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Sun M, Zhang J, Xuanyuan T, Liu X, Liu W. Facile and Rapid Microcontact Printing of Additive-Free Polydimethylsiloxane for Biological Patterning Diversity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38597685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The development and application of micropatterning technology play a promising role in the manipulation of biological substances and the exploration of life sciences at the microscale. However, the universally adaptable micropatterning method with user-friendly properties for acceptance in routine laboratories remains scarce. Herein, a green, facile, and rapid microcontact printing method is reported for upgrading popularization and diversification of biological patterning. The three-step printing can achieve high simplicity and fidelity of additive-free polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropatterning and chip fabrication within 8 min as well as keep their high stability and diversity. A detailed experimental report is provided to support the advanced microcontact printing method. Furthermore, the applications of easy-to-operate PDMS-patterned chips are extensively validated to complete microdroplet array assembly with spatial control, cell pattern formation with high efficiency and geometry customization, and microtissue assembly and biomimetic tumor construction on a large scale. This straightforward method promotes diverse micropatternings with minimal time, effort, and expertise and maximal biocompatibility, which might broaden its applications in interdisciplinary scientific communities. This work also offers an insight into the establishment of popularized and market-oriented microtools for biomedical purposes such as biosensing, organs on a chip, cancer research, and bioscreening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tingting Xuanyuan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xufang Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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2
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Arora S, Goralczyk A, Andra S, Lim SYJ, Toh YC. Development of a Probability-Based In Vitro Eye Irritation Screening Platform. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:315. [PMID: 38671735 PMCID: PMC11047661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional eye irritation assessments, which rely on animal models or ex vivo tissues, face limitations due to ethical concerns, costs, and low throughput. Although numerous in vitro tests have been developed, none have successfully reconciled the need for high experimental throughput with the accurate prediction of irritation potential, attributable to the complexity of irritation mechanisms. Simple cell models, while suitable for high-throughput screening, offer limited mechanistic insights, contrasting with more physiologically relevant but less scalable complex organotypic corneal tissue constructs. This study presents a novel strategy to enhance the predictive accuracy of screening-compatible simple cell models in eye irritation testing. Our method combines the results of two in vitro assays-cell apoptosis and nociceptor (TRPV1) activation-using micropatterned chips to partition human corneal epithelial cells into numerous discrete small populations. Following exposure to test compounds, we measure apoptosis and nociceptor activation responses. The large datasets collected from the cell micropatterns facilitate binarization and statistical fitting to calculate a mathematical probability, which assesses the compound's potential to cause eye irritation. This method potentially enables the amalgamation of multiple mechanistic readouts into a singular index, providing a more accurate and reliable prediction of eye irritation potential in a format amenable to high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Goralczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Sujana Andra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Soon Yew John Lim
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, 61 Biopolis Drive, #06-20 Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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3
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Hoang P, Kowalczewski A, Sun S, Winston TS, Archilla AM, Lemus SM, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Gupta AR, Liu W, Kontaridis MI, Amack JD, Ma Z. Engineering spatial-organized cardiac organoids for developmental toxicity testing. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1228-1244. [PMID: 33891865 PMCID: PMC8185451 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging technologies in stem cell engineering have produced sophisticated organoid platforms by controlling stem cell fate via biomaterial instructive cues. By micropatterning and differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we have engineered spatially organized cardiac organoids with contracting cardiomyocytes in the center surrounded by stromal cells distributed along the pattern perimeter. We investigated how geometric confinement directed the structural morphology and contractile functions of the cardiac organoids and tailored the pattern geometry to optimize organoid production. Using modern data-mining techniques, we found that pattern sizes significantly affected contraction functions, particularly in the parameters related to contraction duration and diastolic functions. We applied cardiac organoids generated from 600 μm diameter circles as a developmental toxicity screening assay and quantified the embryotoxic potential of nine pharmaceutical compounds. These cardiac organoids have potential use as an in vitro platform for studying organoid structure-function relationships, developmental processes, and drug-induced cardiac developmental toxicity. Micropattern-based geometric confinement directs cardiac organoid development Cardiac organoid structure-function relationships are guided by organoid size Cardiac organoids can be used as an in vitro embryotoxicity assessment tool
