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Arora S, Goralczyk A, Andra S, Lim SYJ, Toh YC. Development of a Probability-Based In Vitro Eye Irritation Screening Platform. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:315. [PMID: 38671735 PMCID: PMC11047661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional eye irritation assessments, which rely on animal models or ex vivo tissues, face limitations due to ethical concerns, costs, and low throughput. Although numerous in vitro tests have been developed, none have successfully reconciled the need for high experimental throughput with the accurate prediction of irritation potential, attributable to the complexity of irritation mechanisms. Simple cell models, while suitable for high-throughput screening, offer limited mechanistic insights, contrasting with more physiologically relevant but less scalable complex organotypic corneal tissue constructs. This study presents a novel strategy to enhance the predictive accuracy of screening-compatible simple cell models in eye irritation testing. Our method combines the results of two in vitro assays-cell apoptosis and nociceptor (TRPV1) activation-using micropatterned chips to partition human corneal epithelial cells into numerous discrete small populations. Following exposure to test compounds, we measure apoptosis and nociceptor activation responses. The large datasets collected from the cell micropatterns facilitate binarization and statistical fitting to calculate a mathematical probability, which assesses the compound's potential to cause eye irritation. This method potentially enables the amalgamation of multiple mechanistic readouts into a singular index, providing a more accurate and reliable prediction of eye irritation potential in a format amenable to high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Goralczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Sujana Andra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Soon Yew John Lim
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, 61 Biopolis Drive, #06-20 Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Zhong C, Wanasathop A, Shi Z, Ananthapadmanabhan K, Li SK. Evaluation of in vitro cornea models for quantifying destructive effects of chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105462. [PMID: 36031007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are available as alternatives for the Draize eye irritation test. However, most of the alternative models are not quantitative nor designed to evaluate the effects of chemicals on the corneal barrier such as those encountered in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The objective of the present study was to investigate tissue electrical resistance to provide sensitive in vitro testing of tissue alteration caused by chemicals in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations as a potential eye irritation testing approach. The experimental protocols for effective tissue resistance measurements were examined using two in vitro eye models: porcine cornea and EpiCorneal. In these models, a test chemical was applied to the cornea or EpiCorneal tissue for 1 min, and tissue resistances/conductances were measured at 1-60 min after the application. The changes in conductance of the tissues after exposure to the chemicals were shown to provide quantitative evaluations to the influence of the chemicals. A correlation was found between the two in vitro models. The results suggest that these models can provide quantitative in vitro assessments of chemical formulations such as those prepared by eye-irritating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Apipa Wanasathop
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Kavssery Ananthapadmanabhan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America.
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Lebrun S, Nguyen L, Chavez S, Chan R, Le D, Nguyen M, Jester JV. Same-chemical comparison of nonanimal eye irritation test methods: Bovine corneal opacity and permeability, EpiOcular™, isolated chicken eye, ocular Irritection®, OptiSafe™, and short time exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105070. [PMID: 33352259 PMCID: PMC8544240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The testing and classification of chemicals to determine adverse ocular effects are routinely conducted to ensure that materials are appropriately classified, labeled, and meet regulatory and safety guidelines. We have performed a same-chemical analysis using publicly available validation study results and compared the performance between tests for the same chemicals. To normalize for chemical selection, we matched chemicals tested by pairs of tests so that each matched set compared performance for the exact same chemicals. Same-chemical accuracy comparisons demonstrate a chemical selection effect that results in a wide range of overlapping false-positive (FP) rates and accuracies for all test methods. In addition, the analysis suggests that a tiered-testing strategy with specific combinations of tests can reduce the FP rate for some combinations. However, reductions in the FP rates were typically accompanied by an increase in the false-negative rates, resulting in minimal advantage in terms of accuracy. In addition, actual improvements in the FP rate after retesting positives with a second test are not as good as the theoretical improvements because some chemicals and functional groups appear to be broadly misclassified by all test methods, which, to the extent the tests make the same-chemical misclassifications, reduces the advantage of using tiered-testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debby Le
- Lebrun Labs LLC, Anaheim, CA, USA
| | | | - James V Jester
