1
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Satoh Y, Ohtsuka Y. Comparison of dissolved iodine measurements in seawater between inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and voltammetry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1653-1662. [PMID: 38805157 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Two analytical methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and voltammetry (VM), for three chemical species of dissolved iodine (iodide, iodate, and total dissolved iodine: TDI) were compared for dozens of coastal seawater samples owing to the compatibility of data between both methods. The median differences in the measured concentrations of TDI, total inorganic dissolved iodine (TII, the sum of iodide and iodate), and iodate between ICP-MS and VM were equivalent to 9.2, 13, and 14%, respectively. These differences were within the ranges that could be explained by the repeated-measurement precision of each measurement method for TDI, TII, and iodate. The difference for iodide was 19%, which was larger than the value based on the repeated-measurement precision for both methods. This is considered to be caused by the chemical instability and lower concentrations of iodide compared to other iodine species in seawater, in addition to the heterogeneity of natural samples. Finally, both methods provided reasonable measurement values for the iodine concentration in natural seawater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Satoh
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Ohtsuka
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
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2
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Anghel D, Epuran C, Fringu I, Fratilescu I, Lascu A, Macsim AM, Chiriac V, Gherban M, Vlascici D, Fagadar-Cosma E. Double Type Detection of Triiodide and Iodide Ions Using a Manganese(III) Porphyrin as Sensitive Compound. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5517. [PMID: 39275429 PMCID: PMC11397875 DOI: 10.3390/s24175517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
A paramagnetic A3B-type Mn(III)-porphyrin was synthesized and characterized by physical-chemical methods (UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy). The obtained compound was tested as a sensitive material for the spectrophotometric and potentiometric detection of iodine species. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the triiodide anions could be detected with high precision in the concentration interval of 1.02 × 10-5 to 2.3 × 10-5 M, with an LOD of 9.44 × 10-6 M. The PVC-based electrode using DOP as a plasticizer showed a sensitivity toward iodide in a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10-5 to 1.0 × 10-1 M, with an LOD of 8.0 × 10-6 M. Both methods are simple, low-cost, and efficient for the detection of iodine species in synthetic samples and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Anghel
- Institute of Chemistry "Coriolan Dragulescu", Mihai Viteazu Avenue 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Epuran
- Institute of Chemistry "Coriolan Dragulescu", Mihai Viteazu Avenue 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ionela Fringu
- Institute of Chemistry "Coriolan Dragulescu", Mihai Viteazu Avenue 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ion Fratilescu
- Institute of Chemistry "Coriolan Dragulescu", Mihai Viteazu Avenue 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Lascu
- Institute of Chemistry "Coriolan Dragulescu", Mihai Viteazu Avenue 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Macsim
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry "Petru Poni", Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, No. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vlad Chiriac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, 4 Vasile Parvan Ave, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherban
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, P. Andronescu Street, No. 1, 300224 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Vlascici
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, 4 Vasile Parvan Ave, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma
- Institute of Chemistry "Coriolan Dragulescu", Mihai Viteazu Avenue 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
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3
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Liu M, Fu X, Lu M, Liu J, Xie H, Wei P, Zhang W, Xie Y, Qi Y. Colorimetric and visual determination of iodide ions via morphology transition of gold nanobipyramids. Anal Biochem 2023; 666:115077. [PMID: 36754136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs) are widely used in the analytical detection of biochemistry due to their unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. In our developed approach, I- in kelp was detected by etching Au NBPs in the presence of IO3-. Under acidic conditions, IO3- reacted rapidly with I- to form I2, subsequently I2 reacted with I- to form the intermediate I3-. In the presence of CTAB, Au NBPs were etched by I2 derived from I3-, resulting in a decrease in the aspect ratio of Au NBPs, to form a significant blue shift of LSPR longitudinal peak and color variation of colloid which changed from blue-green to magenta and could be employed to quantitatively detect the concentration of I- with the naked eye. A linear relationship can be found between the LSPR peak changes with the I- concentration in a wide range from 4.0 μM to 15.0 μM, and the sensitive limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 μM for UV-vis spectroscopy and the obvious color changes with a visual LOD was 4.0 μM for the naked eye. Benefiting from the high specificity, the proposed colorimetric detection of I- in kelp samples was achieved, indicating the available potential of the colorimetric detection for the determination of I- in real samples. What's more, this detection procedure was time-saving and could avoid tedious procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Mengjie Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jijian Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Huihui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Peng Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Yahong Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Ying Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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4
