1
|
Wang W, Vahabi H, Taassob A, Pillai S, Kota AK. On-Demand, Contact-Less and Loss-Less Droplet Manipulation via Contact Electrification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308101. [PMID: 38233209 PMCID: PMC10933654 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
While there are many droplet manipulation techniques, all of them suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks - complex fabrication or complex equipment or liquid loss. In this work, a simple and portable technique is demonstrated that enables on-demand, contact-less and loss-less manipulation of liquid droplets through a combination of contact electrification and slipperiness. In conjunction with numerical simulations, a quantitative analysis is presented to explain the onset of droplet motion. Utilizing the contact electrification technique, contact-less and loss-less manipulation of polar and non-polar liquid droplets on different surface chemistries and geometries is demonstrated. It is envisioned that the technique can pave the way to simple, inexpensive, and portable lab on a chip and point of care devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
- Department of MechanicalAerospace and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Hamed Vahabi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80525USA
| | - Arsalan Taassob
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Sreekiran Pillai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Arun Kumar Kota
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80525USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tani Y, Ochiai K, Kaneta T. Optical collection of extracellular vesicles in a culture medium enhanced by interactions with gold nanoparticles. ANAL SCI 2022; 39:643-651. [PMID: 36334243 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exist in biological fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and are promising cancer biomarkers. Attempts to isolate and analyze trace EVs, however, have been a challenge for researchers studying their functions and secretion mechanisms, which has stymied the options for diagnostic application. This study demonstrated a collection of EVs that was enhanced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via the use of optical force. The collection system consists of an inverted microscope equipped with a CCD camera, a square capillary connected with a PTFE tube, and an Nd:YAG laser that generates optical force. The laser beam was focused on a capillary wall in which a cell culture medium containing EVs flowed continuously. Control of the surface charges on both the capillary wall and the AuNPs achieved the collection and retention of EVs on the capillary wall. The positively charged capillary wall retained EVs even after the laser irradiation was halted due to the negative charges inherent on the surface of EVs. Conversely, positively charged AuNPs had a strong electrostatic interaction with EVs and enhanced the optical force acting on them, which made collecting them a much more efficient process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeki Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenta Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of small molecular surfactants on physical, turbidimetric, and rheological properties of Pickering nanoemulsions stabilized with whey protein isolate. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Yang C, Zeng Q, Huang J, Guo Z. Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces based on external stimulation: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
5
|
Thin film breakage in oil–in–water emulsions, a multidisciplinary study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Tokonami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University.,Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aarøen O, Riccardi E, Sletmoen M. Exploring the effects of approach velocity on depletion force and coalescence in oil-in-water emulsions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8730-8740. [PMID: 35423378 PMCID: PMC8695179 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00661d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of droplets of varying size. Most studies on emulsions have focused on the behaviour of emulsion droplets with diameter from ∼50 μm and upwards. However, the properties of smaller droplets may be highly relevant in order to understand the behaviour of emulsions, including their performance in numerous applications within the fields of food, industry, and medical science. The relatively long life-time and small size of these droplets compared to other emulsion droplets, make them suited for optical trapping and micromanipulation technologies. Optical tweezers have previously shown potential in the study of stabilized emulsions. Here we employ optical tweezers to examine unstable oil-in-water emulsions to determine the effects of system parameters on depletion force and coalescence times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Aarøen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Enrico Riccardi
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
- Department of Informatics, UiO Gaustadalléen 23B 0373 Oslo Norway
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
R Otazo M, Ward R, Gillies G, Osborne RS, Golding M, Williams MAK. Aggregation and coalescence of partially crystalline emulsion drops investigated using optical tweezers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6383-6391. [PMID: 31309205 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solid content of viscoelastic emulsion drops is known to affect their propensity for aggregation and their subsequent coalescence behaviour, where the balance between the drive to reduce surface tension and the straining of an internal viscoelastic network is able to create a plethora of stable partially-coalesced states. The latter has previously been elegantly demonstrated in synthetic systems, generated using oil containing different phase volumes of added solids, with micro-pipette experiments carried out on emulsion drops of several tens of microns in size. Herein we carry out experiments in the same spirit but aided by optical tweezers (OT) and using smaller micron-sized emulsion drops generated from milk fat. Given the size dependence of Brownian fluctuations and Laplace pressure the experimental investigation of these smaller drops is not necessarily a trivial extension of the previous work. The solid content of initially separated drops is controlled using a temperature-cycling regime in the sample preparation protocol, and subsequently the propensity for drops to remain joined or not after being brought into contact was examined. Aggregated pairs of drops were then subjected to an increase in temperature, either locally using a high-powered laser, or more globally using a custom-made Peltier temperature-controller. By heating to different degrees, the amount of fat crystals in the drops was able to be controlled, with progressively more compact partially-coalesced states, and eventually complete coalescence generated as the solid content was reduced. While in contrast to previous studies, the emulsion studied here was quite different in size and nature, and the solid content was controlled using temperature, the same underlying physics was nevertheless observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela R Otazo
