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Bronsard J, Savary C, Massart J, Viel R, Moutaux L, Catheline D, Rioux V, Clement B, Corlu A, Fromenty B, Ferron PJ. 3D multi-cell-type liver organoids: A new model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for drug safety assessments. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105728. [PMID: 37951556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of in vitro models that recapitulate critical liver functions is essential for accurate assessments of drug toxicity. Although liver organoids can be used for drug discovery and toxicology, they are limited by (i) the lack of expression and activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and (ii) the difficulty of mimicking non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, which influences the expression of these enzymes) in vitro. Here, we generated three-dimensional multi-cell-type liver organoids (hereafter "HML organoids") from HepaRG cells, primary human macrophages, and hepatic-stellate-cell-derived LX-2 cells. We also developed an NAFLD model by culturing HML organoids for 9 days with a mixture of stearic and oleic acids. The exposed organoids showed typical features of steatosis and expressed fibrosis markers. We subsequently used HML and NAFLD-HML organoids to model drug-induced liver injury. By estimating the IC50 and benchmark doses, we were able to improve the in vitro detection of drugs likely to be toxic in fatty livers. Thus, HML and NAFLD-HML organoids exhibited most of the liver's functions and are relevant in vitro models of drug metabolism, drug toxicity, and adverse drug event in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bronsard
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - C Savary
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - J Massart
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - R Viel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, France-BioImaging (ANR-10-INBS-04), plateforme H2P2, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - L Moutaux
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - D Catheline
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - V Rioux
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - B Clement
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Corlu
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - B Fromenty
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - P J Ferron
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan UMR1317 (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Evaluating the hepatoprotective, ameliorative and antioxidant potentials of the crude aqueous leafy extracts of Mangifera indica plant against acute paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a mouse model. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO801. [PMID: 35909999 PMCID: PMC9327647 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a major public health issue of concern. It significantly affects the development of new pharmaceutical drugs and has led to the withdrawal of many promising pharmaceutical drugs from the pharmaceutical market. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective, ameliorative and antioxidant effects of the crude aqueous leafy extract of Mangifera indica plant and its different separating medium fractions against acute acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity in a mouse model. Methods & materials: Twelve different groups of six mice (three males and three females) were used for this study. Acetaminophen at a single lethal hepatotoxic dose of 3 g/kg was orally administered on the seventh day to the mice in groups 2 to 12 after their 6-day pretreatment duration for the induction of hepatotoxicity; and were then left for 24 hours before the collection of specimen samples were completed, while group 1 served as control. Results: The crude aqueous leafy extract of M. indica (125-250 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reversal of the lethal hepatotoxic effect of oral 3 g/kg dose of paracetamol. At the dose of 250 mg/kg, it significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the levels of hepatic enzymes markers (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) in the serum of treated animals. Also, the effects of the crude aqueous leafy extract were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.0001) more than that of its different separating medium fractional components. Conclusion: The findings from this study demonstrated that the crude aqueous leafy extract of M. indica possesses hepatoprotective effect, possibly mediated through the induction of antioxidant enzymes to prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress damage or most likely through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators which are being induced by the lethal hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol.
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Xenobiotic-Induced Aggravation of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031062. [PMID: 35162986 PMCID: PMC8834714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is often linked to obesity, encompasses a large spectrum of hepatic lesions, including simple fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Besides nutritional and genetic factors, different xenobiotics such as pharmaceuticals and environmental toxicants are suspected to aggravate MAFLD in obese individuals. More specifically, pre-existing fatty liver or steatohepatitis may worsen, or fatty liver may progress faster to steatohepatitis in treated patients, or exposed individuals. The mechanisms whereby xenobiotics can aggravate MAFLD are still poorly understood and are currently under deep investigations. Nevertheless, previous studies pointed to the role of different metabolic pathways and cellular events such as activation of de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, mostly associated with reactive oxygen species overproduction. This review presents the available data gathered with some prototypic compounds with a focus on corticosteroids and rosiglitazone for pharmaceuticals as well as bisphenol A and perfluorooctanoic acid for endocrine disruptors. Although not typically considered as a xenobiotic, ethanol is also discussed because its abuse has dire consequences on obese liver.