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Cottrez F, Leblanc V, Boitel E, Groux H, Alépée N. The EyeIRR-IS assay: Development and evaluation of an in vitro assay to measure the eye irritation sub-categorization of liquid chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 71:105072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Xie Z, Ye K, Chen SH, Liu L, He LC, Sang J, Meng H, Kuang R. Cellular viability and death biomarkers enables the evaluation of ocular irritation using the bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:52-57. [PMID: 33421553 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The BCOP assay is used in the identification of chemicals that cause no ocular irritation or serious damage. However, this method has not been found to adequately discriminate between mild from moderate ocular irritation (category 2A/2B), based upon the animal data. In this study, we aimed to establish methods for discerning ocular irritation by chemicals. We used the BCOP assay and the fluorescence staining methods based on biomarkers for cellular viability and death. The potential for ocular irritation by 12 chemicals from different UN GHS categories was assessed by the BCOP assay. Cryosections of bovine corneas were obtained. The necrotic nucleus was TUNEL labeled, cytoplasmic f-actin was stained by phalloidin while the nucleus was stained by DAPI. The depth of injury (DOI) was then measured. According to BCOP assay, in vivo data of Draize eye test and DOI, the results showed that category NC irritants caused ≤ 10 % epithelial DOI, irritants of category 2B caused >10 % epithelial DOI and showed no stromal damage, while category 2A showed damage to the stroma. Based on these results, the GHS prediction model could distinguish between GHS 2A and 2B. Authenticating the viability of BCOP by DOI measurements can provide a more reliable basis for classifying ocular irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xie
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - K Ye
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - S H Chen
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - L Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - L C He
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - J Sang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - H Meng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - R Kuang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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Valadares MC, de Oliveira GAR, de Ávila RI, da Silva ACG. Strategy Combining Nonanimal Methods for Ocular Toxicity Evaluation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2240:175-195. [PMID: 33423234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the ocular toxicity of manufactured consumer materials has been evaluated using the rabbit in vivo Draize rabbit eye test. The animal data obtained were used by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS) to define the classification and labelling (C&L) for eye damage/irritation endpoint. However, the Draize test, a method which was never formally validated, has been widely criticized because of its technical limitations. In addition, ethical and economic issues and advances in scientific knowledge, and political and public pressures have made animal experimentation unsustainable. This scenario has consequently led to the development of nonanimal testing and protocols/approaches with considerable predictive value and relevance for humans. It is widely accepted that one single nonanimal method cannot cover all the criteria of damage/inflammation assessed by regulatory adopted in vivo animal testing. Thus, integrated testing strategies (ITS) have been proposed, including a tiered testing approach combining different nonanimal testing with different endpoints, which have been used for regulatory purposes, on a case-by-case basis and within integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), to identify materials according to their ability to trigger eye damage. In particular, the top-down and bottom-up approaches have been recommended for the C&L of materials, which cause serious eye damage or eye irritation, respectively. This chapter describes detailed protocols for eye irritation testing based on cells (Short Time Exposure-STE, OECD No. 491/2017), a vascularized membrane (the Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane-HET-CAM) and corneal tissue (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability-BCOP, OECD No. 437/2017), which can be applied using top-down or bottom-up approaches. In addition, it suggests making a corneal histomorphometric evaluation as an additional parameter in the BCOP method to differentiate materials that cause serious eye tissue damage (UN GHS Cat. 1) from materials that have reversible eye irritation effects (UN GHS Cat. 2).
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Overall performance of Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Laser Light-Based Opacitometer (LLBO) test method with regard to solid and liquid chemicals testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105044. [PMID: 33130054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A prospective study of the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Laser Light-Based Opacitometer (LLBO) test method was conducted to evaluate its usefulness to identify chemicals as inducing serious eye damage (Cat. 1) or chemicals not requiring classification for eye irritation (No Cat.) applying United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). The aim was to demonstrate the reproducibility of the BCOP LLBO protocol for liquids and solids and define its predictive capacity. Briefly, 145 chemicals were simultaneously tested with BCOP LLBO and OP-KIT (OECD TG 437), one to two times in one laboratory. When used to identify Cat. 1, the BCOP LLBO has a false negative rate (FNR) of 24.1% (N = 56) compared to 34.8% (N = 56) for the BCOP OP-KIT, with a comparable false positive rate (FPR, N = 89) of 18.5% and 20.8%, respectively. When used to identify chemicals not requiring classification (No Cat.) the BCOP LLBO and BCOP OP-KIT had a FNR (N = 104) of 6.2% and 7.2% and a FPR (N = 41) of 45.1% and 42.7%, respectively. The OP-KIT and LLBO devices are interchangeable at no cost to data quality and reliability. The OP-KIT and LLBO devices are interchangeable at no cost to data quality and reliability. The performance of the LLBO is at least as good as the OP-KIT, both methods can be used to identify UN GHS Cat. 1 and UN GHS No Cat. chemicals.
