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Manamela MG, Choung ME. Public healthcare disparities in Africa: the food production systems and its dichotomy in a South African context. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:75. [PMID: 38824573 PMCID: PMC11144340 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the major concerns of development in Africa is the issue of public health. In Africa, public healthcare has been and still is a problem most African countries are faced with. The problem of public healthcare seems to be unabated even though there are measures that are put in place for its effectiveness. There is hunger, malnutrition, high mortality rate, illnesses and deterioration of life expectancy in most developing countries of Africa. The dramatic unprecedented public health disparity has become a scourge in developing countries where it has purportedly impaired the developmental efforts, economic growth and prosperity. As a result, there is a need to scrutinize possible causes that exacerbates public health issues in developing countries. The paper argues that the current food production system (conventional) contributes to current status of public health as compared to the previous food production system (organic). The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize public healthcare disparities, juxtaposing organic and conventional food production that result as human food consumption. The paper employs literature-based analysis as a methodology to assemble data in respect of public healthcare disparities and food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Manamela
- Department of Development Studies, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M E Choung
- Department Communication, Media and Information Studies, School of Languages and Communications, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.
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2
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Chang F, Zhang H, Zhao N, Zhao P, Song J, Yu R, Kan Z, Wang X, Wang J, Liu H, Han D, Wen X, Li Y. Green manure removal with reduced nitrogen improves saline-alkali soil organic carbon storage in a wheat-green manure cropping system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171827. [PMID: 38513860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of green manure into cropping systems is a potential strategy for sequestering soil carbon (C), especially in saline-alkali soil. Yet, there are still unknown about the substitution impacts of green manure on nitrogen (N) fertilizer in wheat-green manure multiple cropping system. Herein, a five-year field experiment was performed to determine the impact of three levels of N fertilizer inputs [i.e., N fertilizer reduced by 0 % (100N), 10 % (90 N), and 20 % (80 N)] with aboveground biomass of green manure removal (0GM) and return (100GM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and its primary determinants. The results demonstrated that no significant interaction on SOC storage was detected between green manure and N fertilizer management. 80 N enhanced SOC storage in bulk soil by 7.4 and 13.2 % in 0-20 cm soil depth relative to 100 N and 90 N (p < 0.05). Regardless of N fertilizer levels, compared with 100GM, 0GM increased SOC storage in bulk soil by 14.2-34.6 % in 0-40 cm soil depth (p < 0.05). This was explained by an increase in soil macro-aggregates (>2 and 0.25-2 mm) proportion contributing to SOC physical protection. Meanwhile, the improvement of SOC storage under 0GM was due to the decrease of soil C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities, and microbial resource limitation. Alternatively, the variation partitioning analyses (VPA) results further suggested that C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities, as well as microbial resource limitation were the most important factors for SOC storage. The findings highlighted those biological factors played a dominant role in SOC accumulation compared to physical factors. The aboveground biomass of green manure removal with N fertilizer reduced by 20 % is a viable option to enhance SOC storage in a wheat-green manure multiple cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdi Chang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Linhe 015000, PR China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, PR China
| | - Jiashen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Kan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hanjiang Liu
- Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Linhe 015000, PR China
| | - Dongxun Han
- Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Linhe 015000, PR China
| | - Xinya Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Weisser M, Mattner SW, Southam-Rogers L, Hepworth G, Arioli T. Effect of a Fortified Biostimulant Extract on Tomato Plant Productivity, Physiology, and Growing Media Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 38202312 PMCID: PMC10780822 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of sustainable and productive agriculture demands the exploration of innovative approaches to improve plant productivity and soil health. The utilization of natural agricultural biostimulants, such as extracts from seaweed, fish, and humus, has gained prominence as an ecological strategy to achieve this goal. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of a fortified biostimulant extract (FBE), composed of extracts from seaweed, fish, and humus, on tomato plant physiology, productivity, and growing media properties, and estimated carbon emissions associated with tomato production. The FBE was applied to the growing media of tomato plants produced in a greenhouse, in experiments over two growing seasons. The productivity assessments demonstrated that the application of FBE significantly increased tomato fruit yield by 20% and relative marketable fruit yield by 27%, and reduced estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with production by 29%. FBE treatment improved plant shoot and root biomass, accelerated flower and fruit set initiation, and increased chlorophyll content in leaves, resulting in enhanced plant physiology and advanced development. FBE treatment positively influenced the availability of crucial nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron in the growing media. FBE promoted the growth of total active microbes in the growing media, particularly the fungal population, which plays an important role in nutrient cycling and health. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of the FBE due to enhanced plant productivity and growth, improved fertility, the promotion of beneficial plant and growing media interactions, and the reduction in estimated GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott William Mattner