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Jones MR, Chance R, Dadic R, Hannula HR, May R, Ward M, Carpenter LJ. Environmental iodine speciation quantification in seawater and snow using ion exchange chromatography and UV spectrophotometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340700. [PMID: 36628710 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour and distribution of iodine in the environment are of significant interest in a range of scientific disciplines, from health, as iodine is an essential element for humans and animals, to climate and air quality, to geochemistry. Aquatic environments are the reservoir for iodine, where it exists in low concentrations as iodide, iodate and dissolved organic iodine and in which it undergoes redox reactions. The current measurement techniques for iodine species are typically time-consuming, subject to relatively poor precision and require specialist instrumentation including those that require mercury as an electrode. We present a new method for measuring iodine species, that is tailored towards lower dissolved organic carbon waters, such as seawater, rainwater and snow, using ion exchange chromatography (IC) with direct ultra-violet spectrophotometric detection of iodide and without the need for sample pre-concentration. Simple chemical amendments to the sample allow for the quantification of both iodate and dissolved organic iodine in addition to iodide. The developed IC method, which takes 16 min, was applied to contrasting samples that encompass a wide range of aqueous environments, from Arctic sea-ice snow (low concentrations) to coastal seawater (complex sample matrix). Linear calibrations are demonstrated for all matrices, using gravimetrically prepared potassium iodide standards. The detection limit for the iodide ion is 0.12 nM based on the standard deviation of the blank, while sample reproducibility is typically <2% at >8 nM and ∼4% at <8 nM. Since there is no environmental certified reference material for iodine species, the measurements made on seawater samples using this IC method were compared to those obtained using established analytical techniques; iodide voltammetry and iodate spectrophotometry. We calculated recoveries of 102 ± 16% (n = 107) for iodide and 116 ± 9% (n = 103) for iodate, the latter difference may be due to an underestimation of iodate by the spectrophotometric method. We further compared a chemical oxidation and reduction of the sample to an ultra-violet digestion to establish the total dissolved iodine content, the average recovery following chemical amendments was 98 ± 4% (n = 92). The new method represents a simple, efficient, green, precise and sensitive method for measuring dissolved speciated iodine in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Jones
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Rosie Chance
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ruzica Dadic
- Victoria University of Wellington, Antarctic Research Centre, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Henna-Reetta Hannula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Space and Earth Observation Centre, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca May
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Martyn Ward
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lucy J Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Shi Y, Yang S, Chen W, Xiong W, Zhang A, Yu Z, Lian B, Lee CP. Study on Tritium and Iodine Species Transport through Porous Granite: A Non-Sorption Effect by Anion Exclusion. TOXICS 2022; 10:540. [PMID: 36136505 PMCID: PMC9505974 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The safety of deep geological repositories is important in the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). In this study, advection−dispersion experiments were designed to build a transport model through a calibration/validation process, and the transport behavior of tritiated water (HTO) and various iodine species (iodide: I− and iodate: IO3−) was studied on a dynamic compacted granite column. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were plotted under various flow rates (1−5 mL/min). BTCs showed that the non-sorption effect by anion exclusion was observed only in I− transport because the retardation factor (R) of I− was lower than that of HTO (R = 1). Moreover, equilibrium and nonequilibrium transport models were used and compared to identify the mobile/immobile zones in the compacted granite column. The anion exclusion effect was influenced by the immobile zones in the column. The non-sorption effect by anion exclusion (R < 1) was only observed for I− at 5.0 ± 0.2 mL/min flow rate, and a relatively higher Coulomb’s repulsive force may be caused by the smaller hydration radius of I−(3.31 Å) than that of IO3−(3.74 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weijia Xiong
- CNNC Environmental Protection Corporation (ECPC), Beijing 100045, China
| | - Aiming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhixiang Yu
- Department of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bing Lian
- Department of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan-Pin Lee
