1
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Adachi M, Kumagai T, Hosho K, Nagata K, Fujiyoshi M, Shimada M. Exploring Acute Liver Damage: Slimming Health Foods and CYP3A4 Induction. Yonago Acta Med 2024; 67:124-134. [PMID: 38803590 PMCID: PMC11128086 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients taking multiple drugs and various health foods often develop acute hepatitis. We hypothesized that the interaction between health foods and drug metabolism was the cause of severe liver injury in these patients. Therefore, we studied changes in the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 (CYP), using slimming health food extracts and elucidated the molecular mechanism of liver injury onset through hepatotoxicity evaluation. Methods For cytotoxicity testing, health food extract samples were added to HepG2 cells derived from hepatic parenchymal cells and culture medium, and cell viability was calculated 48 h after culture. To evaluate CYP3A4 induction, 3-1-10 cells constructed with a reporter linked to CYP3A4 gene were used, and reporter activity was measured 48 h after culture. Results In the chronological order of the slimming health food intake history of the patient, niacinamide and Gymnema sylvestre extracts strongly inhibited HepG2 cell viability. In contrast, dietary supplements A and Coleus forskohlii extract strongly induced CYP3A4 reporter activity. To confirm CYP3A4 induction in humans, humanized CYP3A/pregnane X receptor (PXR) mice were treated with forskolin. CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels were elevated 3.9 times compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Coleus forskohlii extract showed the strongest transcriptional activation of CYP3A4 gene. In a mouse model of human-type drug metabolism, forskolin induced CYP3A4 transcription. Thus, we concluded that CYP3A4 induction by Coleus forskohlii is one of the causes of crucial hepatocellular injury, which is a type of liver injury caused by the active metabolite of acetaminophen produced by CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Adachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kumagai
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Keiko Hosho
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | - Miki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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2
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Ishida M, Kumagai T, Yamamoto T, Suzuki H, Moriki K, Fujiyoshi M, Nagata K, Shimada M. Mechanism Underlying Conflicting Drug-Drug Interaction Between Aprepitant and Voriconazole via Cytochrome P450 3A4-Mediated Metabolism. Yonago Acta Med 2024; 67:31-40. [PMID: 38371278 PMCID: PMC10867237 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Voriconazole is an antifungal drug for which therapeutic monitoring is recommended to prevent side effects. Temporary administration of the antiemetic drug fosaprepitant remarkably decreases the plasma concentration of voriconazole from the therapeutic range. The ratio of the major metabolite voriconazole N-oxide to voriconazole exceeded that at any other time for a patient who started chemotherapy during voriconazole therapy. We attributed this unpredictable result to cytochrome P450 3A4 induced by aprepitant that was converted from fosaprepitant in vivo. Methods Concentrations of voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in primary human hepatocytes after incubation with aprepitant. Aprepitant suppressed voriconazole N-oxide formation within 24 h, followed by a continuous increase. Levels of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 mRNA were measured using real-time PCR in primary human hepatocytes incubated with aprepitant. Results Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2C9 mRNA levels increased ~4- and 2-fold, respectively, over time. Cytochrome P450 3A4 induction was confirmed using reporter assays. We also assessed L-755446, a major metabolite of aprepitant that lacks a triazole ring. Both compounds dose-dependently increased reporter activity; however, induction by L-755446 was stronger than that by aprepitant. Conclusion These results indicate that aprepitant initially inhibited voriconazole metabolism via its triazole ring and increased cytochrome P450 3A4 induction following L-755446 formation. The decrease in plasma voriconazole concentration 7 days after fosaprepitant administration was mainly attributed to cytochrome P450 3A4 induction by L-755446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kumagai
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Moriki
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Miki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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3
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Mitamura R, Nakano M, Isono M, Kurosawa K, Fukami T, Nakajima M. NEAT1_2 and DAZAP1, Paraspeckle Components, Interact with PXR to Negatively Regulate CYP3A4 Induction. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1230-1237. [PMID: 37349114 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a major nuclear receptor that upregulates the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A4. In our recent study, it was revealed that PXR interacts with DAZ-associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), which is an essential component of the paraspeckle, a membraneless nuclear body, and the interaction was disassociated by rifampicin, a ligand of PXR. The purpose of this study was to clarify the roles of paraspeckles in PXR-mediated transcriptional regulation. Immunoprecipitation assays using PXR-overexpressing HepG2 (ShP51) cells revealed that PXR interacts with not only DAZAP1 but also NEAT1_2, a long noncoding RNA included in the paraspeckle, and that the interaction between PXR and NEAT1_2 was disassociated by rifampicin. These results suggest that PXR is trapped in paraspeckles and that the activation of PXR by its ligands facilitates its disassociation from paraspeckles. Induction of CYP3A4 by rifampicin was significantly enhanced by the knockdown of NEAT1_2 or DAZAP1 in ShP51 cells and their parental HepG2 cells. A luciferase assay using a plasmid containing the PXR response elements of CYP3A4 revealed that the increased CYP3A4 induction by siNEAT1_2 or siDAZAP1 was due to the increased transactivation by PXR. These results suggest that paraspeckles play a role in trapping nuclear PXR in the absence of the ligand to negatively regulate transactivation of its downstream gene. Collectively, this is the first study to demonstrate that the paraspeckle components NEAT1_2 and DAZAP1 negatively regulate CYP3A4 induction by PXR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that PXR interacts with paraspeckle components NEAT1_2 and DAZAP1 to suppress CYP3A4 induction by PXR, and the interaction is dissociated by PXR ligands. This finding provides a novel concept that paraspeckles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation potentially affect drug metabolism via negative regulation of PXR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mitamura