- VSICA (Victorian Strawberry Industry Certification Authority) Research, Toolangi, VIC 3777, Australia;
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | | | - Graham Hepworth
- Statistical Consulting Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Tony Arioli
- Seasol R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC 3155, Australia;
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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4
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Fortunato S, Nigro D, Lasorella C, Marcotuli I, Gadaleta A, de Pinto MC. The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1771. [PMID: 38136642 PMCID: PMC10742212 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are the most broadly produced crops and represent the primary source of food worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is a critical mineral nutrient for plant growth and high yield, and the quality of cereal crops greatly depends on a suitable N supply. In the last decades, a massive use of N fertilizers has been achieved in the desire to have high yields of cereal crops, leading to damaging effects for the environment, ecosystems, and human health. To ensure agricultural sustainability and the required food source, many attempts have been made towards developing cereal crops with a more effective nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE depends on N uptake, utilization, and lastly, combining the capability to assimilate N into carbon skeletons and remobilize the N assimilated. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a crucial metabolic step of N assimilation, regulating crop yield. In this review, the physiological and genetic studies on GS and GOGAT of the main cereal crops will be examined, giving emphasis on their implications in NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Domenica Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Cecilia Lasorella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
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5
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Pittaway PA, Antille DL, Melland AR, Marchuk S. Availability of Nitrogen in Soil for Irrigated Cotton Following Application of Urea and 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate-Coated Urea in Concentrated Bands. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1170. [PMID: 36904030 PMCID: PMC10005246 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency for irrigated cotton has been attributed to the limited ability of tap roots to access N from concentrated subsurface bands, or the preferential root uptake of microbially-mineralized dissolved organic N. This work investigated how applying high-rate banded urea affects the availability of N in soil and the capacity of cotton roots to take up N. Soil was analyzed for water-extractable total dissolved N and inorganic N species after urea or urea coated with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was applied at concentrations of 261, 455, 461, and 597 mg N kg-1 of (air-dry) soil (mean bulk density: 1.01 g cm-3). A mass balance was used to compare N applied as fertilizer and in unfertilized soil (supplied N) with the N recovered from soil within the cylinders (recovered N) at five plant growth phases. Root uptake was estimated by comparing ammonium-N (NH4-N) and nitrate-N (NO3-N) in soil sampled from within cylinders with soil sampled from immediately outside. Recovered N was up to 100% above supplied N within 30 days of applying urea above 261 mg N kg-1 of soil. Significantly lower NO3-N in soil sampled from immediately outside the cylinders suggests urea application stimulates cotton root uptake. The use of DMPP-coated urea prolonged high NH4-N in soil and inhibited the mineralization of released organic N. These results imply the release of previously sequestered soil organic N within 30 days of applying concentrated urea enhances the availability of NO3-N in the rhizosphere, reducing N fertilizer use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Pittaway
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Diogenes L. Antille
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Precinct, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alice R. Melland
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Serhiy Marchuk
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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6
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Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Forms and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Availability Affected by Cover Crop Species and Nitrogen Fertilizer Doses. NITROGEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cover crops and N fertilization strongly impact the forms of soil organic C and N and their availability, which change the responses of plants to N fertilization and soil organic C accumulation. Our study objectives were to evaluate the effects of cover crops and N doses on soil total and soluble C and N contents, N fractions, and potentially available N in a long-term no-till experiment. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plots and four replicates. The main treatments were cover crops species, jack bean, lablab bean, millet, velvet bean, and fallow cultivated prior to maize. Secondary treatments included two doses of mineral N (0 and 120 kg ha−1). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm, which were analyzed for total and water-soluble C and N contents, N fractions (acid hydrolysis method), and potentially available N (hot KCl solution and direct steam distillation methods). Cover crop velvet bean resulted in the highest soil organic carbon levels, and cover crop millet plus fertilization resulted in the highest levels of soil total N. The amino sugar was the largest N fraction, which decreased by 8% with N fertilization. The soluble C and N content strongly correlated with total and available N content. The changes in soil N were influenced by cover crop species and fertilization and the interactions of both, so the combination of fertilization regime and cover crops must be chosen with care. Additionally, legumes are a good source of plant and soil N in systems with low input of N via fertilizer; however, the combination of N fertilizer with legumes can reduce soil N reserves, leading to its long-term depletion.