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Prysyazhnyuk V, Sydorchuk L, Sydorchuk R, Prysiazhniuk I, Bobkovych K, Buzdugan I, Dzuryak V, Prysyazhnyuk P. Glutathione-S-transferases genes-promising predictors of hepatic dysfunction. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:620-633. [PMID: 34239698 PMCID: PMC8239493 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i6.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly known genes involved in chronic diffuse liver diseases pathogenesis are genes that encodes the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), known as the second phase enzyme detoxification system that protects against endogenous oxidative stress and exogenous toxins, through catalisation of glutathione sulfuric groups conjugation and decontamination of lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products. The group of GST enzymes consists of cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Recently, eight classes of soluble cytoplasmic isoforms of GST enzymes are widely known: α-, ζ-, θ-, κ-, μ-, π-, σ-, and ω-. The GSTs gene family in the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee, online database recorded over 20 functional genes. The level of GSTs expression is considered to be a crucial factor in determining the sensitivity of cells to a broad spectrum of toxins. Nevertheless, human GSTs genes have multiple and frequent polymorphisms that include the complete absence of the GSTM1 or the GSTT1 gene. Current review supports the position that genetic polymorphism of GST genes is involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of different etiology and hepatocellular carcinoma. Certain GST allelic variants were proven to be associated with susceptibility to hepatological pathology, and correlations with the natural course of the diseases were subsequently postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Prysyazhnyuk
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Sydorchuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Sydorchuk
- Department of Surgery, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Prysiazhniuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invectious Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Bobkovych
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Inna Buzdugan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invectious Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Dzuryak
- Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Petro Prysyazhnyuk
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
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Brooks A, Liang X, Zhang Y, Zhao CX, Roberts MS, Wang H, Zhang L, Crawford DHG. Liver organoid as a 3D in vitro model for drug validation and toxicity assessment. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105608. [PMID: 33852961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen many advancements in the development of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models in pharmaceutical sciences and industry. Specifically, organoids present a self-organising, self-renewing and more physiologically relevant model than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Liver organoids have been developed from a variety of cell sources, including stem cells, cell lines and primary cells. They have potential for modelling patient-specific disease and establishing personalised therapeutic approaches. Additionally, liver organoids have been used to test drug efficacy and toxicity. Herein we summarise cell sources for generating liver organoids, the advantages and limitations of each cell type, as well as the application of the organoids in modelling liver diseases. We focus on the use of liver organoids as tools for drug validation and toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brooks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yonglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Haolu Wang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Darrell H G Crawford
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Mun SJ, Lee J, Chung KS, Son MY, Son MJ. Effect of Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids on CYP3A4-Mediated Metabolic Activation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010126. [PMID: 33440728 PMCID: PMC7827634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate prediction of the hepatotoxicity of new drug targets during nonclinical drug development is important to avoid postmarketing drug withdrawals and late-stage failures. We previously established long-term expandable and functional human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoids as an alternative source for primary human hepatocytes. However, PSC-derived organoids are known to present immature fetal characteristics. Here, we treated these liver organoids with microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to improve metabolic maturation based on microenvironmental changes in the liver during postnatal development. The effects of the three main SCFA components (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and their mixture on liver organoids were determined. Propionate (1 µM) significantly promoted the CYP3A4/CYP3A7 expression ratio, and acetate (1 µM), propionate (1 µM), and butyrate (1 µM) combination treatment, compared to no treatment (control), substantially increased CYP3A4 activity and albumin secretion, as well as gene expression. More importantly, mixed SCFA treatment accurately revealed troglitazone-induced hepatotoxicity, which was redeemed on a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole treatment. Overall, we determined, for the first time, that SCFA mixture treatment might contribute to the accurate evaluation of the CYP3A4-dependent drug toxicity by improving metabolic activation, including CYP3A4 expression, of liver organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseo Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