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Lorenzo-Veiga B, Diaz-Rodriguez P, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Loftsson T, Sigurdsson HH. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Nepafenac-Based Cyclodextrin Microparticles for Treatment of Eye Inflammation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040709. [PMID: 32283583 PMCID: PMC7221994 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design and evaluate novel cyclodextrin (CD)-based aggregate formulations to efficiently deliver nepafenac topically to the eye structure, to treat inflammation and increase nepafenac levels in the posterior segment, thus attenuating the response of inflammatory mediators. The physicochemical properties of nine aggregate formulations containing nepafenac/γ-CD/hydroxypropyl-β (HPβ)-CD complexes as well as their rheological properties, mucoadhesion, ocular irritancy, corneal and scleral permeability, and anti-inflammatory activity were investigated in detail. The results were compared with a commercially available nepafenac suspension, Nevanac® 3 mg/mL. All formulations showed microparticles, neutral pH, and negative zeta potential (–6 to –27 mV). They were non-irritating and nontoxic and showed high permeation through bovine sclera. Formulations containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) showed greater anti-inflammatory activity, even higher than the commercial formulation, Nevanac® 0.3%. The optimized formulations represent an opportunity for topical instillation of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Lorenzo-Veiga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (B.L.-V.); (T.L.)
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Campus de Anchieta, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (B.L.-V.); (T.L.)
| | - Hakon Hrafn Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (B.L.-V.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Andrade WM, da Silva ACG, Moreira LC, Gomes TRLES, Batista AC, Valadares MC. Innovative strategy based on mechanisms to substitute animal testing for ocular toxicity assessment of agrochemical formulations market in Brazil. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104851. [PMID: 32259559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considering the successful employment of alternative methods for eye toxicity assessment of products for regulatory purposes, and the recent advances in Brazilian legislative scenario, which adopted the UN GHS classification system for agrochemical formulations toxicity assessment, there is an emerging demand for strategies that allow the evaluation of such products. Based on this, the present study aimed to address the applicability of a mechanistic-based defined approach for eye toxicity assessment of agrochemical formulations. It was investigated the opacity/permeability, depth and location of corneal injury in bovine cornea, and vascular events in chorioallantoic membrane induced for different Brazilian agrochemicals using a Sequential Testing Strategy (STS). Cytotoxicity induced by the agrochemical formulations was evaluated by Short Time exposure (STE) (OECD TG 491) assay (step 1), corneal injury was investigated by standard Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) (OECD TG 437) followed by histopathological evaluation (step 2), and Hen Chorionic-allantoic Membrane test (HET-CAM) was used to evaluate vascular injury (step 3). The results demonstrated that the proposed defined approach enabled a classification corresponding UN GHS classification of agrochemical formulations while minimizing the use of live animals. Therefore, this approach may be useful for categorization of agrochemicals in Brazil according to the new regulatory scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Machado Andrade
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Artur Christian Garcia da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cleres Moreira
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Ko KY, Jeon HL, Kim J, Kim TS, Hong YH, Jeong MK, Park KH, Kim BH, Park S, Jang WH, Cho SA, An S, Cho AR, Yi JS, Kim JY, Kim H, Lee JK, Park KS. Two tiered approaches combining alternative test methods and minimizing the use of reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium tests for the evaluation of eye irritation potency of test chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104675. [PMID: 31648046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations of single in vitro eye irritation tests, Integrated Approaches to Testing Assessment strategies have been suggested for evaluating eye irritation. This study developed two tiered approaches combining alternative test methods. They were designed in consideration of the solubility property of test chemicals and to use the RhCE tests at final steps. The tiered approach A is composed of the STE, BCOP, HET-CAM or RhCE tests, whereas the tiered approach B is designed to perform simultaneously two in vitro test methods at the first stage and the RhCE test at the final stage. The predictive capacity of the two tiered approaches was estimated using 47 chemicals. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity value of the tiered approach A were 95.7% (45/47), 100% (34/34), and 84.6% (11/13), respectively, whereas those of the tiered approach B were 95.7% (45/47), 97.1% (33/34), and 92.3% (12/13), respectively. The approach A and B were considered to be available methods for distinguishing test chemicals of Category 1 (all 73.3%) and No Category (84.6% and 92.3%), respectively. Especially, the approach B was considered as an efficient method as the Bottom-Up approach, because it predicted correctly test chemicals classified as No Category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yuk Ko
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lyun Jeon
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Hong
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Jeong
- Major in Public Health, Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo-Hyun Park
- Major in Public Health, Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Hwan Kim
- Major in Public Health, Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Park
- AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Jang
- AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Cho
- AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Susun An
- AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Yi
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Kim
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sook Park
- Toxicological Screening & Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea.