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Motarjemi SK, Styczen ME, Petersen RJ, Jensen KJS, Plauborg F. Effects of different drainage conditions on nitrogen losses of an agricultural sandy loam soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116267. [PMID: 36419278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged waterlogging in agricultural fields has severe consequences for the crop development and growth, and could potentially lead to higher N losses. In this study, a 3.93 ha agricultural field in Denmark was separated into two parts of well-drained (WD) and poorly-drained (PD) based on the installation depth of the tile drains. The field was continuously monitored for drainage, soil water dynamics, nitrogen leaching through the drains, and grain dry matter and nitrogen yields in a 4-year period (2017-2020). Furthermore, denitrification potential of the top 1 m of the soil at both parts of the field was measured through the denitrifying enzyme activity assay, and a 1D Daisy model was utilized to capture the differences between water and nitrogen balances at WD and PD. Results indicated that on average over the 4 years, annual harvested nitrogen in the crops at PD was 14% lower compared to WD, with a significant reduction of 33% in 2017-2018, that coincided with the longest period of waterlogging at PD. Moreover, greater losses of nitrogen through leaching from drainage and other pathways were measured at the PD (109 kg N ha-1 ya-1) compared to the WD (95 kg N ha-1 ya-1). Based on the simulations, losses through preferential flow pathways to the drains dominated at PD and most of the denitrification is expected to occur within the topsoil. Future studies could significantly benefit from monitoring the redox dynamics in the top 30 cm of the PD soils, and increasing the depth of tiles drains by redrainage could reduce the N losses of poorly drained agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar K Motarjemi
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Agroecology, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Merete E Styczen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus J Petersen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kasper J S Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Plauborg
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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Sun N, Wang L, Sun Y, Li H, Liao S, Ding J, Wang G, Suo L, Li Y, Zou G, Huang S. Positive Effects of Organic Substitution in Reduced-Fertilizer Regimes on Bacterial Diversity and N-Cycling Functionality in Greenhouse Ecosystem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16954. [PMID: 36554835 PMCID: PMC9779496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fertilization in the greenhouses of North China used excessive amounts of chemical and organic fertilizer, resulting in soil degradation and severe agricultural non-point source pollution. A nine-year study was conducted on a loamy clay soil in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, to investigate the effects of reduced-fertilizer input regimes on soil property, bacterial diversity, nitrogen (N) cycling and their interactions. There were four treatments, including high organic + chemical fertilizer application rate and three reduced-fertilizer treatments with swine manure, maize straw or no substitution of 50% chemical N. Treatments with reduced-fertilizer input prevented soil salinization and acidification as in local conventional fertilization after being treated for nine years. In comparison to chemical fertilizer only, swine manure or maize straw substitution maintained higher nutrient availability and soil organic C contents. Fertilizer input reduction significantly increased bacterial richness and shifted bacterial community after nine years, with decisive factors of EC, Olsen P and C/N ratio of applied fertilizer. Soil chemical characteristics (EC, pH and nutrients), aggregation and C/N ratio of applied fertilizer selected certain bacterial groups, as well as N-cycling functions. Reduced-fertilizer input decreased the potential nitrification and denitrification functioning of bacterial community, but only in organic substitution treatments. The results of this study suggested that fertilizer input reduction combined with organic C input has potential in reducing non-point source pollution and increasing N-use efficiency in greenhouse vegetable production in North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanxin Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shangqiang Liao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jianli Ding
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Linna Suo
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ladha JK, Peoples MB, Reddy PM, Biswas JC, Bennett A, Jat ML, Krupnik TJ. Biological nitrogen fixation and prospects for ecological intensification in cereal-based cropping systems. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2022; 283:108541. [PMID: 35782167 PMCID: PMC9133800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for nitrogen (N) for crop production increased rapidly from the middle of the twentieth century and is predicted to at least double by 2050 to satisfy the on-going improvements in productivity of major food crops such as wheat, rice and maize that underpin the staple diet of most of the world's population. The increased demand will need to be fulfilled by the two main sources of N supply - biological nitrogen (gas) (N2) fixation (BNF) and fertilizer N supplied through the Haber-Bosch processes. BNF provides many functional benefits for agroecosystems. It is a vital mechanism for replenishing the reservoirs of soil organic N and improving the availability of soil N to support crop growth while also assisting in efforts to lower negative environmental externalities than fertilizer N. In cereal-based cropping systems, legumes in symbiosis with rhizobia contribute the largest BNF input; however, diazotrophs involved in non-symbiotic associations with plants or present as free-living N2-fixers are ubiquitous and also provide an additional source of fixed N. This review presents the current knowledge of BNF by free-living, non-symbiotic and symbiotic diazotrophs in the global N cycle, examines global and regional estimates of contributions of BNF, and discusses possible strategies to enhance BNF for the prospective benefit of cereal N nutrition. We conclude by considering the challenges of introducing in planta BNF into cereals and reflect on the potential for BNF in both conventional and alternative crop management systems to encourage the ecological intensification of cereal and legume production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish K. Ladha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark B. Peoples
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan Bennett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mangi L. Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, New Delhi, India
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10
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Communicating Nitrogen Loss Mechanisms for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency Management, Focused on Global Wheat. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses are a major environmental issue. Globally, crop N fertilizer applications are excessive, and N use efficiency (NUE) is low. N loss represents a significant economic loss to the farmer. NUE is difficult to quantify in real time because of the multiple chemical–biological–physical factors interacting. While there is much scientific understanding of N interactions in the plant–soil system, there is little formal expression of scientific knowledge in farm practice. The objective of this study was to clearly define the factors controlling NUE in wheat production, focusing on N inputs, flows, transformations, and outputs from the plant–soil system. A series of focus groups were conducted with professional agronomists and industry experts, and their technical information was considered alongside a structured literature review. To express this understanding, clear graphical representations are provided in the text. The analysis of the NUE processes revealed 16 management interventions which could be prioritized to increase farm nitrogen use efficiency. These management interventions were grouped into three categories—inputs, flow between pools, and outputs—and include management options through the range of application errors, fertilizer input choice, root development, pests and disease, soil structure, harvesting and storage errors, and soil resources of water, micronutrients, carbon, nitrogen, and pH. It was noted that technical solutions such as fertilizer formulation and managing organic matter require significant supply chain upgrades. It was also noted that farm-scale decision support would be best managed using a risk/probability-based recommender system rather than generic guidelines.
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11
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How Anthropocene Might Save the World: Metamorphosis. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Anthropocene has created a new cartography. It moves between the rejection of scientific disciplines, overcoming dualism and a change of coordinates with which to interpret the world. The Anthropocene unites two fields of knowledge: geology and anthropology. The “Axial Age” divides daily practices (the World of life) and the objective view of nature (the World of science). The Anthropocene” by Paul J. Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer has two distinct parts; the first establishes “a period of time”, and the second establishes an “epistemic tool”. This paper is intended to illustrate the epistemological dimension of the Anthropocene. Eduard Suess, Antonio Stopani, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Vladimir Vernadsky, etc. anticipated the concept of the Anthropocene a century ago. The hypothesis of the earth as a “living organism” is inspired by the Goethean Science or Naturwissenschaft of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. It reinforces the character of “rupture” that the Anthropocene has. The Gaia Hypothesis, which is built from elements of Earth science systems, sees the pressing need for a global system and to overcome the barriers between disciplines. The Anthropocene allows both ancient quarrels and the roots of philosophical thought to be reviewed. The metamorphosis linked to the Anthropocene represents the interplay between “collapse” and “awakening”. Focus on the objectivity of the “primary effects”—the “public bads”—leads to the imminent ecological apocalypse. If we focus on “secondary effects”, we observe the metamorphosis of “public bads” into “public goods”. The “good” hides behind the “evil”. We are not at the end of Civilization; we are before new beginnings, new rules, new structures. The Anthropocene could save the world thanks to the metamorphosis of our consciousness of the world.