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Affiliation(s)
- Plansky Hoang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shiyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tackla S Winston
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Adriana M Archilla
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie M Lemus
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Abha R Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Amack
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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4
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Yamaguchi S, Takasaki Y, Yamahira S, Nagamune T. Photo-Cleavable Peptide-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Conjugate Surfaces for Light-Guided Control of Cell Adhesion. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E762. [PMID: 32784375 PMCID: PMC7465029 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photo-responsive cell attachment surfaces can simplify patterning and recovery of cells in microdevices for medicinal and pharmaceutical research. We developed a photo-responsive surface for controlling the attachment and release of adherent cells on a substrate under light-guidance. The surface comprises a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based photocleavable material that can conjugate with cell-adhesive peptides. Surface-bound peptides were released by photocleavage in the light-exposed region, where the cell attachment was subsequently suppressed by the exposed PEG. Simultaneously, cells selectively adhered to the peptide surface at the unexposed microscale region. After culture, the adhered and spread cells were released by exposure to a light with nontoxic dose level. Thus, the present surface can easily create both cell-adhesive and non-cell-adhesive regions on the substrate by single irradiation of the light pattern, and the adhered cells were selectively released from the light-exposed region on the cell micropattern without damage. This study shows that the photo-responsive surface can serve as a facile platform for the remote-control of patterning and recovery of adherent cells in microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yumi Takasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamahira
- Center for Medical Sciences, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Park JA, Lee HR, Park SY, Jung S. Self-Organization of Fibroblast-Laden 3D Collagen Microstructures from Inkjet-Printed Cell Patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900280. [PMID: 32402122 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges encountered in engineering complex tissues in vitro is to increase levels of complexity at the micron scale in 3D structures. Here, a strategy to create self-organized 3D collagen microstructures by 2D micropatterning of fibroblasts is developed. Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is used to pattern fibroblast cells on a collagen substrate in pre-designed patterns and with controlled density. It is found that cell-to-ECM interaction promotes cellular self-organization of 3D microstructures on collagen hydrogel, whereas the formation of 3D microstructure is inhibited by disruption of actin polymerization. Using this phenomena, the controlled sizes and morphologies of the 3D collagen microstructures is demonstrated by manipulating the designs of cell patterns and the density of cells. Finally, this technique is applied to build a human skin model with papillary microstructures at the dermo-epidermal junction. This approach to create 3D cell-laden collagen microstructures by cell patterning provides a simple and powerful way to mimic the structures and functions of complex tissues and organs, and can make a contribution to reduce the gap between the human body and in vitro tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju An Park
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Bautista M, Fernandez A, Pinaud F. A Micropatterning Strategy to Study Nuclear Mechanotransduction in Cells. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E810. [PMID: 31771260 PMCID: PMC6952994 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterning techniques have been widely used in biology, particularly in studies involving cell adhesion and proliferation on different substrates. Cell micropatterning approaches are also increasingly employed as in vitro tools to investigate intracellular mechanotransduction processes. In this report, we examined how modulating cellular shapes on two-dimensional rectangular fibronectin micropatterns of different widths influences nuclear mechanotransduction mediated by emerin, a nuclear envelope protein implicated in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Fibronectin microcontact printing was tested onto glass coverslips functionalized with three different silane reagents (hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)) using a vapor-phase deposition method. We observed that HMDS provides the most reliable printing surface for cell micropatterning, notably because it forms a hydrophobic organosilane monolayer that favors the retainment of surface antifouling agents on the coverslips. We showed that, under specific mechanical cues, emerin-null human skin fibroblasts display a significantly more deformed nucleus than skin fibroblasts expressing wild type emerin, indicating that emerin plays a crucial role in nuclear adaptability to mechanical stresses. We further showed that proper nuclear responses to forces involve a significant relocation of emerin from the inner nuclear envelope towards the outer nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane network. Cell micropatterning by fibronectin microcontact printing directly on HMDS-treated glass represents a simple approach to apply steady-state biophysical cues to cells and study their specific mechanobiology responses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markville Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Anthony Fernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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7
