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Mejdrová I, Dušek J, Škach K, Stefela A, Skoda J, Chalupský K, Dohnalová K, Pavkova I, Kronenberger T, Rashidian A, Smutná L, Duchoslav V, Smutny T, Pávek P, Nencka R. Discovery of Novel Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor Agonists with the Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine Structure. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2422-2456. [PMID: 36756805 PMCID: PMC10017030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) plays significant roles in many hepatic functions, such as fatty acid oxidation, biotransformation, liver regeneration, as well as clearance of steroid hormones, cholesterol, and bilirubin. CAR has been proposed as a hypothetical target receptor for metabolic or liver disease therapy. Currently known prototype high-affinity human CAR agonists such as CITCO (6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime) have limited selectivity, activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR) receptor, a related receptor of the NR1I subfamily. We have discovered several derivatives of 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine that directly activate human CAR in nanomolar concentrations. While compound 39 regulates CAR target genes in humanized CAR mice as well as human hepatocytes, it does not activate other nuclear receptors and is nontoxic in cellular and genotoxic assays as well as in rodent toxicity studies. Our findings concerning potent human CAR agonists with in vivo activity reinforce the role of CAR as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mejdrová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Škach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Stefela
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Czech
Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular
Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Dohnalová
- Czech
Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular
Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- 1st
Medical Faculty, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 112 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Pavkova
- Faculty
of Military Health Sciences, University
of Defense, Trebeska
1575, 500 01 Hradec
Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department
of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Azam Rashidian
- Department
of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucie Smutná
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Duchoslav
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Sato T, Shizu R, Miura Y, Hosaka T, Kanno Y, Sasaki T, Yoshinari K. Development of a strategy to identify and evaluate direct and indirect activators of constitutive androstane receptor in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Honkakoski P. Searching for CAR modulators. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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4
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Kato H. Computational prediction of cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 35:30-44. [PMID: 31902468 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the phase I metabolism of many xenobiotics. Most drug-drug interactions (DDIs) associated with CYP are caused by either CYP inhibition or induction. The early detection of potential DDIs is highly desirable in the pharmaceutical industry because DDIs can cause serious adverse events, which can lead to poor patient health and drug development failures. Recently, many computational studies predicting CYP inhibition and induction have been reported. The current computational modeling approaches for CYP metabolism are classified as ligand- and structure-based; various techniques, such as quantitative structure-activity relationships, machine learning, docking, and molecular dynamic simulation, are involved in both the approaches. Recently, combining these two approaches have resulted in improvements in the prediction accuracy of DDIs. In this review, we present important, recent developments in the computational prediction of the inhibition of four clinically crucial CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4) and three nuclear receptors (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and pregnane X receptor) involved in the induction of CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutoshi Kato
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Aoba-ku, Yokohama-shi, 227-0033, Japan.
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5
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Abe T, Amaike Y, Shizu R, Takahashi M, Kano M, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Kodama S, Matsuzawa A, Yoshinari K. Role of YAP Activation in Nuclear Receptor CAR-Mediated Proliferation of Mouse Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:408-419. [PMID: 29893953 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a xenobiotic-responsive nuclear receptor that is highly expressed in the liver. CAR activation induces hepatocyte proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of CAR-dependent cell proliferation with Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is a transcriptional cofactor controlling organ size and cell growth through the interaction with various transcriptional factors including TEA domain family member (TEAD). In mouse livers, 1,4-bis-(2-[3,5-dichloropyridyloxy])benzene (TCPOBOP) (a mouse CAR [mCAR] activator) treatment increased the nuclear YAP accumulation and mRNA levels of YAP target genes as well as cell-cycle related genes along with liver hypertrophy and verteporfin (an inhibitor of YAP/TEAD interaction) cotreatment tended to attenuate them. Furthermore, in cell-based reporter gene assays, CAR activation enhanced the YAP/TEAD-dependent transcription. To investigate the role of YAP/TEAD activation in the CAR-dependent hepatocyte proliferation, we sought to establish an in vitro system completely reproducing CAR-dependent cell proliferation. Since CAR was only slightly expressed in cultured mouse primary hepatocytes compared with mouse livers and no proliferation was observed after treatment with TCPOBOP, we overexpressed CAR using mCAR expressing adenovirus (Ad-mCAR-V5) in mouse primary hepatocytes. Ad-mCAR-V5 infection and TCPOBOP treatment induced hepatocyte proliferation. Similar results were obtained with immortalized normal mouse hepatocytes as well. In the established in vitro system, CAR-dependent proliferation was strongly inhibited by Yap knockdown and completely abolished by verteporfin treatment. Our present results obtained in in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that YAP/TEAD activation plays key roles in CAR-dependent proliferation of murine hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Abe
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuto Amaike
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Shizu
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Miki Takahashi
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Makoto Kano
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Susumu Kodama