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12
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Lin ZH, Chen CS, Zhong QS, Ruan QC, Chen ZH, You XM, Shan RY, Li XL. The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:506. [PMID: 34727870 PMCID: PMC8561955 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the agricultural production. As a result, a large amount of N fertilizer is used to improve the yield in modern tea production. Unfortunately, the large amount of N fertilizer input has led to increased plant nitrogen-tolerance and decreased amplitude of yield improvement, which results in significant N loss, energy waste and environment pollution. However, the effects of N-deficiency on the metabolic profiles of tea leaves and roots are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, seedlings of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Chunlv 2 were treated with 3 mM NH4NO3 (Control) or without NH4NO3 (N-deficiency) for 4 months by sandy culture. The results suggested that N-deficiency induced tea leaf chlorosis, impaired biomass accumulation, decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and N absorption when they were compared to the Control samples. The untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF/MS approach revealed a discrimination of the metabolic profiles between N-deficient tea leaves and roots. The identification and classification of the altered metabolites indicated that N deficiency upregulated the relative abundances of most phenylpropanoids and organic acids, while downregulated the relative abundances of most amino acids in tea leaves. Differentially, N-deficiency induced the accumulation of most carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids in tea roots. The potential biomarkers screened in N-deficient leaves compared to Control implied that N deficiency might reduce the tea quality. Unlike the N-deficient leaves, the potential biomarkers in N-deficient roots indicated an improved stress response might occur in tea roots. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated N deficiency had different effects on the primary and secondary metabolism in tea leaves and roots. The findings of this study will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the N-deficient tea plants and provide a valuable reference for the optimized N nutrient management and the sustainable development in the tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-He Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China.
| | - Chang-Song Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Qi-Chun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Rui-Yang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
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Wang Y, Fu X, Wu D, Wang M, Lu K, Mu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang T. Agricultural Fertilization Aggravates Air Pollution by Stimulating Soil Nitrous Acid Emissions at High Soil Moisture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14556-14566. [PMID: 34658233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen lost from fertilized soil is a potentially large source of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO), a major precursor of the hydroxyl radical. Yet, the impacts of fertilizer types and other influencing factors on HONO emissions are unknown. As a result, the current state-of-the-art models lack an appropriate parameterization scheme to quantify the HONO impact on air quality after fertilization. Here, we report laboratory measurements of high HONO emissions from soils at a 75-95% water-holding capacity after applying three common fertilizers, which contrasts with previous lower predictions at high soil moisture. Urea use leads to the largest release of HONO compared to the other two commonly used fertilizers (ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium nitrate). The significant promotion effect of fertilization lasted up to 1 week. Implementation of the lab-derived parametrization in a chemistry transport model (CMAQ) significantly improved postfertilization HONO predictions at a rural site in the agriculture-intensive North China Plain and increased the regionally averaged daytime OH, O3, and daily fine particulate nitrate concentrations by 41, 8, and 47%, respectively. The results of our study underscore the necessity to include this large postfertilization HONO source in modeling air quality and atmospheric chemistry. Fertilizer structure adjustments may reduce HONO emissions and improve the air quality in polluted regions with intense agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077 Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Dianming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Sciences (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Sciences (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077 Hong Kong, China
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14
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Nutrient Budgeting — A Robust Indicator of Soil–Water–Air Contamination Monitoring and Prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Harindintwali JD, Zhou J, Muhoza B, Wang F, Herzberger A, Yu X. Integrated eco-strategies towards sustainable carbon and nitrogen cycling in agriculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112856. [PMID: 34051535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To meet the ever-growing human demands for food, fuel, and fiber, agricultural activities have dramatically altered the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. These biogeochemical cycles along with water, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles are fundamental features of life on Earth. Human alteration of the global N cycle has had both positive and negative outcomes. To efficiently feed a growing population, crop-livestock production systems have been developed, however, these systems also contribute significantly to environmental pollution and global climate change. Management of agricultural waste (AW) and the application of N fertilizers are central to the issues of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient runoff that contributes to the eutrophication of water bodies. If managed properly, AW can provide nutrients for plants and contribute to the conservation of soil health. In order to achieve the long-term conservation of agricultural production systems, it is important to promote the proper recycling of AW in agroecosystems and to minimize the