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Anqi-Liu, Jiali-Quan, Lingxian-Qiu, Yue-Huang, Wujian-Ke, Huachun-Zou, Ting-Wu, Xuqi-Ren. Attitudes toward an HPV vaccine for condyloma acuminata and willingness to undergo vaccination among STD clinic attendees in China: Focus on STI prevention with HPV vaccine. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1610. [PMID: 38886680 PMCID: PMC11181624 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a common, and recurrent sexually transmitted disease (STD) that greatly contributes to direct health care costs and has a substantial psychosocial impact. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (containing L1 protein for HPV types 6 and 11) effectively controls CA. OBJECTIVES We investigated attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for CA and willingness to undergo vaccination among STD clinic attendees in China. METHODS Attendees at STD clinics at two selected hospitals in Guangdong and Jiangsu Provinces from May to September 2017 were requested to complete a self-administered questionnaire for this cross-sectional study. RESULTS The participants' median age was 28 years (IQR: 24.0-34.0), and the sex ratio was balanced; 63.5% were from Guangdong, 36.5% were from Jiangsu, and 44.5% had a history of CA. The vaccine acceptance rate was high among the participants (85.8%,235/274) to whom the HPV vaccine for CA was available, especially among those who had heard of CA (89.0%, AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.29-7.63, p = 0.0114). 95 (34.7%) of 274 participants had a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccine for CA. STD clinic attendees who had heard of the connection between HPV and CA (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.31-5.00, p = 0.0060), had heard of the HPV vaccines or cervical cancer vaccines (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02-3.54, p = 0.0444) and had ever proactively discussed CA or the vaccine with others (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI:1.00-3.79, p = 0.0488) had better attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for CA. Over half of the participants (52.5%) expected the price of the HPV vaccine for CA to be under $90. CONCLUSION The acceptance of the HPV vaccine for CA was high among STD clinic attendees in China, and the participants' self-perceived knowledge of CA and HPV was associated with better attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for CA. Education to improve knowledge is vital for reducing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi-Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiali-Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingxian-Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue-Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wujian-Ke
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huachun-Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuqi-Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu H, Ling Y, Wang X, Wang H, Zhu N, Li Y, Xu H. Viral Metagenomics Reveals a Putative Novel HPV Type in Anogenital Wart Tissues. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121452. [PMID: 36558785 PMCID: PMC9781650 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral metagenomics is widely employed to identify novel viruses in biological samples. Recently, although numerous novel human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been identified in clinical samples including anogenital warts (AGWs), many novel HPV sequences remain to be discovered. In this study, a putative novel HPV type designated as HPV-JDFY01 was discovered from library GW05 with 63 sequence reads by the viral metagenomic technique. Its complete genomic sequence was determined by PCR to bridge the gaps between contigs combining Sanger sequencing. The complete genome of HPV-JDFY01 is a 7186 bp encoding 7 open reading frames (ORFs) (E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, L2 and L1) and contains a 487 bp long control region (LCR) between L1 and E6. Sequence and phylogeny analysis indicated that HPV-JDFY01 shared the highest sequence identity of 74.2% with HPV-mSK_244 (MH777383) and well clustered into the genus Gammapapillomavirus. It has the classical genomic organization of Gammapapillomaviruses. Epidemiological investigation showed that one out of the 413 AGW tissue samples was positive for HPV-JDFY01. Further research with large size and different type of samples should be performed to elucidate the epidemiologic status of HPV-JDFY01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huaian 223002, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huaian 223002, China
| | - Niannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-051185026785
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Efficacy and Safety of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau Cream vs. Podophyllin for the Treatment of Adults with Condyloma Acuminata. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1577716. [PMID: 35783521 PMCID: PMC9246565 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1577716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes condyloma acuminata (CA). Podophyllin is the standard treatment. Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans), a medicinal plant, has potent anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. C. nutans cream is widely used in Thailand to treat the herpes simplex virus. We proposed that C. nutans might also induce CA clearance. There are no studies of C. nutans treatment of CA. This randomized controlled trial at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019. CA samples were obtained from 10 men with at least two CAs 1 centimeter apart. Each wart was randomized to a 4-week treatment with either C. nutans or podophyllin. The participants were 24 to 72 years old. Most HPV types were low-risk HPVs (HPV 11, HPV 6). Median CA clearance with podophyllin was a 97% CA clearance with podophyllin and 82% with C. nutans. C. nutans may be an alternative treatment for CA.
