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Šuriņa S, Martinsone K, Perepjolkina V, Kolesnikova J, Vainik U, Ruža A, Vrublevska J, Smirnova D, Fountoulakis KN, Rancans E. Factors Related to COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors: A Structural Equation Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:676521. [PMID: 34290652 PMCID: PMC8288024 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While COVID-19 has rapidly spread around the world, and vaccines are not widely available to the general population, the World Health Organization outlines preventive behavior as the most effective way to limit the rapid spread of the virus. Preventive behavior is associated with a number of factors that both encourage and discourage prevention. Aim: The aim of this research was to study COVID-19 threat appraisal, fear of COVID-19, trust in COVID-19 information sources, COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and the relationship of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, level of education, place of residence, and employment status) to COVID-19 preventive behavior. Methods: The data originate from a national cross-sectional online survey (N = 2,608) undertaken in July 2020. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: COVID-19 threat appraisal, trust in COVID-19 information sources, and fear of COVID-19 are all significant predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Together they explain 26.7% of the variance of this variable. COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs significantly negatively predict COVID-19 threat appraisal (R 2 = 0.206) and trust in COVID-19 information sources (R 2 = 0.190). COVID-19 threat appraisal contributes significantly and directly to the explanation of the fear of COVID-19 (R 2 = 0.134). Directly, as well as mediated by COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, threat appraisal predicts trust in COVID-19 information sources (R 2 = 0.190). The relationship between COVID-19 threat appraisal and COVID-19 preventive behaviors is partially mediated by fear of COVID-19 (indirect effect 28.6%) and trust in information sources (15.8%). Socio-demographic variables add very little in prediction of COVID-19 preventive behavior. Conclusions: The study results demonstrate that COVID-19 threat appraisal is the most important factor associated with COVID-19 preventive behavior. Those Latvian residents with higher COVID-19 threat appraisal, experienced higher levels of fear of COVID-19, had more trust in COVID-19 information sources, and were more actively involved in following COVID-19 preventive behaviors. COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs negatively predict COVID-19 threat appraisal and trust in COVID-19 information sources, but not the COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Socio-demographic factors do not play an important role here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanita Šuriņa
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Rīgas Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia,*Correspondence: Sanita Šuriņa
| | - Kristine Martinsone
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Rīgas Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Jelena Kolesnikova
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Rīgas Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Preventive Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aleksejs Ruža
- Department of Psychology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Jelena Vrublevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Institute of Public Health, Rīgas Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia,Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,Mental Health Section, Research Institute, Panhellenic Medical Association, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Rīgas Stradiš University, Riga, Latvia
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Dehghan M, Namjoo Z, Zarei A, Tajedini H, Bahrami A, Zakeri MA. The Relationship between Coronavirus Anxiety, Mindfulness and Spiritual Health in Patients with Cancer: A Survey in Southeast Iran. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:443-452. [PMID: 34053210 PMCID: PMC8169327 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has caused major health problems, including anxiety in cancer patients worldwide. Spiritual health and mindfulness are considered as factors affecting anxiety. This study addressed the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety, spiritual health and mindfulness in patients with cancer. METHODS One hundred and eighty-four cancer patients participated in this cross-sectional study. The data were collected with convenience sampling method from two oncology centers from 15 June to 15 July 2020 in the southeast Iran. Patients completed the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), The Freiburg Mindfulness inventory-Short Form (FMI-SF) and Spiritual Health Scale. RESULTS According to the psychological symptom subscale (CDAS), 61.4% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. According to the physical symptom subscale, 38% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. No significant association was found between corona disease anxiety and mindfulness/spiritual health (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed high levels of mental and physical anxiety and worries about COVID-19 disease in cancer patients, which led to challenges in their lives. It is necessary to review and implement effective interventions in future studies to prevent anxiety and its consequences in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zakieh Namjoo
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tajedini
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zakeri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Chen H, Eyoun K. Do mindfulness and perceived organizational support work? Fear of COVID-19 on restaurant frontline employees' job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2021; 94:102850. [PMID: 34785844 PMCID: PMC8586797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has impacted the restaurant industry tremendously. Building on the Conservation of Resources Theory, the current study investigates the relationships among U.S. restaurant frontline employees' fear of COVID-19, job insecurity, and emotional exhaustion. The study also examines the moderating role of employee mindfulness and perceived organizational support. SPSS PROCESS macro was used for hypotheses testing. Results suggested that restaurant frontline employees' fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with both job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. Fear of COVID-19 had an indirect effect on restaurant frontline employees' emotional exhaustion via job insecurity. Employee mindfulness buffered the positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and job insecurity. Perceived organizational support was found to intensify the positive relationship between job insecurity and frontline employees' emotional exhaustion. The research provided useful human resource management practices for U.S. restaurant businesses amid crises such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- The Lester E. Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Administration, University of New Orleans, Kirschman Hall 462C, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Khalid Eyoun
- Department of Business Administration/Hospitality Management Program, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
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ŞANAL KARAHAN F, BAKALIM O. The Mindfulness Levels of Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Solution Focused Thinking and Valuing. SPIRITUAL PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING 2021. [DOI: 10.37898/spc.2021.6.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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