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Isono
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiamu Kurosawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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4
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Li H, Wang YG, Ma ZC, Yun-Hang G, Ling S, Teng-Fei C, Guang-Ping Z, Gao Y. A high-throughput cell-based gaussia luciferase reporter assay for measurement of CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 induction. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:752-763. [PMID: 33896369 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1918800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The induction of cytochrome P450s can result in reduced drug efficacy and lead to potential drug-drug interactions. The xenoreceptors-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR)-play key roles in CYP induction by xenobiotics. In order to be able to rapidly screen for the induction of three enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4), we generated a stable AhR-responsive HepG2 cell line, a stable CAR-responsive HepG2 cell line, and a stable PXR-responsive HepG2 cell line.To validate these stable xenoreceptor-responsive HepG2 cell lines, we evaluated the induction of the different Gaussia reporter activities, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of endogenous CYPs in response to different inducers.The induction of luciferase activity in the stable xenoreceptor-responsive HepG2 cell lines by specific inducers occurred in a concentration dependent manner. There was a positive correlation between the induction of luciferase activities and the induction endogenous CYP mRNA expression levels. These xenoreceptor-responsive HepG2 cell lines were further validated with known CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 inducers.These stable xenoreceptor-responsive HepG2 cell lines may be used in preclinical research for the rapid and sensitive detection of AhR, CAR, and PXR ligands that induce CYP450 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Yun-Hang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Ling
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Teng-Fei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Guang-Ping
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Kumagai T, Aratsu Y, Sugawara R, Sasaki T, Miyairi S, Nagata K. Indirubin, a component of Ban-Lan-Gen, activates CYP3A4 gene transcription through the human pregnane X receptor. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Inami K, Sasaki T, Kumagai T, Nagata K. Simultaneous evaluation of human CYP3A4 and ABCB1 induction by reporter assay in LS174T cells, stably expressing their reporter genes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:139-47. [PMID: 25410880 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of orally administered therapies are often significantly limited in the human intestine by the metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Predicting whether candidate compounds induce CYP3A4 and P-gp is a crucial stage in the drug development process, as drug-drug interactions may result in the induction of intestinal CYP3A4 and P-gp. However, the assay systems needed to evaluate both CYP3A4 and P-gp induction in the intestine are yet to be established. To address this urgent requirement, LS174T cells were used to create two stable cell lines expressing the CYP3A4 or ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1, encoding P-gp) reporter genes. First, these stable cells were tested by treatment with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) that induce CYP3A4 and P-gp in the intestines. All these compounds significantly increased both CYP3A4 and ABCB1 reporter activities in the stable cell lines. To simultaneously assess the induction of CYP3A4 and ABCB1, both stable cells were co-cultivated to measure their reporter activities. The mixed cells showed a significant increase in the CYP3A4 and ABCB1 reporter activities following treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3, ATRA, and 9-cis RA. These activity levels were maintained after passaging more than 20 times and following multiple freeze-thaw cycles. These results demonstrate that our established cell lines can be used to evaluate simultaneously CYP3A4 and ABCB1 induction in the intestines, providing a valuable in vitro model for the evaluation of future drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Inami
- Department of Environmental and Health Science, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Sekimoto M, Sano S, Hosaka T, Nemoto K, Degawa M. Establishment of a Stable Human Cell Line, HPL-A3, for Use in Reporter Gene Assays of Cytochrome P450 3A Inducers. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:677-85. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Sekimoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Shinsuke Sano
- Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Masakuni Degawa
- Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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8
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Kumagai T, Suzuki H, Sasaki T, Sakaguchi S, Miyairi S, Yamazoe Y, Nagata K. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activate CYP3A4 gene transcription through human pregnane X receptor. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 27:200-6. [PMID: 22076448 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activators have been shown to induce members of the cytochrome P450 (P450) 1 family. Here we demonstrate that the AhR activators induce CYP3A4 through human pregnane X receptor (PXR). AhR activators, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increased CYP3A4 reporter activity and CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. The CYP3A4 reporter activity was also increased by treatment with cigarette tar. The increased CYP3A4 reporter activity was clearly knocked down by the introduction of human PXR-small interfering RNA, but not by that of human AhR-small interfering RNA. The CYP3A4 reporter activity enhanced by overexpression of human PXR was further increased by treatment with PAHs and TCDD as well as by treatment with rifampicin. These results suggest that PAHs contained in cigarette smoke induce CYP3A4 in human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kumagai
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai.