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Ozawa S, Miura T, Terashima J, Habano W, Ishida S. Recent Progress in Prediction Systems for Drug-induced Liver Injury Using in vitro Cell Culture. Drug Metab Lett 2020; 14:25-40. [PMID: 33267768 DOI: 10.2174/1872312814666201202112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to avoid drug-induced liver injury (DILI), in vitro assays, which enable the assessment of both metabolic activation and immune reaction processes that ultimately result in DILI, are needed. OBJECTIVE In this study, the recent progress in the application of in vitro assays using cell culture systems is reviewed for potential DILI-causing drugs/xenobiotics and a mechanistic study on DILI, as well as for the limitations of in vitro cell culture systems for DILI research. METHODS Information related to DILI was collected through a literature search of the PubMed database. RESULTS The initial biological event for the onset of DILI is the formation of cellular protein adducts after drugs have been metabolically activated by drug metabolizing enzymes. The damaged peptides derived from protein adducts lead to the activation of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and recognition by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which destroy hepatocytes through immunological reactions. Because DILI is a major cause of drug attrition and drug withdrawal, numerous in vitro systems consisting of hepatocytes and immune/inflammatory cells, or spheroids of human primary hepatocytes containing non-parenchymal cells have been developed. These cellular-based systems have identified DILIinducing drugs with approximately 50% sensitivity and 90% specificity. CONCLUSION Different co-culture systems consisting of human hepatocyte-derived cells and other immune/inflammatory cells have enabled the identification of DILI-causing drugs and of the actual mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba. Japan
| | - Toshitaka Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba. Japan
| | - Jun Terashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba. Japan
| | - Wataru Habano
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba. Japan
| | - Seiichi Ishida
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki. Japan
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Ito S, Kamimura H, Yamamoto Y, Chijiwa H, Okuzono T, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Human plasma concentration-time profiles of troglitazone and troglitazone sulfate simulated by in vivo experiments with chimeric mice with humanized livers and semi-physiological pharmacokinetic modeling. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:505-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 null genotype distribution among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and its association with cytokine and adipokine profiles. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:142-149. [PMID: 32728632 PMCID: PMC7380472 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.95678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Among the key genes involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are genes encoding the synthesis of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Material and methods Deletion polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was investigated in 104 NAFLD patients and 45 healthy individuals. Biochemical blood analysis, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10, leptin and adiponectin plasma levels were studied. Results The distribution of deletion vs. non-deletion genotypes of the GSTT1 gene in NAFLD patients was 18 (17.3%) vs. 86 (82.7%) patients and in healthy people it was 6 (13.3%) vs. 39 (86.7%) individuals. The genotype distribution of the GSTM1 gene was as follows: 52 (50.0%) NAFLD patients had null genotype vs. 52 patients (50.0%) with non-deletion genotype; in the control group - 23 (51.1%) vs. 22 (48.9%) individuals. Deletion of the GSTT1 gene in NAFLD patients was associated with twice as high (p = 0.01) TNF-α level in the blood as compared to patients with normal genotype. Higher concentration of leptin in blood by 37.1% (p = 0.04) was observed in patients with null genotype of the GSTM1 gene, as compared to those with normal genotype. Conclusions Deletion polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes distribution among NAFLD patients did not differ as compared to healthy individuals. Null-genotype GSTT1 gene carriers were characterized by higher TNF-α concentration and null-genotype GSTM1 gene carriers were characterized by elevated leptin level as compared to normal genotype carriers.
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Schulte R, Wohlleber D, Unrau L, Geers B, Metzger C, Erhardt A, Tiegs G, van Rooijen N, Heukamp LC, Klotz L, Knolle PA, Diehl L. Pioglitazone-Mediated Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation Aggravates Murine Immune-Mediated Hepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072523. [PMID: 32260486 PMCID: PMC7177299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates target gene expression upon ligand binding. Apart from its effects on metabolism, PPARγ activity can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by several immune cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages. In chronic inflammatory disease models, PPARγ activation delays the onset and ameliorates disease severity. Here, we investigated the effect of PPARγ activation by the agonist Pioglitazone on the function of hepatic immune cells and its effect in a murine model of immune-mediated hepatitis. Cytokine production by both liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (IL-6) and in T cells ex vivo (IFNγ) was decreased in cells from Pioglitazone-treated mice. However, PPARγ activation did not decrease pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα production by Kupffer cells after Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation ex vivo. Most interestingly, although PPARγ activation was shown to ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases, it did not improve hepatic injury in a model of immune-mediated hepatitis. In contrast, Pioglitazone-induced PPARγ activation exacerbated D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatitis associated with an increased production of TNFα by Kupffer cells and increased sensitivity of hepatocytes towards TNFα after in vivo Pioglitazone administration. These results unravel liver-specific effects of Pioglitazone that fail to attenuate liver inflammation but rather exacerbate liver injury in an experimental hepatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rike Schulte
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; (R.S.); (D.W.); (C.M.); (L.K.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; (R.S.); (D.W.); (C.M.); (L.K.); (P.A.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Unrau
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.U.); (B.G); (A.E.); (G.T.)
| | - Bernd Geers
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.U.); (B.G); (A.E.); (G.T.)
| | - Christina Metzger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; (R.S.); (D.W.); (C.M.); (L.K.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Annette Erhardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.U.); (B.G); (A.E.); (G.T.)