reliance on chemical N fertilizers. Composting is one of the sustainable and effective approaches for recycling AW in agriculture. However, the conventional composting process is dilatory and produces compost with low N content compared to chemical N fertilizers. For this reason, comprehensive research is required to improve the composting process and the N content of the soil organic amendments. This work aims to explore the beneficial effects of the integrated application of biochar and specific C and N cycling microorganisms to the composting process and the quality of the composted products. In pursuit of replacing chemical N fertilizers with bio/organic fertilizers, we further discussed the power of the combined application of compost, biochar, and N-fixing bacteria in agricultural production systems. The knowledge of smart integration of AW and microorganisms in agriculture could solve the main agricultural and environmental problems associated with human-induced flows of C and N. Building upon the knowledge disseminated in review to further extensive research will pave the way for better management of agricultural production systems and sustainable C and N cycling in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jianli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bertrand Muhoza
- National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Anna Herzberger
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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16
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Ma F, Wang Y, Yan P, Wei F, Duan Z, Yang Z, Liu J. Effect of cotton residues incorporation on soil properties, organic nitrogen fractions, and nitrogen-mineralizing enzyme activity under long-term continuous cotton cropping. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11053. [PMID: 33868806 PMCID: PMC8035904 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of cotton residues incorporation on soil properties, soil organic nitrogen (N) fractions, and N-mineralizing enzyme (protease, and urease) activity in the 0–40 cm soil layer in the long-term continuous cotton field. In this experiment, seven treatments, including cotton residues incorporation for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years (marked as 5a, 10a, 15a, and 20a) and continuous cropping for 5, 10 and 20 years (marked as CK5, CK10 and CK20) were conducted. The results showed that the soil organic carbon (C) and N increased gradually with the increase in the duration of continuous cropping with cotton residues incorporation. Compared with CK20, the 20a treatments reduced the content of amino acid N (AAN), ammonium N (AN), amino sugar N (ASN), hydrolysable unidentified N (HUN), and acid insoluble N (AIN) significantly by 48.6, 32.2, 96.9, 48.3, and 38.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). The activity of protease and urease in 20a treatments significantly increased by 53.4 and 53.1% respectively as compared to CK20 (p < 0.05). Soil organic C and N-mineralizing enzyme activity decreased with the increase in cropping duration in the absence of cotton residues incorporation, while the organic N increased slightly. In conclusion, cotton residues returning can increase the storage of soil organic C and N in long-term continuous cropping cotton field, and improve the soil quality and soil fertility of continuous cropping cotton field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiping Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhilan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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17
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Adamczyk B. Root-Derived Proteases as a Plant Tool to Access Soil Organic Nitrogen; Current Stage of Knowledge and Controversies. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040731. [PMID: 33918076 PMCID: PMC8069566 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic deterioration of the global nitrogen (N) cycle emerges mainly from overuse of inorganic N fertilizers in nutrient-limited cropping systems. To counteract a further dysregulation of the N cycle, we need to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency. This aim may be reached via unravelling all plant mechanisms to access soil N, with special attention to the dominating high-molecular-mass N pool. Traditionally, we believe that inorganic N is the only plant-available N pool, however, more recent studies point to acquisition of organic N compounds, i.e., amino acids, short peptides, and proteins. The least known mechanism of plants to increase the N uptake is a direct increase of soil proteolysis via root-derived proteases. This paper provides a review of the knowledge about root-derived proteases and also controversies behind this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Adamczyk
- The Natural Resources Institute, Luonnonvarakeskus, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Lembaid I, Moussadek R, Mrabet R, Douaik A, Bouhaouss A. Modeling the effects of farming management practices on soil organic carbon stock under two tillage practices in a semi-arid region, Morocco. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05889. [PMID: 33437890 PMCID: PMC7787956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Farming management practices are of paramount importance for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in carbon (C) cycling at different scales. However, due to a lack of proper methodologies, estimating the impacts of different soil management practices on overall SOC stock remains inadequately quantified. In this paper, a process-based model, Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC), was validated on midterm (9 years) and employed depending on the local climate, soil and management conditions, to assess the impacts of alternative management practices on SOC stock under two tillage systems, in a semi-arid region of Morocco. Validated results showed a good agreement between model simulated and observed values, based on the normalized root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). This agreement indicates that the DNDC model could capture patterns and magnitudes changes across the climate zone, soil type, and management practices. Modeled results pointed out that, under no-tillage practice (NT), the SOC content increased by 30% compared to conventional tillage (CT). During the simulated period (9 years), the SOC sequestration potential (CSP) has been greatly improved with increased crop residue rate and application of farmyard manure (FY-manure). This increase ranged from 415 kg C/ha to 1787 kg C/ha under NT practice, and from 150 kg C/ha to 818 kg C/ha under CT system. In contrast, increasing fertilizer rate had low to negligible effect on SOC stock. On the other hand, CSP declined by 107–335 kg C/ha and by 177–354 kg C/ha under NT and CT practices respectively, when decreasing N-fertilizer rates. In light of these results, an increase in crop residue rate returned at surface after harvest and application of organic fertilizer, especially under NT practice, can substantially improve SOC stock in a semi-arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissame Lembaid