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Sexual function and sexual quality of life in men with genital warts: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2022; 19:102. [PMID: 35477528 PMCID: PMC9044892 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection, usually passing from one person to another after the first sexual activity. Infection with this virus and the occurrence of genital warts (GWs) could have several effects on patients' health. This study was performed to evaluate the sexual function and sexual quality of life (SQOL) in men with GWs. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2020 with a sample size of 105 men with GWs in the dermatology clinic of Shahid Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the Sexual Quality of Life-Men (SQOL-M) questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive and inferential tests with SPSS software version 22. RESULTS The mean score for overall sexual function in men was 48.50 ± 8.89. About 35.2% of men had overall sexual dysfunction (SD). The highest disorder rate was related to the erection domain (85.7%), and the lowest was related to the desire domain (5.7%). In the erection domain, most men (54.3%) experienced mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. The mean score for SQOL-M was 38.36 ± 14.47, and 56.2% of them had a good SQOL. CONCLUSIONS GWs affected men's erection more than the other sexual function domains. SD in men with GWs has a significant impact on their SQOL and ED was associated with impaired SQOL. Therefore, it is recommended to pay more attention to SD screening alongside SQOL assessment of men with GW.
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Yaghoubi T, Araghian Mojarad F, Khani S, Aliabadian A, Purbarar F. The exploration of life experience of married people with genital warts: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_29_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Saldarriaga EM, Cárcamo CP, Babigumira JB, García PJ. The Annual costs of treating genital warts in the Public Healthcare Sector in Peru. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1092. [PMID: 34649539 PMCID: PMC8518193 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the cost of six different techniques used to treat Genital Warts and the annual average cost of treating a typical GW patient in Peru. To estimate the annual economic burden diagnosing and treating GW in the Peruvian public healthcare system. METHODS We developed a prevalence-based, cost-of-illness study from the provider's perspective, the healthcare facilities under the purview of Peruvian Ministry of Health. We used an activity-based costing approach. We conducted primary data collection in three regions in Peru and supplemented it with governmental data. Uncertainty of the costing estimates was assessed via Monte Carlo simulations. We estimated the average cost and associated confidence intervals for six treatment options - three topical and three surgical - and the overall cost per patient. RESULTS The average treatment cost per patient was 59.9USD (95 %CI 45.5, 77.6). Given a population of 18.4 million adults between 18 and 60 years of age and a GW prevalence of 2.28 %, the annual cost of treating GW was 25.1 million USD (uncertainty interval 16.9, 36.6). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first quantification of the economic burden of treating genital warts in Peru and one of the few in Latin America. The costing data did not include other healthcare providers or out-of-pocket expenditures, and hence we present a conservative estimate of the COI of GW in Peru. Our findings bring attention to the financial burden of treating GW, a vaccine-preventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Saldarriaga
- Epidemiology, STD and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cesar P Cárcamo
- Epidemiology, STD and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph B Babigumira
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Patricia J García
- Epidemiology, STD and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. .,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Tyros G, Papageorgiou C, Kanelleas A, Kotsafti O, Spyridonos E, Gregoriou S, Tagka A, Stratigos A, Nicolaidou E. The effect of anxiety, psychopathological symptoms and personality traits on response to treatment in male patients with anogenital warts: a prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1859-1864. [PMID: 33914981 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of precision medicine, identification of possible predictive factors of clinical response to treatment is fundamental. This need is particularly strong for anogenital warts (AGW), because there are several treatment modalities with different clearance and recurrence rates. However, data regarding the effect of mental health parameters on response to treatment in patients with AGW are lacking. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between patients' mental health parameters and AGW treatment outcomes. METHODS This was a single-centre, prospective study that included newly diagnosed male patients with AGW. At their initial visit, all patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) questionnaires, which evaluate anxiety, psychopathological manifestations and personality traits, respectively. All patients received cryotherapy until clearance of lesions and were followed up for 18 months for detection of recurrences. RESULTS The study included 167 male patients. The mean number of days for AGW clearance was 89 ± 65. During the 18-month follow-up, 28% of participants showed a recurrence, after a mean number of 150 ± 132 days. No statistically significant association was detected between questionnaires scores and (a) time needed for AGW clearance, (b) time until 1st recurrence and (c) number of recurrences. CONCLUSION If confirmed, our findings indicate that we may not need to modify our AGW treatment plan according to a patient's mental health profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tyros
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - C Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginitio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kanelleas
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - O Kotsafti
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - E Spyridonos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - S Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tagka
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - A Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - E Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
