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Fendrych K, Górska-Ratusznik A, Smajdor J. Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs-A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:10. [PMID: 38276837 PMCID: PMC10820374 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding electrochemical methods for determining the active substances within drugs that are used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrochemical methods of analysis, due to their sensitivity and easiness, are a great alternative to other, usually more expensive analytical assays. The determination of active substances mentioned in this review is based on oxidation or reduction processes on the surface of the working electrode. A wide variety of working electrodes, often modified with materials such as nanoparticles or conducting polymers, have been used for the highly sensitive analysis of antidiabetic drugs. The presented assays allow us to determine the compounds of interest in various samples, such as pharmaceutical products or different human bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Fendrych
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Górska-Ratusznik
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska St., 30-418 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Smajdor
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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Elfiky M, Ghoneim M, El-Desoky H, Hassanein A, Salahuddin N. Electrochemical stripping voltammetrical sensor based on polypyrrole exfoliated polyetheramine-montmorillonite nanocomposite for nanomolar detection of nifuroxazide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5107-5117. [PMID: 36777946 PMCID: PMC9909373 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of polypyrrole/polyetheramine-montmorillonite nanocomposites have been fabricated by the intercalation of different types of polyoxyalkylene amine hydrochloride (Jeffamines: D400, D2000, T5000, and T403) into montmorillonite layers via the cation-exchange process followed by in situ polymerization of pyrrole. The physicochemical characteristics of as-prepared nanocomposites were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) instruments. The change of the types of Jeffamine causes a change in the geometrical structure, and surface area of nanocomposites. Noteworthy, the resulting polypyrrole/D2000-montmorillonite ([PDM-50]) nanocomposite exhibited a cauliflower-like shape with a specific surface area (116.2 m2 g-1) with the highest conductivity. Furthermore, the modified stripping voltammetric carbon paste sensor was fabricated based on 1.0% [PDM-50] nanocomposites to detect the drug nifuroxazide (NF). The sensor achieved detection limits (LD) of 0.24, and 0.9 nM of NF in the medication, and human urine fluid, respectively. This sensor showed appropriate repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity for NF sensing in different fluids accompanied by other interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elfiky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University 31527 Egypt +20403350804 +201004155414
| | - Mohamed Ghoneim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University 31527 Egypt +20403350804 +201004155414
| | - Hanaa El-Desoky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University 31527 Egypt +20403350804 +201004155414
| | - Amera Hassanein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University 31527 Egypt +20403350804 +201004155414
| | - Nehal Salahuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University 31527 Egypt +20403350804 +201004155414
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Raj N, Crooks RM. Detection Efficiency of Ag Nanoparticle Labels for a Heart Failure Marker Using Linear and Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:203. [PMID: 35448263 PMCID: PMC9029172 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we compare linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for detection of a nano metalloimmunoassay. Two separate immunoassays were examined: a model assay, based on interactions between antibodies, and a sandwich assay for the heart failure marker NT-proBNP. In both cases, one antibody is linked to a magnetic microbead, and one is linked to a spherical Ag nanoparticle label. Electrochemical detection is carried out on a paper device. The three analytical figures of merit studied were the precision of the measurements, the calibration sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD). For the NT-proBNP assay, the results show that after optimization of the pulse amplitude and frequency of the potential input for SWASV, the detection efficiency is substantially higher compared to LASV. Specifically, the calibration sensitivity increased by up to ~40 fold, the average coefficient of variation decreased by ~40%, and the (LOD) decreased to 300.0 pM. Finally, for a model immunoassay, a ~10-fold decrease in the LOD was observed for SWASV compared to LASV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA;
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Mehmandoust M, Erk N, Karaman C, Karaman O. An electrochemical molecularly imprinted sensor based on CuBi 2O 4/rGO@MoS 2 nanocomposite and its utilization for highly selective and sensitive for linagliptin assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132807. [PMID: 34762887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is an outstanding electrochemical tool that demonstrates good chemical sensitivity and stability. These main advantages, coupled with the material's vast microfabrication flexibility, make molecularly imprinted sensors an attractive sensing device. Herein, it was aimed to develop a state-of-art molecularly imprinted sensor based on CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite to be utilized for the detection of linagliptin (LNG), a novel hypoglycemic drug. The electrochemical characterizations of linagliptin on the surface of the modified electrode was examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Several characterization methods including transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), were utilized for electrode characterization. The LNG imprinted voltammetric sensor was developed in 80.0 mM phenol containing 20.0 mM LNG. CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite on LNG imprinted screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (MIP/CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite/SCPE) exhibited a linear relationship between peak current and LNG concentration in the range 0.07-0.5 nM with a detection limit of 0.057 nM. In the existence of interfering substances, an LNG imprinted electrode was utilized to analyze urine, human plasma, and tablet samples with adequate selectivity. The developed sensor was also illustrated for stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehmandoust
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Erk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electricity and Energy, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Onur Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Antalya, 07070, Turkey.