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Development of a defined approach for eye irritation or serious eye damage for neat liquids based on cosmetics Europe analysis of in vitro RhCE and BCOP test methods. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:100-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Alépée N, Adriaens E, Abo T, Bagley D, Desprez B, Hibatallah J, Mewes K, Pfannenbecker U, Sala À, Van Rompay A, Verstraelen S, McNamee P. Development of a defined approach for eye irritation or serious eye damage for liquids, neat and in dilution, based on cosmetics Europe analysis of in vitro STE and BCOP test methods. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:154-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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CON4EI: Development of serious eye damage and eye irritation testing strategies with respect to the requirements of the UN GHS/EU CLP hazard categories. Toxicol In Vitro 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Adriaens E, Verstraelen S, Alépée N, Kandarova H, Drzewiecka A, Gruszka K, Guest R, Willoughby J, Van Rompay A. CON4EI: Development of testing strategies for hazard identification and labelling for serious eye damage and eye irritation of chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 49:99-115. [PMID: 28964898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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de Ávila RI, de Sousa Vieira M, Gaeti MPN, Moreira LC, de Brito Rodrigues L, de Oliveira GAR, Batista AC, Vinhal DC, Menegatti R, Valadares MC. Toxicity evaluation of the photoprotective compound LQFM048: Eye irritation, skin toxicity and genotoxic endpoints. Toxicology 2017; 376:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Oliveira GAR, Ducas RDN, Teixeira GC, Batista AC, Oliveira DP, Valadares MC. Short Time Exposure (STE) test in conjunction with Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay including histopathology to evaluate correspondence with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) eye irritation classification of textile dyes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1283-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Predictive performance of the Short Time Exposure test for identifying eye irritation potential of chemical mixtures. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:617-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hayashi K, Abo T, Nukada Y, Sakaguchi H. Definition of the applicability domain of the Short Time Exposure (STE) test for predicting the eye irritation of chemicals. Altern Lab Anim 2013; 41:157-71. [PMID: 23781933 DOI: 10.1177/026119291304100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Short Time Exposure (STE) test is a simple and easy-to-perform in vitro eye irritation test, that uses the viability of SIRC cells (a rabbit corneal cell line) treated for five minutes as the endpoint. In this study, our goal was to define the applicability domain of the STE test, based on the results obtained with a set of 113 substances. To achieve this goal, chemicals were selected to represent both different chemical classes and different chemical properties, as well as to cover, in a balanced manner, the categories of eye irritation potential according to the Globally Harmonised System (GHS). Accuracy analysis indicated that the rates of false negatives for organic/inorganic salts (75.0%), hydrocarbons (33.3%) and alcohols (23.5%) were high. Many of the false negative results were for solid substances. It is noteworthy that no surfactant resulted in a false negative result in the STE test. Further examination of the physical property data and performance showed a significant improvement in the predictive accuracy, when substances with vapour pressures over 6kPa were excluded from the analyses. Our results indicate that several substances - i.e. certain solids such as salts, alcohols, hydrocarbons, and volatile substances with a vapour pressure over 6kPa - do not fall within the applicability domain of the STE test. Overall, we are encouraged by the performance and improved accuracy of the STE test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, Japan
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Dholakiya SL, Barile FA. Alternative methods for ocular toxicology testing: validation, applications and troubleshooting. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:699-712. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.783013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Two-stage bottom-up tiered approach combining several alternatives for identification of eye irritation potential of chemicals including insoluble or volatile substances. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:1199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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