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Mackowiak B, Li L, Lynch C, Ziman A, Heyward S, Xia M, Wang H. High-content analysis of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) translocation identifies mosapride citrate as a CAR agonist that represses gluconeogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:224-236. [PMID: 31306645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) plays an important role in hepatic drug metabolism and detoxification but has recently been projected as a potential drug target for metabolic disorders due to its repression of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Thus, identification of physiologically-relevant CAR modulators has garnered significant interest. Here, we adapted the previously characterized human CAR (hCAR) nuclear translocation assay in human primary hepatocytes (HPH) to a high-content format and screened an FDA-approved drug library containing 978 compounds. Comparison of hCAR nuclear translocation results with the Tox21 hCAR luciferase reporter assay database in 643 shared compounds revealed significant overlap between these two assays, with approximately half of hCAR agonists also mediating nuclear translocation. Further validation of these compounds in HPH and/or using published data from literature demonstrated that hCAR translocation exhibits a higher correlation with the induction of hCAR target genes, such as CYP2B6, than the luciferase assay. In addition, some CAR antagonists which repress CYP2B6 mRNA expression in HPH, such as sorafenib, rimonabant, and CINPA1, were found to translocate hCAR to the nucleus of HPH. Notably, both the translocation assay and the luciferase assay identified mosapride citrate (MOS), a gastroprokinetic agent that is known to reduce fasting blood glucose levels in humans, as a novel hCAR activator. Further studies with MOS in HPH uncovered that MOS can repress the expression of gluconeogenic genes and decrease glucose output from hepatocytes, providing a previously unidentified liver-specific mechanism by which MOS modulates blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Caitlin Lynch
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andrew Ziman
- Nikon Instruments Inc., 1300 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, NY 11747, United States
| | - Scott Heyward
- Bioreclamation In Vitro Technologies, 1450 S Rolling Rd, Halethorpe, MD 21227, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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7
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Profiling of bisphenol A and eight its analogues on transcriptional activity via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 2018; 413:48-55. [PMID: 30582956 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several bisphenol A (BPA) analogues have been detected in environmental samples, foodstuffs, and/or human biological samples, and there is concern regarding their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. In this study, we characterized the agonistic and/or antagonistic activities of BPA and eight its analogues against human estrogen receptors (ERα/β), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). All the test compounds, except for bisphenol P (BPP), showed both ERα and ERβ agonistic activities, with bisphenol AF (BPAF) being the most potent. On the other hand, BPAF and BPP showed ERα and ERβ antagonistic activities. Interestingly, their ER activities demonstrated a preference toward ERβ. All the test compounds, except for bisphenol S, showed AR antagonistic activities, with bisphenol E being the most potent. Weak GR antagonistic activities were also found in BPA and five its analogues. PXR agonistic activity was observed in the six compounds, with bisphenol Z being the most potent. Results of the CAR assay revealed that BPA and five its analogues acted as CAR inverse agonists. Taken together, these results suggested that BPA analogues demonstrate multiple effects via human nuclear receptors in a similar manner to BPA, and several analogues might have more potent endocrine-disrupting activity than does BPA.
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8
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NTP Research Report on Biological Activity of Bisphenol A (BPA) Structural Analogues and Functional Alternatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.22427/ntp-rr-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Kato H, Yamaotsu N, Iwazaki N, Okamura S, Kume T, Hirono S. Precise prediction of activators for the human constitutive androstane receptor using structure-based three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship methods. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 32:179-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Fujino C, Tamura Y, Tange S, Nakajima H, Sanoh S, Watanabe Y, Uramaru N, Kojima H, Yoshinari K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Metabolism of methiocarb and carbaryl by rat and human livers and plasma, and effect on their PXR, CAR and PPARα activities. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:677-91. [PMID: 27665777 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic metabolism of methiocarb and the hydrolytic metabolism of carbaryl by liver microsomes and plasma of rats or humans were examined. The effects of the metabolism of methiocarb and carbaryl on their nuclear receptor activities were also examined. When methiocarb was incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, methiocarb sulfoxide, and a novel metabolite, methiocarb sulfone were detected. Methiocarb sulfoxide was oxidized to the sulfone by liver microsomes and reduced back to methiocarb by liver cytosol. Thus, the interconversion between methiocarb and the sulfoxide was found to be a new metabolic pathway for methiocarb by liver microsomes. The product of methiocarb hydrolysis, which is methylthio-3,5-xylenol (MX), was also oxidized to sulfoxide form by rat liver microsomes. The oxidations were catalyzed by human flavin-containing monooxygenase isoform (FMO1). CYP2C19, which is a human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform, catalyzed the sulfoxidations of methiocarb and MX, while CYP1A2 also exhibited oxidase activity toward MX. Methiocarb and carbaryl were not enzymatically hydrolyzed by the liver microsomes, but they were mainly hydrolyzed by plasma and albumin to MX and 1-naphthol, respectively. Both methiocarb and carbaryl exhibited PXR and PPARα agonistic activities; however, methiocarb sulfoxide and sulfone showed markedly reduced activities. In fact, when methiocarb was incubated with liver microsomes, the receptor activities were decreased. In contrast, MX and 1-naphthol showed nuclear receptor activities equivalent to those of their parent carbamates. Thus, the hydrolysis of methiocarb and carbaryl and the oxidation of methiocarb markedly modified their nuclear receptor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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11
