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Wang Z, He C, Peng Y, Chen F, Xiao P. Origins, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Analytical Methods and Safety of Cortex Moutan (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew): A Systematic Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E946. [PMID: 28590441 PMCID: PMC6152737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortex Moutan (CM), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for treating various diseases in China and other eastern Asian countries. Recorded in Pharmacopeias of several countries, CM is now drawing increasing attention and under extensive studies in various fields. Phytochemical studies indicate that CM contains many valuable secondary metabolites, such as monoterpene glycosides and phenols. Ample evidence from pharmacological researches suggest that CM has a wide spectrum of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, various analytical methods were established for the quality evaluation and safety control of CM. This review synopsizes updated information concerning the origins, phytochemistry, pharmacology, analytical method and safety of CM, aiming to provide favorable references for modern CM research and application. In conclusion, continuing pharmacological investigations concerning CM should be conducted to unravel its pharmacological mechanisms. Further researches are necessary to obtain comprehensive and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation and establish harmonized criteria of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feihu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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Dan H, Zhang L, Qin X, Peng X, Wong M, Tan X, Yu S, Fang N. Moutan cortex extract exerts protective effects in a rat model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:245-50. [PMID: 26610043 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Moutan cortex (MC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with diverse biological effects. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of MC on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats and to explore its possible mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MC extract (1.98 g/kg, i.g.) for 14 days and underwent a subsequent open-chest procedure involving 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. The cardioprotective effect of MC was demonstrated by reduced infarct size and marked improvement in the histopathological examination. The increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that MC effectively promoted the anti-oxidative defense system. Increased anti-oxidative defense was accompanied by decreased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). The reduction in TUNEL-positive myocytes demonstrated that MC decreased myocardial apoptosis. The mRNA expression of B cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) was upregulated by MC and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA expression was increased. MC pretreatment decreased the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The data from this study suggest that MC exerted protective effects on acute myocardial I/R injury via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Dan
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Qin
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyan Wong
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Tan
- b Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanggong Yu
- c Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Nianbai Fang
- c Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.,d Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Fu Y, Zhang L, Chen G. Determination of carbohydrates in Folium Lysium Chinensis using capillary electrophoresis combined with far-infrared light irradiation-assisted extraction. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3272-8. [PMID: 21998073 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a method based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection and far-infrared-assisted extraction has been developed for the determination of mannitol, sucrose, glucose and fructose in Folium Lysium Chinensis, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The water-soluble constituents in the herbal drug were extracted with double distilled water with the assistance of far-infrared radiations. The effects of detection potential, irradiation time, and the voltage applied on the infrared generator were investigated to acquire the optimum analysis conditions. The detection electrode was a 300-μm-diameter copper disk electrode at a detection potential of +0.65 V. The four carbohydrates could be well separated within 18 min in a 50-cm length fused-silica capillary at a separation voltage of 9 kV in a 50-mM NaOH aqueous solution. The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about three orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 0.66 to 1.15 μM for all analytes. The results indicated that far infrared significantly enhanced the extraction efficiency of the carbohydrates in Folium Lysium Chinensis. The extraction time was significantly reduced to 7 min compared with several hours for conventional hot solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Far infrared-assisted extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis for the determination of bioactive constituents in the leaves of Lycium barbarum Linn. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4511-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhang L, Chen G. Microwave-assisted extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis-amperometric detection for the determination of antioxidant constituents in Folium Eriobotryae. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1193:178-81. [PMID: 18462740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A method based on capillary electrophoresis-amperometric detection has been developed for the determination of catechin, rutin, kaempferol, gentistic acid, and quercetin in Folium Eriobotryae with the aid of microwave-assisted solvent extraction. The effects of the acidity and the concentration of the running buffer, separation voltage, injection time, detection potential, and irradiation time were investigated to acquire the optimum analysis conditions. The detection electrode was a 300-mum-diameter carbon disc electrode at a detection potential of +0.90 V. The five analytes could be well separated within 12 min in a 40-cm length fused-silica capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV in a 50-mM borate buffer (pH 9.0). The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about three orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 2.1 to 4.5 microM for all the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jiang S, Nakano Y, Yatsuzuka R, Ono R, Kamei C. Inhibitory Effects of Moutan Cortex on Immediate Allergic Reactions. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1707-10. [PMID: 17827725 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-allergic effect of an ethanol extract from Moutan Cortex was evaluated in some animal models. The Moutan Cortex extract (30, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80 in mice. It also inhibited dose-dependently the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 or histamine at a dose of 100 mg/kg. An increase in the vascular permeability induced by compound 48/80 or histamine was also inhibited by the Moutan Cortex. In addition, in vitro studies, the Moutan Cortex inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. To investigate the active component of Moutan Cortex extract, it was suspended in water and extracted with EtOAc to yield EtOAc insoluble (A) and soluble (B) fractions. The effect of extract (B) was more potent than that of extract (A) in inhibiting histamine release. From these findings, it seems likely that the Moutan Cortex extract is effective in antagonizing certain pharmacological effects induced by compound 48/80, which is probably mediated by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells and antagonizing the effect on histamine. The main active component of Moutan Cortex is considered to be contained in extract (B). In conclusion, Moutan Cortex may be useful for the relief of symptoms of atopic dermatitis and other allergy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuishi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Xu X, Li L, Weber SG. Electrochemical and optical detectors for capillary and chip separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2007; 26:68-79. [PMID: 18167508 PMCID: PMC1832263 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In separations in capillaries or on chips, the most predominant detectors outside of the field of proteomics are electrochemical (EC) and optical. These detectors operate in the μM to pM range on nL peak volumes with ms time resolution. The driving forces for improvement are different for the two classes of detectors.With EC detectors, there are two limitations that the field is trying to overcome. One is the ever-present surface of the electrode which, while often advantageous for its catalytic or adsorptive properties, is also frequently responsible for changes in sensitivity over time. The other is the decoupling of the electrical systems that operate electrokinetic separations from the system operating the detector.With optical detectors, there are similarly a small number of important limitations. One is the need to bring the portability (size, weight and power requirements) of the detection system into the range of EC detectors. The other is broadening and simplifying the applications of fluorescence detection, as it almost always involves derivatization.Limitations aside, the ability to make detector electrodes and focused laser beams of the order of 1 μm in size, and the rapid time response of both detectors has vaulted capillary and chip separations to the forefront of small sample, fast, low mass-detection limit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA USA
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA USA
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