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9
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Kanno Y, Inouye Y. A consecutive three alanine residue insertion mutant of human CAR: a novel CAR ligand screening system in HepG2 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:515-25. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Toriyabe T, Nagata K, Takada T, Aratsu Y, Matsubara T, Yoshinari K, Yamazoe Y. Unveiling a new essential cis element for the transactivation of the CYP3A4 gene by xenobiotics. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 75:677-84. [PMID: 19074998 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been shown to form a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and to bind to the distal nuclear receptor-binding element 1 and an everted repeat separated by six nucleotides in the proximal promoter of the CYP3A4 gene. In the present study, a new rifampicin-responsive region, located at -7.6 kilobases upstream from the transcription initiation site, has been identified using reporter assays in HepG2 cells. This region contains a cluster of possible nuclear receptor-binding half-sites, AG(G/T)TCA-like sequence. Of these putative half-sites, we focused six half-sites and termed them alpha-eta half-sites. Introduction of a mutation into either an alpha or beta half-site of CYP3A4 reporter genes almost completely diminished the rifampicin-induced transcription. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, PXR/RXRalpha heterodimer bound to the direct repeat separated by four nucleotides (DR4) formed with alpha and beta half-sites. HepG2-based transactivation assays with the reporter gene constructs with or without mutations in the PXR binding element(s) demonstrated that this DR4 motif is essential for the transcriptional activation not only by rifampicin but also by various human PXR activators. In addition, reporter assays performed in human hepatocytes and mice with adenoviruses expressing luciferase derived from various CYP3A4 reporter genes and that expressing human PXR supported the results of experiments in HepG2 cells. These results suggest the obligatory role of the newly identified direct repeat separated by four nucleotides-type PXR binding element of the CYP3A4 gene for xenobiotic induction of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Toriyabe
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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11
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Harmsen S, Koster AS, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Meijerman I. Comparison of two immortalized human cell lines to study nuclear receptor-mediated CYP3A4 induction. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1166-71. [PMID: 18347084 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.017335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since CYP3A4 is responsible for the biotransformation of over 50% of all clinically used drugs, induction results in an increased clearance of many concomitantly administered drugs, thereby decreasing treatment efficacy or, in the case of prodrugs, lead to severe intoxications. CYP3A4 induction is regulated by the pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and vitamin D receptor. Since these nuclear receptors show large interspecies differences, accurate prediction of nuclear receptor-mediated CYP3A4 induction in humans requires the use of human systems. Because primary cultures of human hepatocytes or enterocytes have major drawbacks like poor availability and poor reproducibility, human cell lines are a good alternative. In this study, the widely used HepG2 cell line was compared with the LS180 cell line to serve as a model to study CYP3A4 induction. There was a clear difference between the cell lines with respect to CYP3A enzyme expression and induction. In LS180, CYP3A4 was expressed and was found to be induced by prototypical nuclear receptor agonists, whereas in HepG2, CYP3A4 was nonresponsive to treatment with rifampicin, CITCO [6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-3,4-dichlorobenzyl) oxime], or calcitriol. We subsequently evaluated whether these host-cell differences also have an effect on CYP3A4 reporter gene activity. We clearly show that there are differences in CYP3A4 reporter activity between the cell lines, and based on these results and those found on mRNA and protein level, we conclude that LS180 is a more suitable cell line to study CYP3A4 induction than the widely used HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harmsen