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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Yamagami M, Yanai M. EFFECT OF RICE PLANT ROOT TTC-REDUCING ACTIVITY ON THE CHEMICAL FORM OF IODINE IN CULTIVATED SOIL SOLUTIONS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1189-1195. [PMID: 36083722 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice plant root activity on the chemical form of stable iodine (I) in a cultivated soil solution. Concentrations of I-, IO3- and organic-I were analyzed 4 days after exposure I- or IO3- solutions to each of the cultivated soil surface. When exposed to I-, its concentration in the cultivated soil was approximately the same as that in the non-planted soil. When the rhizosphere was exposed to IO3-, the I- concentration in the soil increased under cultivation conditions. IO3- remained undetected in the soil solution. The organic-I concentration in the cultivated soil solution was higher than that in the non-cultivated soil. Concentrations of organic-I increased under IO3- addition compared to I- addition. A weak positive correlation was observed between the TTC-reducing activity of plant roots, and the total and organic-I concentrations in the soil solution. It was suggested that the amount of organic I formed from IO3- was determined by the reducing activity of the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masumi Yanai
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
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7
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Takeda A, Unno Y, Tsukada H, Takaku Y, Hisamatsu S. SOIL-SOIL SOLUTION DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT OF RADIOIODINE IN SURFACE SOILS AROUND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING PLANT IN ROKKASHO, JAPAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1047-1051. [PMID: 36083751 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The soil-soil solution distribution coefficient (Kd) of radioiodine in soil samples with various total carbon (TC) contents was measured in a batch sorption experiment using 125I tracer spiked as I-. The log values of Kd-125I and TC concentration in low-TC soils (< 10g kg-1) were positively correlated, whereas those of Kd-125I in TC rich soils (> 10 g kg-1) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in liquid phase were negatively correlated. The proportion of 125I in the < 3 kDa fraction in the liquid phase is negatively correlated with the log of DOC, implying that 125I is primarily combined with high-molecular-weight organic matter in soil solutions rich in DOC. The results suggest that Kd-125I in soil with high soil organic material (SOM) content is governed by DOC via the combination of 125I and DOC. In contrast, Kd-125I in soils with a low SOM content was governed by SOM because the anion exchange capacity of SOM was vital for the sorption of 125I-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takeda
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Yusuke Unno
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takaku
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
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8
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for iodate determination in food grade salt and food samples. Food Chem 2022; 368:130810. [PMID: 34403996 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel method based on diffused reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRS-FTIR) was employed for iodate determination in food grade salt and food products. The method attained sensitivity that was comparable to or better than that in most of the contemporary spectrophotometric methods. This was realized through a combination of azo dye formation and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of dye when a 37-fold enrichment was obtained. FT-IR enabled integrating alternative target peak, and freedom in sample solvent composition relative to UV-visible spectrophotometry where the solvent polarity, pH, and presence of ions may affect the spectral properties of the measurable coloured species. Food samples containing iodide or covalently bonded iodine were oxidized with alkaline permanganate for mineralization and iodate formation. Optimization of both reaction conditions was carried out by means of response surface methodology. The method had a linear range 0.04-10 mg kg-1 iodate and limit of detection of 4.4 µg kg-1.
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An Improved Speciation Method Combining IC with ICPOES and Its Application to Iodide and Iodate Diffusion Behavior in Compacted Bentonite Clay. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227056. [PMID: 34832455 PMCID: PMC8626010 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and effective method combining ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was applied in this work to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze individual and co-existing iodide (I−) and iodate (IO3−) at various concentrations. More specifically, a very strong linear relationship for the peak area for the co-existing I− and IO3− ions was reached, and a high resolution value between two peaks was observed, which proves the effectiveness of our combined IC-ICP-OES method at analyzing iodine species. We observed lower accessible porosity for the diffusion of both I− and IO3− in samples of bentonite clay using IC-ICP-OES detection methods, where the effective diffusion coefficient varied based on the anion exclusion effect and the size of the diffusing molecules. In fact, the distribution coefficients (Kd) of both I− and IO3− were close to 0, which indicates that there was no adsorption on bentonite clay. This finding can be explained by the fact that no change in speciation took place during the diffusion of I− and IO3− ions in bentonite clay. Our IC-ICP-OES method can be used to estimate the diffusion coefficients of various iodine species in natural environments.