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.,National Institute for Agricultural Research of Rabat (INRA), Morocco
| | - Rachid Moussadek
- National Institute for Agricultural Research of Rabat (INRA), Morocco
| | - Rachid Mrabet
- National Institute for Agricultural Research of Rabat (INRA), Morocco
| | - Ahmed Douaik
- National Institute for Agricultural Research of Rabat (INRA), Morocco
| | - Ahmed Bouhaouss
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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19
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Gupta N, Gupta M, Akhatar J, Goyal A, Kaur R, Sharma S, Goyal P, Mukta A, Kaur N, Mittal M, Singh MP, Bharti B, Sardana VK, Banga SS. Association genetics of the parameters related to nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica juncea L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:161-175. [PMID: 32997301 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies allowed prediction of 17 candidate genes for association with nitrogen use efficiency. Novel information obtained may provide better understanding of genomic controls underlying germplasm variations for this trait in Indian mustard. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) is low and most breeding efforts to combine NUE with crop performance have not succeeded. Underlying genetics also remain unexplored. We tested 92 SNP-genotyped inbred lines for yield component traits, N uptake efficiency (NUPEFF), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUTEFF), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and NUE for two years at two nitrogen doses (No without added N and N100 added @100 kg/ha). Genotypes IC-2489-88, M-633, MCP-632, HUJM 1080, GR-325 and DJ-65 recorded high NUE at low N. These also showed improved crop performance under high N. One determinate mustard genotype DJ-113 DT-3 revealed maximum NUTEFF. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) facilitated recognition of 17 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Environment specificity was high. B-genome chromosomes (B02, B03, B05, B07 and B08) harbored many useful loci. We also used regional association mapping (RAM) to supplement results from GWAS. Annotation of the genomic regions around peak SNPs helped to predict several gene candidates for root architecture, N uptake, assimilation and remobilization. CAT9 (At1g05940) was consistently envisaged for both NUE and NUPEFF. Major N transporter genes, NRT1.8 and NRT3.1 were predicted for explaining variation for NUTEFF and NUPEFF, respectively. Most significant amino acid transporter gene, AAP1 appeared associated with NUE under limited N conditions. All these candidates were predicted in the regions of high linkage disequilibrium. Sequence information of the predicted candidate genes will permit development of molecular markers to aid breeding for high NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mehak Gupta
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Javed Akhatar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anna Goyal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rimaljeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prinka Goyal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Archana Mukta
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Meenakshi Mittal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Baudh Bharti
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - V K Sardana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Surinder S Banga
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, 141004, Ludhiana, India.
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20
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zur Strassen T, Scharf A, Carus G, Carus M. Are New Food and Biomass Technologies More Sustainable? A Review. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2020.29232.tzs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Joris HAW, Vitti AC, Ferraz-Almeida R, Otto R, Cantarella H. Long-term N fertilization reduces uptake of N from fertilizer and increases the uptake of N from soil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18834. [PMID: 33139850 PMCID: PMC7606474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term supply of synthetic nitrogen (N) has the potential to affect the soil N processes. This study aimed to (i) establish N response curves to find the best balance between inputs and outputs of N over four ratoons; (ii) use 15N-labeled fertilizer to estimate the N recovery efficiency of fertilizer applied in the current season as affected by the N management in the previous three years. Nitrogen rates (control, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1 N) were applied annually in the same plots after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sugarcane cycles. Sugarcane yield, N uptake, and N balance were evaluated. In the final season, 100 kg ha−1 of 15N was also applied in the microplots to evaluate the effect of previous N fertilization on N derived from fertilizer (NDF) and N derived from soil (NDS). Sugarcane yields increased linearly with the N rates over the four sugarcane-cycles. The best balance between the input of N through fertilizer and N removal by stalks was 90 kg ha−1 N in both the 1st and 2nd ratoons, and 71 kg ha−1 N in both the 3rd and 4th ratoons. Long-term application of N reduced NDF from 41 to 30 kg ha−1 and increased NDS from 160 to 180 kg ha−1 N. A key finding is that long-term N fertilization has the potential to affect soil N processes by increasing the contribution of soil N and reducing the contribution of N from fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Cesar Vitti
- Agribusiness Technology of the Paulista Agency - APTA, Rua São Jorge, 283 Santana, Piracicaba, SP, 13411-516, Brazil
| | - Risely Ferraz-Almeida