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Rob Ward
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Graeme Gillies
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Private Bag 11029, Dairy Farm Rd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Reuben S Osborne
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Matt Golding
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Martin A K Williams
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tani Y, Kaneta T. Enhancement of optical force acting on vesicles via the binding of gold nanoparticles. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190293. [PMID: 31218066 PMCID: PMC6549964 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we found that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) enhance the optical force acting on vesicles prepared from phospholipids via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. A laser beam was introduced into a cuvette filled with a suspension of vesicles and it accelerated them in its propagation direction via a scattering force. The addition of the AuNPs exponentially increased the velocity of the vesicles as their concentration increased, but polystyrene particles had no significant impact on velocity in the presence of AuNPs. To elucidate the mechanism of the increased velocity, the surface charges in the vesicles and the AuNPs were controlled; the surface charges of the vesicles were varied via the use of anionic, cationic and neutral phospholipids, whereas AuNPs with positive and negative charges were synthesized by coating with citrate ion and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, respectively. All vesicles increased the velocity at different degrees depending on the surface charge. The vesicles were accelerated more efficiently when their charges were opposite those of the AuNPs. These results suggested that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the vesicles and the AuNPs enhanced the optical force. By accounting for the binding constant between the vesicles and the AuNPs, we proposed a model for the relationship between the concentration of the AuNPs and the velocity of the vesicles. Consequently, the increased velocity of the vesicles was attributed to the light scattering that was enhanced when AuNPs were adsorbed onto the vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shinoda R, Uchimura T. Evaluating the Creaming of an Emulsion via Mass Spectrometry and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13752-13756. [PMID: 31458075 PMCID: PMC6644440 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The creaming behavior of a turbid oil-in-water emulsion was observed via the processes of multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MPI-TOFMS) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), and the results were compared. The transmittance measurement by UV-vis showed that the turbidity of the toluene emulsion was decreased with time. However, non-negligible errors are common in the measurement of a sample with high turbidity. The online measurement by MPI-TOFMS detected many spikes in the time profile, which revealed the existence of toluene droplets in the emulsion. A smooth time profile suggested that the signal intensity had initially increased, and then decreased with time; the initial concentration of toluene was 3 g/L, which had decreased by half after 60 min. The signal behavior obtained using MPI-TOFMS differed only slightly from that obtained using UV-vis. Since a change in turbidity is not the same as a change in the local concentration of an oil component, MPI-TOFMS is useful for the analysis of a turbid emulsion and offers additional information concerning the creaming phenomenon of an emulsion.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kuboi M, Takeyasu N, Kaneta T. Enhanced Optical Collection of Micro- and Nanovesicles in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2527-2531. [PMID: 30023838 PMCID: PMC6044840 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a process for collecting micro- and nanovesicles on a glass substrate using the optical pressure of a laser beam. The laser beam was focused on a glass substrate that sandwiched a solution containing vesicles prepared using a phospholipid. The optical pressure generated at the surface of the vesicles pulled them into the center of the beam where they formed an aggregate on the glass surface. The vesicles prepared with a buffer solution were successfully collected via adsorption onto the glass surface, whereas the vesicles prepared with pure water exhibited no such tendency. The time required to collect a certain amount of vesicles was inversely proportional to their concentration. To enhance the collection efficiency, we added gold nanoparticles to the vesicle solution. The addition of gold nanoparticles into the solution reduced the collection time to one-tenth of that without it, and this was attributed to thermal mixing promoted by the heat generated by the absorption from the gold nanoparticles in the solution, as well as to an enhancement of light scattering induced by the gold nanoparticles. The optical collection of vesicles coupled with gold nanoparticles shows a promise for the collection of trace amounts of extracellular vesicles in biological fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takashi Kaneta
- E-mail: . Phone: +81-86-251-7847. Fax: +81-86-251-7847 (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of Multiphoton Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Small Emulsion Droplets. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A system for measuring small oil droplets in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion was developed using multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In the present study, a capillary column with an inner diameter of 15 µm was used for sample introduction. Moreover, a compact microscopic system was constructed for observing an emulsion flowing through a capillary column. As a result, the length for sample introduction was shortened, which is preferable for the direct evaluation of an emulsion. Using this system, the minimum diameter of a detectable toluene droplet in an O/W emulsion was decreased to 1.7 µm. The present system could be used to evaluate the local microenvironment and stability of an emulsion.
Collapse
|