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Roulier M, Bueno M, Coppin F, Nicolas M, Thiry Y, Rigal F, Pannier F, Le Hécho I. Atmospheric iodine, selenium and caesium depositions in France: II. Influence of forest canopies. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128952. [PMID: 33228989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of the canopy influence on atmospheric inputs of iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) in terrestrial ecosystems is an essential condition for appropriate biogeochemical models. However, the processes involved in rain composition modifications after its passage through forest canopy have been barely studied for these elements. We monitored I, Se and Cs concentrations in both rainfall and throughfall of fourteen French forested sites throughout one year, and estimated dry deposition and canopy exchange fluxes for these elements, as well as speciation of I and Se. Comparison of rainfall and throughfall elemental composition highlighted an important impact of forest canopy on both (i) concentrations and fluxes of I, Se and Cs, and (ii) I and Se species. For the three elements, most of their throughfall concentrations were higher than corresponding rainfall. The increase of throughfall elemental fluxes was mostly due to dry deposition for I and Se although the canopy exchange model revealed some sorption within the canopy in most cases; for Cs, foliage leaching was most influencing. Regarding speciation, iodine species in rainfall were highly modified by forest canopy with an important increase of unidentified I proportion in throughfall (on average 49 and 82% in rainfall and throughfall, respectively), possibly due to washoff of dry deposition and/or to transformation into organic forms. Similarly, while rainfall was composed of 26-54% of inorganic Se, inorganic species were undetectable in throughfall. This dataset represents key information to improve modelling of I, Se and Cs cycling within forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Roulier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France; Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Maïté Bueno
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts (ONF), Direction Forêts et Risques Naturels, Département Recherche, Développement, Innovation, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, 92298, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - François Rigal
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France; Azorean Biodiversity Group, cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Florence Pannier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Isabelle Le Hécho
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
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11
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Kimmig SR, Thompson C, Baum S, Brown CF. Evaluation of iodine speciation and 129I/127I ratios at low concentrations in environmental samples using IC-ICP-MS. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Epp T, Neidhardt H, Pagano N, Marks MAW, Markl G, Oelmann Y. Vegetation canopy effects on total and dissolved Cl, Br, F and I concentrations in soil and their fate along the hydrological flow path. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135473. [PMID: 31787313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although halogens are omnipresent in the environment, detailed understanding of processes involving chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), fluorine (F) and iodine (I) in the terrestrial halogen cycle is still sparse. Our objectives were to (i) assess vertical depth profiles of total and water-extractable inorganic halogen concentrations (Cltot, Brtot, Ftot, Itot) in solid soil, (ii) test the effect of a tree canopy, and (iii) follow the fate of dissolved inorganic halogens along the hydrological flow path. More than 200 soil samples and ecosystem solutions (rainwater, soil solution, adit and creek water) collected in the Schwarzwald, SW Germany, were analyzed by combustion ion chromatography and ion chromatography for total and inorganic halogen concentrations. We found decreasing Cltot concentrations with increasing soil depth which were indicative of biological chlorination of organic matter and nutrient uplift, both associated with Cl accumulation in upper soil horizons. Vertical patterns of total Br, F and I were contrary to Cltot concentrations and were related significantly (positively) to pedogenic oxides, revealing their dependence on abiotic processes. The presence of a canopy at our study site resulted in significantly higher halogen concentrations in throughfall compared to rainfall and higher Brtot concentrations in the organic layer. We attribute this difference to leaching from leaves and needles and wash-off of dry deposition. There were hardly any differences in halogen concentrations along the hydrological flow path except for significantly higher inorganic I concentrations in soil solution compared to rainfall due to equilibrium reactions between the soil solution and the solid soil phase. Highest inorganic F concentrations of up to 0.2 mg L-1 were detected in creek water samples and may originate from the weathering of fluorite-bearing veins. Our study indicates halogen-specific processes underlying Cl, Br, I and F cycling in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Epp
- Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Harald Neidhardt
- Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Norina Pagano
- Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Michael A W Marks
- Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gregor Markl
- Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
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Humphrey OS, Young SD, Crout NMJ, Bailey EH, Ander EL, Watts MJ. Short-Term Iodine Dynamics in Soil Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1443-1450. [PMID: 31922400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the reactions of iodine (I) in soil is critical to evaluate radioiodine exposure and understand soil-to-crop transfer rates. Our mechanistic understanding has been constrained by method limitations in assessing the dynamic interactions of iodine between soil solution and soil solid phase over short periods (hours). We use microdialysis to passively extract soil solution spiked with radioiodine (129I- and 129IO3-) to monitor short-term (≤40 h) in situ fixation and speciation changes. We observed greater instantaneous adsorption of 129IO3- compared to 129I- in all soils and the complete reduction of 129IO3- to 129I- within 5 h of addition. Loss of 129I from solution was extremely rapid; the average half-lives of 129I- and 129IO3- in soil solution were 4.06 and 10.03 h, respectively. We detected the presence of soluble organically bound iodine (org-129I) with a low molecular weight (MW) range (0.5-5 kDa) in all soils and a slower (20-40 h) time-dependent formation of larger MW org-I compounds (12-18 kDa) in some samples. This study highlights the very short window of immediate availability in which I from rainfall or irrigation remains in soil solution and available to crops, thus presenting significant challenges to phytofortification strategies in soil-based production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier S Humphrey
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry , British Geological Survey , Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG , U.K
- School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE12 5RD , U.K
| | - Scott D Young
- School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE12 5RD , U.K
| | - Neil M J Crout
- School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE12 5RD , U.K
| | - Elizabeth H Bailey
- School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE12 5RD , U.K
| | - E Louise Ander
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry , British Geological Survey , Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG , U.K
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry , British Geological Survey , Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG , U.K
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Solovyev N, Vanhaecke F, Michalke B. Selenium and iodine in diabetes mellitus with a focus on the interplay and speciation of the elements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:69-80. [PMID: 31442957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease caused by insulin deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II). Diabetes is a threatening public health concern. It is considered as one of the priority non-communicable diseases, due to its high and increasing incidence, the associated healthcare costs, and threatening medical complications. Two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine (I) were intensively discussed in the context of diabetic pathology and, possibly, etiology. It seems there is a multilayer involvement of these essential nutrients in glucose tolerance, energy metabolism, insulin signaling and resistance, which are mainly related to the antioxidant selenoenzymes and the thyroid hormones. Other factors might be related to (auto)immunity, protection against endoplasmic reticulum stress, and leptin signaling. The aim of the current review is to evaluate the current understanding of the role of selenium and iodine in diabetes with a focus on the biochemical interplay between the elements, their possible role as biomarkers, and their chemical speciation. Possible impacts from novel analytical techniques related to trace element speciation and isotopic analysis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Solovyev
- St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Ghent University, Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmhotz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Unno Y, Takeda A, Takaku Y, Hisamatsu S. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL-SOIL-SOLUTION DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS OF 125I AND 127I IN PASTURE SOIL. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:380-384. [PMID: 31330025 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We measured the depth profiles of soil-soil-solution distribution coefficients (Kd) of native 127I (127I-Kd) and exogenous 125I- (125I-Kd) in soils from a pasture near the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Japan, and investigated their relationships to depth profiles of the concentration in soil of 127I and organic C and Kd of organic C (C-Kd). The depth profiles of 125I-Kd and 127I-Kd were similar. The relatively low 127I concentrations and low values of both 127I-Kd and 125I-Kd indicate that some of the I deposited on the soil surface have been transported to depths greater than 10 cm. On the other hand, high 127I-Kd/125I-Kd ratios in the uppermost 10 cm of soil indicate that some of the 127I bound to that soil could not be exchanged with exogenous 125I. Although a previous study has shown a power function relationship between 125I-Kd and C-Kd, our data show that the relationships of both 125I-Kd and 127I-Kd to C-Kd are exponential functions. The reason for these conflicting results is unknown. Nonetheless, our data clearly show Kd values for both 125I- and 127I to be dependent on C-Kd. In addition, the dependence of both 127I-Kd and 125I-Kd on C-Kd suggests that organic material in the soil has a role in the transport of I down the soil profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Unno