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.U.); (B.G); (A.E.); (G.T.)
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Luisa Klotz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; (R.S.); (D.W.); (C.M.); (L.K.); (P.A.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Percy A. Knolle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; (R.S.); (D.W.); (C.M.); (L.K.); (P.A.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; (R.S.); (D.W.); (C.M.); (L.K.); (P.A.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.U.); (B.G); (A.E.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Fromenty B. Inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in drug-induced hepatic steatosis. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Jia R, Oda S, Tsuneyama K, Urano Y, Yokoi T. Establishment of a mouse model of troglitazone-induced liver injury and analysis of its hepatotoxic mechanism. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1541-1556. [PMID: 31294483 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is a major problem in drug development and clinical drug therapy. Troglitazone (TGZ), a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, was found to induce rare idiosyncratic severe liver injury in patients, which led to its withdrawal in 2000. However, in normal experimental animals in vivo TGZ has never induced liver injury. To explore TGZ hepatotoxic mechanism, we established a novel mouse model of TGZ-induced liver injury. Administration of BALB/c female mice with a single intraperitoneal TGZ dose (300 mg/kg) significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels 6 hours after the treatment. The ratio of oxidative stress marker glutathione/disulfide glutathione was significantly decreased. The increased hepatic mRNA levels of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related factors were observed in TGZ-treated mice. Subsequently, hepatic transcriptome profiles of TGZ-exposed liver were compared with those of non-hepatotoxic rosiglitazone. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was activated in TGZ-induced liver injury. The activation of the JAK/STAT pathway promoted phosphorylation of STAT3 in TGZ-treated mice. Consequently, upregulation of STAT3 activation increased mRNA levels of its downstream genes. In conclusion, a single intraperitoneal dose of TGZ exposure could induce liver injury in BALB/c female mice and, by a hepatic transcriptomic analysis, we found that the activation of JAK/STAT pathway might be related to TGZ-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Urano
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Allard J, Le Guillou D, Begriche K, Fromenty B. Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 85:75-107. [PMID: 31307592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), a benign condition characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. However, NAFL can progress in some patients to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and then to severe liver lesions including extensive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entire spectrum of these hepatic lesions is referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The transition of simple fatty liver to NASH seems to be favored by several genetic and environmental factors. Different experimental and clinical investigations showed or suggested that obesity and NAFLD are able to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity of different drugs. Some of these drugs may cause more severe and/or more frequent acute liver injury in obese individuals whereas others may trigger the transition of simple fatty liver to NASH or may worsen hepatic lipid accumulation, necroinflammation and fibrosis. This review presents the available information regarding drugs that may cause a specific risk in the context of obesity and NAFLD. These drugs, which belong to different pharmacological classes, include acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which may explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases, there is an urgent need to identify the main pharmaceuticals that may cause acute liver injury on a fatty liver background or that may enhance the risk of severe chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Allard
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.