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Nishimura SN, Hokazono N, Taki Y, Motoda H, Morita Y, Yamamoto K, Higashi N, Koga T. Photocleavable Peptide-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Hybrid Graft Copolymer via Postpolymerization Modification by Click Chemistry To Modulate the Cell Affinities of 2D and 3D Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:24577-24587. [PMID: 31252450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the surface properties of engineered materials to enhance or reduce their cellular affinities remains a significant challenge in the field of biomaterials. We describe a universal technique for modulating the cytocompatibilities of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) materials using a novel photocleavable peptide-grafted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hybrid. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of HEMA and propargyl acrylate was successfully controlled. The resultant alkyne-containing PHEMA was then used to modify the azide-terminated oligopeptides [Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS)] with a photolabile 3-amino-3-(2-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid moiety via the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide click chemistry. This strategy was readily used to decorate the surfaces of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials with RGDS peptides due to the high film-forming abilities of the PHEMA unit. The resultant thin film acted as an effective scaffold for improving cell adhesion and growth of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in vitro. In addition, UV irradiation of the surface led to the detachment of cells from the material surface accompanied by the photocleavage of RGDS grafts and enabled the 2D-patterning of cells and cell sheet engineering. The applicability of this system to 3D materials was investigated, and the cell adhesion was remarkably enhanced on a 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) object. This facile, biocompatible, and photoprocessable peptide-vinyl polymer hybrid system is valuable for its ability to advance the fields of tissue engineering, cell chips, and regenerative medicine.
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Fernandez A, Bautista M, Stanciauskas R, Chung T, Pinaud F. Cell-Shaping Micropatterns for Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy Imaging of Membrane Mechanosensing Proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:27575-27586. [PMID: 28766344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Patterning cells on microcontact-printed substrates is a powerful approach to control cell morphology and introduce specific mechanical cues on a cell's molecular organization. Although global changes in cellular architectures caused by micropatterns can easily be probed with diffraction-limited optical microscopy, studying molecular reorganizations at the nanoscale demands micropatterned substrates that accommodate the optical requirements of single molecule microscopy techniques. Here, we developed a simple micropatterning strategy that provides control of cellular architectures and is optimized for nanometer accuracy single molecule tracking and three-dimensional super-resolution imaging of plasma and nuclear membrane proteins in cells. This approach, based on fibronectin microcontact printing on hydrophobic organosilane monolayers, allows evanescent wave and light-sheet microscopy of cells whilst fulfilling the stringent optical demands of point reconstruction optical microscopy. By imposing steady-state mechanical cues on cells grown in these micropatterns, we reveal nanoscale remodeling in the dynamics and the structural organizations of the nuclear envelope mechanotransducing protein emerin and of the plasma membrane mechanosensing protein caveolin-1 using single particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging. In addition to allowing quantitative biophysical studies of mechanoresponsive membrane proteins, this approach provides an easy means to probe mechanical regulations in cellular membranes with high optical resolution and nanometer precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Markville Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ramunas Stanciauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Taerin Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Wedeking T, Löchte S, Birkholz O, Wallenstein A, Trahe J, Klingauf J, Piehler J, You C. Spatiotemporally Controlled Reorganization of Signaling Complexes in the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells. Small 2015; 11:5912-5918. [PMID: 26421417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triggered immobilization of proteins in the plasma membrane of living cells into functional micropatterns is established by using an adaptor protein, which is comprised of an antiGFP nanobody fused to the HaloTag protein. Efficient in situ reorganization of the type I interferon receptor subunits as well as intact, fully functional signaling complexes in living cells are achieved by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wedeking
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Sara Löchte
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Oliver Birkholz
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Alexander Wallenstein
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Julia Trahe
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