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Lee K, You H, Choi J, No KT. Development of pharmacophore-based classification model for activators of constitutive androstane receptor. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 32:172-178. [PMID: 28366619 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is predominantly expressed in the liver and is important for regulating drug metabolism and transport. Despite its biological importance, there have been few attempts to develop in silico models to predict the activity of CAR modulated by chemical compounds. The number of in silico studies of CAR may be limited because of CAR's constitutive activity under normal conditions, which makes it difficult to elucidate the key structural features of the interaction between CAR and its ligands. In this study, to address these limitations, we introduced 3D pharmacophore-based descriptors with an integrated ligand and structure-based pharmacophore features, which represent the receptor-ligand interaction. Machine learning methods (support vector machine and artificial neural network) were applied to develop an in silico model with the descriptors containing significant information regarding the ligand binding positions. The best classification model built with a solvent accessibility volume-based filter and the support vector machine showed good predictabilities of 87%, and 85.4% for the training set and validation set, respectively. This demonstrates that our model can be used to accurately predict CAR activators and offers structural information regarding ligand/protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungro Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hwan You
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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12
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Abe T, Takahashi M, Kano M, Amaike Y, Ishii C, Maeda K, Kudoh Y, Morishita T, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Kodama S, Matsuzawa A, Kojima H, Yoshinari K. Activation of nuclear receptor CAR by an environmental pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2365-2374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Nagai M, Konno Y, Satsukawa M, Yamashita S, Yoshinari K. Establishment of In Silico Prediction Models for CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 Induction in Human Hepatocytes by Multiple Regression Analysis Using Azole Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1390-8. [PMID: 27208383 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) via cytochrome P450 (P450) induction are one clinical problem leading to increased risk of adverse effects and the need for dosage adjustments and additional therapeutic monitoring. In silico models for predicting P450 induction are useful for avoiding DDI risk. In this study, we have established regression models for CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 induction in human hepatocytes using several physicochemical parameters for a set of azole compounds with different P450 induction as characteristics as model compounds. To obtain a well-correlated regression model, the compounds for CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 induction were independently selected from the tested azole compounds using principal component analysis with fold-induction data. Both of the multiple linear regression models obtained for CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 induction are represented by different sets of physicochemical parameters. The adjusted coefficients of determination for these models were of 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. The fold-induction of the validation compounds, another set of 12 azole-containing compounds, were predicted within twofold limits for both CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. The concordance for the prediction of CYP3A4 induction was 87% with another validation set, 23 marketed drugs. However, the prediction of CYP2B6 induction tended to be overestimated for these marketed drugs. The regression models show that lipophilicity mostly contributes to CYP3A4 induction, whereas not only the lipophilicity but also the molecular polarity is important for CYP2B6 induction. Our regression models, especially that for CYP3A4 induction, might provide useful methods to avoid potent CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 inducers during the lead optimization stage without performing induction assays in human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nagai
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Kyoto, Japan (M.N., Y.K., M.S.); Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (M.N., K.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan (S.Y.)
| | - Yoshihiro Konno
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Kyoto, Japan (M.N., Y.K., M.S.); Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (M.N., K.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan (S.Y.)
| | - Masahiro Satsukawa
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Kyoto, Japan (M.N., Y.K., M.S.); Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (M.N., K.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan (S.Y.)
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Kyoto, Japan (M.N., Y.K., M.S.); Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (M.N., K.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan (S.Y.)
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Kyoto, Japan (M.N., Y.K., M.S.); Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (M.N., K.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan (S.Y.)
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14
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Kobayashi K, Hashimoto M, Honkakoski P, Negishi M. Regulation of gene expression by CAR: an update. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1045-55. [PMID: 25975989 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a well-known xenosensor that regulates hepatic drug metabolism and detoxification. CAR activation can be elicited by a large variety of xenobiotics, including phenobarbital (PB) which is not a directly binding CAR ligand. The mechanism of CAR activation is complex and involves translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, followed by further activation steps in the nucleus. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a PB-responsive receptor, and PB activates CAR by inhibiting the EGFR signaling. In addition to regulation of drug metabolism, activation of CAR has multiple biological end points such as modulation of xenobiotic-elicited liver injury, and the role of CAR in endobiotic functions such as glucose metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis is increasingly recognized. Thus, investigations on the molecular mechanism of CAR activation are critical for the real understanding of CAR-mediated processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which CAR activators regulate gene expression through cellular signaling pathways and the roles of CAR on xenobiotic-elicited hepatocellular carcinoma, liver injury, glucose metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
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15
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An update on the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:79-93. [DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2013-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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