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Lee H, Lee S, Kang JW, Lee JD. Liver enzyme abnormalities of inpatients with rheumatic diseases: A 10-year retrospective study in a Korean medicine hospital. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1784-1794. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonhoon Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine; Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital; 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine; Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital; 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Kang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine; Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital; 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Dong Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine; Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital; 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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Weng JR, Bai LY, Lin WY. Identification of a Triterpenoid as a Novel PPARγ Activator Derived from Formosan Plants. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1722-1730. [PMID: 28856793 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), one of the transcription factors that regulate lipid metabolism and energy use in tumor cells, is a viable target for cancer therapy. In our search for potential PPARγ activator, extracts from five Formosan plants were tested. Among them, Momordica charantia L. showed the highest ability to activate PPARγ, which led us to identify its potential constituents. Among the seven compounds isolated from M. charantia, a triterpenoid, 5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3β,25-diol (compound 1), was identified as a PPARγ activator with an IC50 of 10 μM in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that compound 1 induced G1 cell cycle arrest which might be attributable to the modulation of phosphorylation and expression of numerous key signaling effectors, including cyclin D1, CDK6, and p53. Notably, compound 1 downregulated the expression of histone deacetylase 1, leading to increased histone H3 acetylation. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 1 may have therapeutic applications in cancer treatment through PPARγ activation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinmen Hospital, Kinmen, 89142, Taiwan
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Rajapaksha H, Bhatia H, Wegener K, Petrovsky N, Bruning JB. X-ray crystal structure of rivoglitazone bound to PPARγ and PPAR subtype selectivity of TZDs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1981-1991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Massart J, Begriche K, Moreau C, Fromenty B. Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. J Clin Transl Res 2017; 3:212-232. [PMID: 28691103 PMCID: PMC5500243 DOI: 10.18053/jctres.03.2017s1.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is often associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which refers to a large spectrum of hepatic lesions including fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Different investigations showed or suggested that obesity and NAFLD are able to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity of different drugs. Some of these drugs could induce more frequently an acute hepatitis in obese individuals whereas others could worsen pre-existing NAFLD. AIM The main objective of the present review was to collect the available information regarding the role of NAFLD as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, we performed a data-mining analysis using different queries including drug-induced liver injury (or DILI), drug-induced hepatotoxicity, fatty liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (or NAFLD), steatosis and obesity. The main data from the collected articles are reported in this review and when available, some pathophysiological hypotheses are put forward. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Drugs that could pose a potential risk in obese patients include compounds belonging to different pharmacological classes such as acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone, stavudine and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations in obese rodents confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which could explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Other drugs such as pentoxifylline, phenobarbital and omeprazole might also pose a risk but more investigations are required to determine whether this risk is significant or not. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, it is urgent to identify the main pharmaceuticals that can cause acute hepatitis on a fatty liver background or induce NAFLD worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Caroline Moreau
- INSERM, U991, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Abstract
Animal experiments cannot predict the probability of idiosyncratic drug toxicity; consequently, an important goal of the pharmaceutical industry is to develop a new methodology for preventing this form of drug reaction. Although the mechanism remains unclear, immune reactions are likely involved in the toxic processes underlying idiosyncratic drug toxicity: the drug is first activated into a chemically reactive metabolite that binds covalently to proteins and then acts as an immunogen. Therefore, screening tests to detect chemically reactive metabolites are conducted early during drug development and typically involve trapping with glutathione. More quantitative methods are then used in a later stage of drug development and frequently employ (14)Cor (3)H-labeled compounds. It has recently been demonstrated that a zone classification system can be used to separate risky drugs from likely safe drugs: by plotting the amount of each protein-bound reactive metabolite in vitro against the dose levels in vivo, the risk associated with each drug candidate can be assessed. A mechanism for idiosyncratic drug-induced hepatotoxicity was proposed by analogy to virus-induced hepatitis, in which cytotoxic T lymphocytes play an important role. This mechanism suggests that polymorphism in human leukocyte antigens is involved in idiosyncrasy, and a strong correlation with a specific genotype of human leukocyte antigens has been found in many cases of idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Therefore, gene biomarkers hold promise for reducing the clinical risk and prolonging the life cycle of otherwise useful drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Yokohama College of Pharmacy
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Kamimura H, Ito S. Assessment of chimeric mice with humanized livers in new drug development: generation of pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicity data for selecting the final candidate compound. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:557-69. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1091113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Review of the Structural and Dynamic Mechanisms of PPARγ Partial Agonism. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:816856. [PMID: 26435709 PMCID: PMC4578752 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) is a ligand activated transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily that controls the expression of a variety of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, adipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. While endogenous ligands of PPARγ include fatty acids and eicosanoids, synthetic full agonists of the receptor, including members of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, have been widely prescribed for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unfortunately, the use of full agonists has been hampered by harsh side effects with some removed from the market in many countries. In contrast, partial agonists of PPARγ have been shown to retain favourable insulin sensitizing effects while exhibiting little to no side effects and thus represent a new potential class of therapeutics for the treatment of T2DM. Partial agonists have been found to not only display differences in transcriptional and cellular outcomes, but also act through distinct structural and dynamic mechanisms within the ligand binding cavity compared to full agonists.