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Abstract
We report here a new methodology for sorting mammalian cells based on their intrinsic motility on planar substrates, independent of chemoattractants and external fields. This biological analogue of thin layer chromatography consists of arrays of asymmetric adhesive islands on tissue culture dishes that rectify the random movement of cells and direct their migration in a specific direction. We demonstrated the use of planar cell chromatography in the separation of mixtures of 3T3 fibroblasts that express constitutively active Rac1 or RhoA and mixtures of 3T3 fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos C Co
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012, United States
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Huda S, Soh S, Pilans D, Byrska-Bishop M, Kim J, Wilk G, Borisy GG, Kandere-Grzybowska K, Grzybowski BA. Microtubule guidance tested through controlled cell geometry. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5790-9. [PMID: 22992457 PMCID: PMC3575711 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In moving cells dynamic microtubules (MTs) target and disassemble substrate adhesion sites (focal adhesions; FAs) in a process that enables the cell to detach from the substrate and propel itself forward. The short-range interactions between FAs and MT plus ends have been observed in several experimental systems, but the spatial overlap of these structures within the cell has precluded analysis of the putative long-range mechanisms by which MTs growing through the cell body reach FAs in the periphery of the cell. In the work described here cell geometry was controlled to remove the spatial overlap of cellular structures thus allowing for unambiguous observation of MT guidance. Specifically, micropatterning of living cells was combined with high-resolution in-cell imaging and gene product depletion by means of RNA interference to study the long-range MT guidance in quantitative detail. Cells were confined on adhesive triangular microislands that determined cell shape and ensured that FAs localized exclusively at the vertices of the triangular cells. It is shown that initial MT nucleation at the centrosome is random in direction, while the alignment of MT trajectories with the targets (i.e. FAs at vertices) increases with an increasing distance from the centrosome, indicating that MT growth is a non-random, guided process. The guided MT growth is dependent on the presence of FAs at the vertices. The depletion of either myosin IIA or myosin IIB results in depletion of F-actin bundles and spatially unguided MT growth. Taken together our findings provide quantitative evidence of a role for long-range MT guidance in MT targeting of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabil Huda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Didzis Pilans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marta Byrska-Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Gary Wilk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Gary G. Borisy
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Kristiana Kandere-Grzybowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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12
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Shah SS, Howland MC, Chen LJ, Silangcruz J, Verkhoturov SV, Schweikert EA, Parikh AN, Revzin A. Micropatterning of proteins and mammalian cells on indium tin oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2009; 1:2592-601. [PMID: 20356132 PMCID: PMC2901501 DOI: 10.1021/am900508m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel surface engineering approach that combines oxygen plasma treatment and electrochemical activation to create micropatterned cocultures on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. In this approach, photoresist was patterned onto an ITO substrate modified with poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) silane. The photoresist served as a stencil during exposure of the surface to oxygen plasma. Upon incubation with collagen (I) solution and removal of the photoresist, the ITO substrate contained collagen regions surrounded by nonfouling PEG silane. Chemical analysis carried out with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) at different stages in micropatterned construction verified removal of PEG-silane during oxygen plasma and presence of collagen and PEG molecules on the same surface. Imaging ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to further investigate micropatterned ITO surfaces. Biological application of this micropatterning strategy was demonstrated through selective attachment of mammalian cells on the ITO substrate. Importantly, after seeding the first cell type, the ITO surfaces could be activated by applying negative voltage (-1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl). This resulted in removal of nonfouling PEG layer and allowed to attach another cell type onto the same surface and to create micropatterned cocultures. Micropatterned cocultures of primary hepatocytes and fibroblasts created by this strategy remained functional after 9 days as verified by analysis of hepatic albumin. The novel surface engineering strategy described here may be used to pattern multiple cell types on an optically transparent and conductive substrate and is envisioned to have applications in tissue engineering and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny S. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Michael C. Howland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Jaime Silangcruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | | | - Atul N. Parikh
- Department of Biophysics, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Applied Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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