extra-ingredients containing Bifidobacterium breve (CBG-C2), Enterococcus faecalis FK-23, fibersol-2 and so on. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study was designed as an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Treatment and control groups consumed a functional yogurt NY-YP901 (150 ml) and a placebo yogurt twice a day, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting glucose with HbA1C and waist circumference were measured before and after treatment. Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals between the ages 20-65 years old who submitted an informed consent. RESULTS During the period August 2009 to December 2009, 101 healthy participants (31 males and 70 females) finished the study. Treatment group were 53 individuals, and the control group were 48 individuals. In the treatment group consuming NY-YP901, statistically significant beneficial changes were observed in body weight (treatment group vs control group=-0.24±1.50 vs +0.64±1.39 kg, P<0.05), BMI (-0.10±0.58 vs +0.24±0.50 kg/m(2), P<0.05 ) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-7.71±14.14 vs -0.43±15.32 mg/dl, P<0.05) after 8 weeks. The change in other parameters was not different between the treatment and the control groups. CONCLUSIONS The functional yogurt NY-YP901 reduced LDL-cholesterol, body weight and BMI in the subjects at a 300-ml consumption daily for 8 weeks. From these findings, regular intake of functional yogurt NY-YP901 may be consequently related to improve metabolic syndrome.
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