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - A Takeda
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Y Takaku
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - S Hisamatsu
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
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Takeda A, Unno Y, Tsukada H, Takaku Y, Hisamatsu S. SPECIATION OF IODINE IN SOIL SOLUTION IN FOREST AND GRASSLAND SOILS IN ROKKASHO, JAPAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:368-371. [PMID: 31034563 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour of I in soil depends on its chemical form in soil solution. Stable I (127I) in the soil solution under actual soil conditions was investigated as a natural analogue of long-lived radioiodine (129I). Soil samples were collected at 5-cm depth intervals down to 20 cm from forests and grasslands in Rokkasho, where the Japanese first commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing plant is located, and the soil solution was extracted by centrifugation. Almost half of total I in the soil solution was iodide, and the other half was dissolved organic I (DOI), with iodate under the detection limit. The proportion of DOI in total I at 0-5 cm depth was larger than the proportions at 5-20 cm depth. The concentration of DOI was positively correlated with that of DOC in the soil solution, suggesting that the behaviour of DOI in the surface soil is affected by labile organic matter dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takeda
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Y Unno
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - H Tsukada
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Y Takaku
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - S Hisamatsu
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
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Humphrey OS, Young SD, Bailey EH, Crout NMJ, Ander EL, Hamilton EM, Watts MJ. Investigating the use of microdialysis and SEC-UV-ICP-MS to assess iodine interactions in soil solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:41-50. [PMID: 31071518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Element cycling in the terrestrial environment is heavily reliant upon processes that occur in soil solution. Here we present the first application of microdialysis to sample iodine from soil solution. In comparison to conventional soil solution extraction methods such as Rhizon™ samplers, centrifugation, and high-pressure squeezing, microdialysis can passively sample dissolved compounds from soil solution without altering the in-situ speciation of trace elements at realistic soil moisture conditions. In order to assess the suitability of microdialysis for sampling iodine, the permeability factors and effect of perfusion flowrate on I- and IO3- recovery was examined in stirred solutions. Furthermore, microdialysis was used to sample native soluble iodine at a range of water contents and iodine-enriched soils to investigate iodine soil dynamics. Total iodine concentrations were measured using ICP-MS. Inorganic species and the molecular weight distribution of organically bound iodine were determined by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to an ICP-MS, respectively. The most effective recovery rates in stirred solution were observed with the slowest perfusion flowrate yielding 66.2 ± 7.1 and 70.5 ± 7.1% for I- and IO3-, respectively. Microdialysis was proven to be capable of sampling dissolved iodine from the soil solution, which accounted for <2.5% of the total soil iodine and speciation followed the sequence: organic-I > I- > IO3-. The use of SEC coupled to (i) UV and (ii) ICP-MS analysis provided detail regarding the molecular weight distribution of dissolved org-I compounds. Dissolved org-I was detected with approximate molecular weights between 0.1 and 4.5 kDa. The results in this study show that microdialysis is a suitable technique for sampling dissolved iodine species from soils maintained at realistic moisture contents. In addition, inorganic iodine added to soils was predominately bound with relatively low molecular weight (<4.5 kDa) soluble organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Humphrey
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - N M J Crout
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - E L Ander
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - E M Hamilton
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - M J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
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Chen X, Lai C, Wang Y, Wei L, Zhong Q. Disinfection effect of povidone-iodine in aquaculture water of swamp eel ( Monopterus albus). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5523. [PMID: 30519504 PMCID: PMC6275116 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is an important commercial farmed fish species in China. However, it is susceptible to Aeromonas hydrophila infections, resulting in high mortality and considerable economic loss. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a widely used chemical disinfectant in aquaculture, which can decrease the occurrence of diseases and improve the survival. However, environmental organic matter could affect the bactericidal effectiveness of PVP-I, and the efficacy of PVP-I in aquaculture water is still unknown. In this paper, disinfection assays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of PVP-I against the A. hydrophila in different types of water. We found that the effective germicidal concentration of PVP-I in outdoor aquaculture water was 25 ppm for 12 h. In indoor aquaculture water with 105 CFU/mL bacteria, 10 ppm and 20 ppm of PVP-I could kill 99% and 100% of the bacteria, respectively. The minimal germicidal concentration of PVP-I in Luria-Bertani broth was 4,000 ppm. Available iodine content assay in LB solutions confirmed that the organic substance had negative impact on the effectiveness of PVP-I, which was consistent with the different efficacy of PVP-I in different water samples. Acute toxicity tests showed that the 24 h-LC50 of PVP-I to swamp eel was 173.82 ppm, which was much higher than the germicidal concentrations in outdoor and indoor aquaculture water, indicating its safety and effectivity to control the A. hydrophila. The results indicated PVP-I can be helpful for preventing the transmission of A. hydrophila in swamp eel aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chongde Lai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lili Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Inpota P, Strzelak K, Koncki R, Sripumkhai W, Jeamsaksiri W, Ratanawimarnwong N, Wilairat P, Choengchan N, Chantiwas R, Nacapricha D. Microfluidic Analysis with Front-Face Fluorometric Detection for the Determination of Total Inorganic Iodine in Drinking Water. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:161-167. [PMID: 29434101 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic method with front-face fluorometric detection was developed for the determination of total inorganic iodine in drinking water. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device was employed in conjunction with the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, in which iodide catalyzed the redox reaction between Ce(IV) and As(III). Direct alignment of an optical fiber attached to a spectrofluorometer was used as a convenient detector for remote front-face fluorometric detection. Trace inorganic iodine (IO3- and I-) present naturally in drinking water was measured by on-line conversion of iodate to iodide for determination of total inorganic iodine. On-line conversion efficiency of iodate to iodide using the microfluidic device was investigated. Excellent conversion efficiency of 93 - 103% (%RSD = 1.6 - 11%) was obtained. Inorganic iodine concentrations in drinking water samples were measured, and the results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by an ICP-MS method. Spiked sample recoveries were in the range of 86%(±5) - 128%(±8) (n = 12). Interference of various anions and cations were investigated with tolerance limit concentrations ranging from 10-6 to 2.5 M depending on the type of ions. The developed method is simple and convenient, and it is a green method for iodine analysis, as it greatly reduces the amount of toxic reagent consumed with reagent volumes in the microfluidic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawpan Inpota
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University.,Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong
- Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.).,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.).,National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University
| | - Nathawut Choengchan
- Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.).,Department of Chemistry and the Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
| | - Rattikan Chantiwas
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University.,Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.)
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University.,Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.)
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Unno Y, Tsukada H, Takeda A, Takaku Y, Hisamatsu S. Soil-soil solution distribution coefficient of soil organic matter is a key factor for that of radioiodide in surface and subsurface soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:131-136. [PMID: 28110200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the vertical distribution of the soil-soil-solution distribution coefficients (Kd) of 125I, 137Cs, and 85Sr in organic-rich surface soil and organic-poor subsurface soil of a pasture and an urban forest near a spent-nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Japan. Kd of 137Cs was highly correlated with water-extractable K+. Kd of 85Sr was highly correlated with water-extractable Ca2+ and SOC. Kd of 125I- was low in organic-rich surface soil, high slightly below the surface, and lowest in the deepest soil. This kinked distribution pattern differed from the gradual decrease of the other radionuclides. The thickness of the high-125I-Kd middle layer (i.e., with high radioiodide retention ability) differed between sites. Kd of 125I- was significantly correlated with Kd of soil organic carbon. Our results also showed that the layer thickness is controlled by the ratio of Kd-OC between surface and subsurface soils. This finding suggests that the addition of SOC might prevent further radioiodide migration down the soil profile. As far as we know, this is the first report to show a strong correlation of a soil characteristic with Kd of 125I-. Further study is needed to clarify how radioiodide is retained and migrates in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Unno
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Akira Takeda
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takaku
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
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