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Haredy AM, Derayea SM, Gahlan AA, Omar MA, Saleh GA. Graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of linagliptin in dosage form, biological fluids, and rats' feces using square wave voltammetry. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Investigation of electrochemical and indicator properties of chalcone type compounds. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Voltammetric determination of linagliptin in bulk and plasma sample using an electrochemical sensor based on L-cysteine modified 1T-MoS2 nanosheets. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Elmasry MS, Hassan WS, Merey HA, Nour IM. Simple mathematical data processing method for the determination of sever overlapped spectra of linagliptin and empagliflozin in their pure forms and pharmaceutical formulation: Fourier self deconvulated method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119609. [PMID: 33684852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new and simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of a new antidiabetic mixture of linagliptin and empagliflozin namely fourier self deconvulated method. The developed method based on minimal mathematical data processing on the zero order spectrum for solving sever overlapping spectra of the mentioned drugs in their pure forms and pharmaceutical dosage form. The zero order spectra of linagliptin and empagliflozin were deconvulated using Fourier transforms function. The peak amplitudes at 232 nm were selected for linagliptin and at 239 nm for empagliflozin. The constructed calibration graphs were linear over the range (5-30 µg/mL) and (2-12 µg/mL) for empagliflozin and linagliptin, respectively. The adopted method was simple, accurate, precise and validated according to the ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Elmasry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa S Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Merey
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Israa M Nour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr 11829, Egypt
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El-Desouky EA, Abdel-Raoof AM, Abdel-Fattah A, Abdel-Zaher A, Osman AOE, Abdel-Monem AH, Morshedy S. Determination of linagliptin and empagliflozin by UPLC and HPTLC techniques aided by lean six sigma approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5102. [PMID: 33629452 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two chromatographic techniques were developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the newly co-formulated antidiabetic combination linagliptin and empagliflozin in their pure form and film-coated tables. The first technique was UPLC; the separation and resolution of both analytes were achieved using a Zorbax eclipse plus C18 column applying an isocratic elution based on phosphate buffer pH 4-acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) as a running mobile phase at flow rate 1.5 ml/min and the effluent was monitored at 220 nm. Augmentation of Lean Six Sigma with UPLC and HPTLC methods had a major impact on the development of robust specifications to ensure that the quality at six sigma level has a high level of statistical confidence and target performance. On the chromatogram, empagliflozin and linagliptin appeared at retention times of 1.417 and 2.453 min, respectively. The second technique was HPTLC; both analytes were fairly well resolved and separated using a developing mobile phase composed of ethyl acetate-chloroform-acetonitrile (55:25:20 by volume). The values of retention factor (RF ) were 0.29 and 0.53 for linagliptin and empagliflozin, respectively. All variables were investigated to adjust the whole conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim A El-Desouky
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Raoof
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdel-Fattah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman O E Osman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdel-Monem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Morshedy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Egypt
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