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Mohta A, Jain SK, Kushwaha RK, Singh A, Gautam U, Nyati A. Estimating the Impact of Extragenital Warts versus Genital Warts on Quality of Life in Immunocompetent Indian Adult Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:44-48. [PMID: 33911292 PMCID: PMC8061486 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_290_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extra-genital warts (EGWs) affect 7-10% of population. Even though a plethora of studies have been conducted to assess the impact of genital warts (GWs) showing a significant impact on the quality of life but surprisingly, barely any data has been collected on the impact of EGWs on quality of life. Aims and Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the magnitude of EGWs on health-related quality of life and various variables with that of GWs. Patients and Methods: The study consisted of two groups of immunocompetent adults, each with 100 patients aged 18 years or above, attending the skin outpatient department at our tertiary center between April 2018 and March 2019 and consented to participate. Group A consisted of patients with EGWs and group B comprised of patients with GWs. All patients were asked to fulfill the validated Hindi hard copy of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Results: The mean DLQI score of patients with EGWs was 8.73 ± 0.84 and that of patients with GWs was 5.83 ± 0.83 (P = 0.026). In group A, those affected the most were patients with warts on multiple exposed sites (mean DLQI score of 14), followed by warts on feet (mean DLQI score of 10.69), followed by warts on hands (DLQI score of 9.12), and facial warts (DLQI score of 6.80). Patients with a prior history of failed treatment and/or a longer duration of illness had a higher level of dissatisfaction. To the best of our knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the past in our country. Conclusions: EGWs inflict a severe negative impact on the quality of life. Owing to its notorious persistence and recurrence, healthcare professionals must educate patients on how to prevent the spread and recurrence, discuss details of available treatment modalities while keeping in view the psychological and sociological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mohta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suresh K Jain
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh K Kushwaha
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Umesh Gautam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Asha Nyati
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India
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Tyros G, Mastraftsi S, Gregoriou S, Nicolaidou E. Incidence of anogenital warts: epidemiological risk factors and real-life impact of human papillomavirus vaccination. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 32:4-13. [PMID: 33167803 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420958577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anogenital warts (AGWs) rank among the most frequent sexually transmitted infections in young adults. They are benign lesions, but they pose a significant economic cost to health care systems and a substantial psychological burden on patients, who need evidence-based counselling. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has shown very high protection rates against AGWs in clinical trials and real-world settings but vaccination coverage remains low in many countries. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the risk factors for AGW development and to present the available real-life data on the impact of HPV vaccination on AGW incidence. An increased number of lifetime sexual partners, a new sexual partner in the last 12 months, smoking, and immunosuppression have been associated with increased risk for AGWs. HPV vaccination has led to a dramatic decline in AGW incidence in populations that have achieved high vaccination rates. These conclusions can contribute to primary prevention of AGWs and evidence-based counselling of AGW patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tyros
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Mastraftsi
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Electra Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
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Buenconsejo L, Kothari-Talwar S, Yee K, Kulkarni A, Lara N, Roset M, Giuliano AR, Garland S. Estimating the burden of illness related to genital warts in the Philippines: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:26. [PMID: 31624494 PMCID: PMC6781391 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study estimated genital warts prevalence, genital-warts-related healthcare resource use and costs, and self-reported human-papillomavirus-related psychosocial impact among male and female patients aged 18-60 years in the Philippines. Methods Prevalence was estimated using daily logs numbering genital warts patients treated by participating physicians in 4 Philippine regions over a 5-week period (09JUL2011-24SEP2012). Physicians also completed a survey assessing patient referral patterns, healthcare resource use, treatment, and follow-up care. Psychosocial impact was estimated using the human papillomavirus impact profile and the EQ-5D questionnaires. HIP and EQ-5D scores were compared according to the presence of GW (males) and HPV disease (females). CECA scores were also compared by gender and age groups. Results Overall genital warts prevalence was estimated at 4.78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.58-4.98%) for men and women aged 18-60 years. Genital warts prevalence was 3.39% (95% CI: 3.13-3.65%) and 8.0% (95% CI: 7.69-8.31%) among women and men, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest in infectious disease specialist practices 18.67% (95% CI: 18.66-18.69%). Two thirds of the 233 (69.14%) male and 166 (67.20%) female patients were newly-diagnosed genital warts cases. Median costs for genital warts diagnosis and treatment reached 7121 and 7000 Philippine pesos among men and women, respectively. In the Cuestionario Específico para Condiloma Acuminado questionnaire, no statistically significant differences between patients were observed. In the EQ-5D questionnaire, male genital warts patients reported lower mean visual analogue scale scores than those without genital warts (78.20 vs 86.34, p < 0.0001). Mean visual analogue scale score values and utility values were lower for women with human-papillomavirus-related diseases than those without (77.98 vs 78.93, and 0.84 vs 0.88, respectively). Conclusions Genital warts is prevalent in the Philippines; more than 60% of cases were newly diagnosed, contributing to high genital-warts-related healthcare resource costs. Diagnosis of genital warts and human papillomavirus negatively impacted psychosocial indices such as patient well-being and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Yee
- 3Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna R Giuliano
- 5Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC) at Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
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