1
|
Ndongo TM, Passos MLC, Durães F, Resende DISP, Pinto M, Sousa E, Saraiva MLMFS. Microsequential injection analysis/lab-on-valve system for the automatic evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100150. [PMID: 34105191 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A miniaturized microsequential injection/lab-on-valve (µSIA-LOV) system was developed and shown to be a useful alternative to perform inhibitory studies on acetylcholinesterase. These studies are essential for the evaluation of the potential therapeutic effect of drugs commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine were tested, in addition to compounds based on the xanthone scaffold. Four of these xanthone derivatives were identified as having EC50 values between 676 and 4466 µmol/l, showing a potential inhibitory effect higher than the clinical agent rivastigmine. The developed automatic system added advantages of reduction of reagents and sample consumption (around 55 µl per analysis), lower cost per analysis, and the generation of less waste (around 1.2 ml per analysis). The µSIA-LOV system is also a robust, rapid, reliable, and simple system to use. Docking studies suggested a possible mode of interaction with the target acetylcholinesterase protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Moussa Ndongo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.,Faculté des sciences et techniques, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Marieta L C Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Durães
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
S Barbosa J, L C Passos M, A Korn MDG, M F S Saraiva ML. Enzymatic Reactions in a Lab-on-Valve System: Cholesterol Evaluations. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162890. [PMID: 31395798 PMCID: PMC6719201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro sequential injection analysis / lab-on-valve (µSIA-LOV) system is a miniaturized SIA system resulting from the implementation of a lab-on-valve (LOV) atop of the selection valve. It integrates the detection cell and the sample processing channels into the same device, promoting the reduction of reagent consumption and waste generation, the improvement of the versatility, and the reduction of the time of analysis. All of these characteristics are really relevant to the implementation of enzymatic reactions. Additionally, the evaluation of cholesterol in serum samples is widely relevant in clinical diagnosis, since higher values of cholesterol in human blood are actually an important risk factor for cardiovascular problems. An automatic methodology was developed based on the µSIA-LOV system in order to evaluate its advantages in the implementation of enzymatic reactions performed by cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase and peroxidase. Considering these reactions, the developed methodology was also used for the evaluation of cholesterol in human serum samples, showing reliable and accurate results. The developed methodology presented detection and quantification limits of 1.36 and 4.53 mg dL−1 and a linear range up to 40 mg dL−1. This work confirmed that this µSIA-LOV system is a simple, rapid, versatile, and robust analytical tool for the automatic implementation of enzymatic reactions performed by cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase. It is also a useful alternative methodology for the routine determinations of cholesterol in real samples, even when compared with other automatic methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jucineide S Barbosa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marieta L C Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M das Graças A Korn
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- INCT de Energia e Ambiente-Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sandoval-Ventura O, Cañizares-Macías MP. Evaluation of the Enzymatic Activity of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and on Controlled Pore Glass by Sequential Injection Analysis. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.991960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Bao L, Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang YI. Hypolipidemic effects of flavonoids extracted from Lomatogonium rotatum. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1417-1424. [PMID: 27073459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contained in the Mongolian volumes of Chinese Materia Medica, Lomatogonium rotatum Fries ex Nym. may reduce blood lipid levels and prevent obesity; however, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study investigated the hypolipidemic and obesity-inhibiting effects of four similarly structured flavonoids extracted from L. rotatum. According to a well-established method, flavonoids such as decussatin were extracted from the whole herb of L. rotatum, and male Wistar rats were subsequently fed a high-fructose diet supplemented with flavonoids (20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected. In addition, hepatic and epididymal adipose tissues were weighed, and levels of blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-esterified fatty acid, insulin and leptin were determined. The mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were analyzed using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; whereas FAS, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and threonine-172 phosphorylated AMPK protein levels were detected by western blotting. The epididymal adipose tissues of rats fed with flavonoids were lighter, as compared with those fed with fructose in the model group. Following a 12-week administration of flavonoids, the serum levels of fasting blood glucose, feeding blood glucose and leptin were decreased. Furthermore, flavonoid treatment reduced TG and cholesterol levels in the blood and increased serum HDL-C levels, as compared with the model group. High-fructose diet administration significantly increased FAS mRNA and protein expression levels, whereas the FAS protein levels of flavonoid-treated rats were markedly reduced. The flavonoid compounds also enhanced threonine-172 phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver lysate, and all flavonoids successfully downregulated leptin levels and the majority decreased the relative weights of epididymal adipose tissue. Therefore, flavonoids may function in a similar way to epigallocatechin gallate, which has previously been shown to inhibit FAS activity by stimulating AMPK in hepatocyte cells via the liver kinase B1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidao Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Y I Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Enzyme based assays in a sequential injection format: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:160-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Pinto PCAG, Costa ADF, Lima JLFC, Saraiva MLMFS. Automated evaluation of the effect of ionic liquids on catalase activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:1620-1628. [PMID: 21185058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An automated assay for the evaluation of the influence of ionic liquids on the activity of catalase was developed. The activity and inhibition assays were implemented in a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system and intended to contribute for the estimation of the toxicity of the tested compounds. The fast developed methodology was based on the oxidation of the non-fluorescent probe amplex red, in the presence of H₂O₂, to produce resorufin, a strong fluorescent compound. Catalase activity was monitored by the decreased of the fluorescence intensity due to the consumption of H₂O₂ by the enzyme. The activity assays were performed in strictly aqueous media and in the presence of increasing concentrations of seven commercially available ionic liquids and sodium azide, a strong inhibitor of catalase. IC₅₀ values between 0.15 and 2.77 M were obtained for the tested compounds, revealing distinct inhibitory effects. This allowed us to perform some considerations about the toxicity of the tested cations and anions. The developed SIA methodology showed to be robust and exhibited good repeatability in all the assay conditions. On the other hand, it proved to be in good agreement with the actual concerns of "Green Chemistry" since it involved the consumption of less than 200 μL of reagents and the production of only 1.7 mL of effluent (per cycle) and at the same time reduced the operator exposure resulting in increased environmental and human safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula C A G Pinto
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|