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Della-Morte D, Palmirotta R, Rehni AK, Pastore D, Capuani B, Pacifici F, De Marchis ML, Dave KR, Bellia A, Fogliame G, Ferroni P, Donadel G, Cacciatore F, Abete P, Dong C, Pileggi A, Roselli M, Ricordi C, Sbraccia P, Guadagni F, Rundek T, Lauro D. Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics of thiazolidinediones: role in diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:2063-82. [PMID: 25521362 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important goal in the treatment of patients with diabetes is to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the first cause of mortality in these subjects. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of antidiabetic drugs, act as insulin sensitizers increasing insulin-dependent glucose disposal and reducing hepatic glucose output. TZDs including pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone, by activating PPAR-γ have shown pleiotropic effects in reducing vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. However, troglitazone was removed from the market due to its hepatoxicity, and rosiglitazone and pioglitazone both have particular warnings due to being associated with heart diseases. Specific genetic variations in genes involved in the pathways regulated by TDZs have demonstrated to modify the variability in treatment with these drugs, especially in their side effects. Therefore, pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics are an important tool in further understand intersubject variability per se but also to assess the therapeutic potential of such variability in drug individualization and therapeutic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Kaniwa N, Saito Y. Pharmacogenomics of severe cutaneous adverse reactions and drug-induced liver injury. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:317-26. [PMID: 23635947 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rare but severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important issue in drug development and in the proper usage of drugs during the post-approval phase. The ability to predict patient susceptibility to severe ADRs would prevent drug administration to high-risk patients. This would save lives and ensure the quality of life for these patients, but occurrence of idiosyncratic severe ADRs had been very difficult to predict for a long time. However, in this decade, genetic markers have been found for several ADRs, especially for severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this review, we summarize recent progress in identifying genetic markers for SCARS and DILI, and discuss issues that remain unresolved. As for SCARs, associations of HLA-B*15:02 or HLA-A*31:01 and HLA-B*58:01 have been revealed for carbamazepine- and allopurinol-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal neclolysis, respectively. HLA-B*57:01 is strongly associated with abacavir-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Several HLA alleles also demonstrate drug-specific associations with DILI, such as HLA-A*33:03 for ticlopidine, HLA-B*57:01 for flucloxacillin and HLA-DQA1*02:01 for lapatinib. Efforts should be continued to find other genetic markers to achieve high predictability for ADRs, with the goal being development of genetic tests for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kaniwa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Drug-Induced Liver Injury Throughout the Drug Development Life Cycle: Where We Have Been, Where We are Now, and Where We are Headed. Perspectives of a Clinical Hepatologist. Pharmaceut Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40290-013-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Arakawa S. Utilization ofglutathione S-transferase Mu 1- andTheta 1-null mice as animal models for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:725-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.780027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Palm CA, Feldman EC. Oral Hypoglycemics in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013; 43:407-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arakawa S, Fujimoto K, Kato A, Endo S, Fukahori A, Shinagawa A, Fischer T, Mueller J, Takasaki W. Evaluation of hepatic glutathione transferase Mu 1 and Theta 1 activities in humans and mice using genotype information. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:497-503. [PMID: 22170331 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of glutathione transferases Mu 1 (GSTM1)- and glutathione transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1)-null genotypes on hepatic GST activities in humans and compared the results with those of Gstm1- and Gstt1-null mice. In liver with GSTM1/Gstm1-null genotype, GST activity toward p-nitrobenzyl chloride (NBC) was significantly decreased in both humans and mice. In addition, in liver with GSTT1/Gstt1-null genotype, GST activity toward dichloromethane (DCM) was significantly decreased in both humans and mice. Therefore, null genotypes of GSTM1/Gstm1 and GSTT1/Gstt1 are considered to decrease hepatic GST activities toward NBC and DCM, respectively, in both humans and mice. This observation shows the functional similarity between humans and mice for GSTM1 and GSTT1 toward some substrates. In the case of NBC and DCM, Gst-null mice would be relevant models for humans with GST-null genotype. In addition, decreases in GST activities toward 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, and 1-chloro-2,4,-dinitrobenzene were observed in Gstm1-null mice, and a decrease in GST activity toward 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane was observed in Gstt1-null mice. However, an impact of GST-null genotypes on GST activities toward these substrates was not observed in humans. In the case of these mouse-specific substrates, Gst-null mice may be relevant models for humans regardless of GST genotype, because GST activities, which are higher in wild-type mice than in humans, were eliminated in Gst-null mice. This study shows that comparison of hepatic GST activities between humans and mice using genotype information would be valuable in using Gst-null mice as human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Arakawa
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 717 Horikoshi, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-0065, Japan.
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