- Division of Biomedical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Kamiyama Y, Matsubara T, Yoshinari K, Nagata K, Kamimura H, Yamazoe Y. Role of human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human hepatocytes assessed by use of small interfering RNA. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:287-98. [PMID: 17827783 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) is an important transcription factor in hepatic gene expression. Here, we have investigated the role of HNF4alpha in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human hepatocytes using an adenovirus expressing human HNF4alpha-small interfering RNA (hHNF4alpha-siRNA). The hHNF4alpha-siRNA effectively reduced the mRNA and nuclear protein levels of hHNF4alpha in a concentration-dependent manner. The hHNF4alpha-siRNA also decreased the mRNA levels of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, SULT2A1, ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC2, OATP1B1 and OCT1, as well as those of PXR and CAR. To discern the role of these nuclear receptors, we co-infected hepatocytes with hHNF4alpha-siRNA and PXR- or CAR-expressing adenovirus. The hHNF4alpha-siRNA-induced reductions of the enzyme and transporter mRNA levels were not restored except CYP2B6 mRNA levels, which were returned to the control level by overexpressing CAR. Furthermore, although hHNF4alpha-siRNA did not significantly affect the fold-induction of CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 mRNA levels following treatment with CYP inducers, the levels in hHNF4alpha-suppressed cells fell significantly compared to the control. These results suggest that HNF4alpha plays a dominant role in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human hepatocytes, and that HNF4alpha expression levels is a possible determinant for inter-individual variations in the expression of these enzymes and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kamiyama
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Matsubara T, Noracharttiyapot W, Toriyabe T, Yoshinari K, Nagata K, Yamazoe Y. Assessment of Human Pregnane X Receptor Involvement in Pesticide-Mediated Activation of CYP3A4 Gene. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:728-33. [PMID: 17293382 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.013144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of foreign chemical inducibility on CYP3A4 is necessary to optimize drug therapies. The properties of chemicals such as pesticides, however, are not well investigated. In the present study, properties of various pesticides on human CYP3A4 induction have been tested using HepG2-derived cells stably expressing the CYP3A4 promoter/enhancer (3-1-10 cells) and the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) system. Among the examined pesticides, 13 pesticides were observed to activate the CYP3A4 gene. Surprisingly, pyributicarb was found to increase the CYP3A4 reporter activity at 0.1 to 1 microM more strongly than typical CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin. Expression of hPXR-siRNA clearly diminished the pyributicarb-stimulated CYP3A4 reporter activity in 3-1-10 cells and decreased the endogenous CYP3A4 mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. Pyributicarb caused enhancement of CYP3A4-derived reporter activity in mouse livers introduced with hPXR by adenovirus. These results indicate pyributicarb as a potent activator of CYP3A4 gene, suggesting the existence of pesticides leading to CYP3A4 induction in our environment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Insecticides/pharmacology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Pregnane X Receptor
- Pregnenolone Carbonitrile/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Matsubara
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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14
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Kojima K, Nagata K, Matsubara T, Yamazoe Y. Broad but Distinct Role of Pregnane X Receptor on the Expression of Individual Cytochrome P450s in Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:276-86. [PMID: 17827782 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have utilized a target selective human pregnane X receptor-siRNA (hPXR-siRNA)-adenovirus expression system to examine the contribution of hPXR on the gene regulation of drug-metabolizing P450s in human hepatocytes. Introduction of the hPXR-siRNA adenoviral vector reduced the level of PXR mRNA. After infection with Ad hPXR-siRNA, the basal and ligand-activated CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 mRNA levels were decreased significantly in dose-dependent manners, whereas CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 mRNA levels were moderately influenced after infection with Ad hPXR-siRNA. These data suggest the distinct PXR influences on the regulation of these genes. The expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 mRNA were not affected by the introduction of hPXR-siRNA, suggesting that PXR plays no functional role in the expression of either of these genes. This is the first report to compare simultaneously the relative contribution of hPXR on the expression of nine forms of P450 in primary cultured human hepatocytes. Mutual sharing among nuclear receptors of their binding cis-elements becomes clear now. Thus, the present method using the combination of adenovirus-mediated hPXR-siRNA expression and human hepatocytes may offer clear information on the relative role of nuclear receptors such as hPXR on the expression of drug metabolizing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kojima
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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Wahlstrom JL, Rock DA, Slatter JG, Wienkers LC. Advances in predicting CYP-mediated drug interactions in the drug discovery setting. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2006; 1:677-91. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.7.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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