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Otto
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481 - Botafogo, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil
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22
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Sethy PK, Barpanda NK, Rath AK, Behera SK. Nitrogen Deficiency Prediction of Rice Crop Based on Convolutional Neural Network. JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING 2020; 11:5703-5711. [DOI: 10.1007/s12652-020-01938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
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Anas M, Liao F, Verma KK, Sarwar MA, Mahmood A, Chen ZL, Li Q, Zeng XP, Liu Y, Li YR. Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Biol Res 2020; 53:47. [PMID: 33066819 PMCID: PMC7565752 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal, proteomic changes and growth-development of plants to complete its lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For world's sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to up-grade nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural farming system. The nitrogen use efficiency is the product of nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, it varies from 30.2 to 53.2%. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15-30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation and legume based intercropping. A few transgenic studies have shown improvement in nitrogen uptake and even increase in biomass. Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and asparagine synthetase enzyme have a great role in nitrogen metabolism. However, further studies on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and molecular changes at omic levels are required by using "whole genome sequencing technology" to improve nitrogen use efficiency. This review focus on nitrogen use efficiency that is the major concern of modern days to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as safety of global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization and nitrate leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anas
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Aamir Mahmood
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xu-Peng Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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Improving Nitrate Fertilization by Encapsulating Zn-Al Layered Double Hydroxides in Alginate Beads. NITROGEN 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen1020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are anionic clays that have potential as slow-release fertilizers; however, their formulation as powders makes them difficult to apply, and their slow-release properties are impaired due to instability under acidic conditions. In the work reported, Zn-Al LDH containing interlayered 15NO3− was synthesized for use as powder (LDH-N) or for encapsulation in alginate beads (LDH-AN), and then authenticated by X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The two LDHs were compared to K15NO3 for evaluating their slow-release properties through (i) a kinetic study of NO3− release in water under dynamic conditions, and (ii) a growth chamber experiment designed to estimate fertilizer N uptake efficiency (FNUE) by growing pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) on an acidic Oxisol in the absence of N losses. Both LDH materials exhibited slow-release properties in the kinetic studies, and NO3− release was reduced for LDH-AN as compared to LDH-N. Because of these properties, FNUE measurements in the growth chamber experiment should have been lower with the LDHs than with K15NO3, but this was not the case for LDH-N, which was attributed to the structural instability of powdered LDH in the presence of soil acidity and to the exchange of NO3− by more competitive anions such as CO32−. A significant decrease in FNUE was observed for LDH-AN, demonstrating retention of slow-release behavior that most likely resulted from the presence of a physicochemical barrier having high cation-exchange and buffering capacities while limiting exposure to soil acidity and anion exchange. Alginate encapsulation expands the practical potential of LDH for slow-release NO3− fertilization.
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Zhang X, Liu H, Pilon-Smits E, Huang W, Wang P, Wang M, Guo F, Wang Y, Li R, Zhao H, Ni D. Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Nitrogen-Regulated Genes in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) and Characterization of Amino Acid Transporter CsCAT9.1. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091218. [PMID: 32957496 PMCID: PMC7569990 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vigor of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and tea quality are strongly influenced by the abundance and forms of nitrogen, principally NO3−, NH4+, and amino acids. Mechanisms to access different nitrogen sources and the regulatory cues remain largely elusive in tea plants. A transcriptome analysis was performed to categorize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots and young leaves during the early response to four nitrogen treatments. Relative to the continuously nitrogen-replete control, the three nitrogen-deprived and resupplied treatments shared 237 DEGs in the shoots and 21 DEGs in the root. Gene-ontology characterization revealed that transcripts encoding genes predicted to participate in nitrogen uptake, assimilation, and translocation were among the most differentially expressed after exposure to the different nitrogen regimes. Because of its high transcript level regardless of nitrogen condition, a putative amino acid transporter, TEA020444/CsCAT9.1, was further characterized in Arabidopsis and found to mediate the acquisition of a broad spectrum of amino acids, suggesting a role in amino acid uptake, transport, and deposition in sinks as an internal reservoir. Our results enhance our understanding of nitrogen-regulated transcript level patterns in tea plants and pinpoint candidate genes that function in nitrogen transport and metabolism, allowing tea plants to adjust to variable nitrogen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingle Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of information and computing science Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (W.H.); (P.W.); (M.W.); (F.G.); (Y.W.); (D.N.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Mustafa A, Minggang X, Ali Shah SA, Abrar MM, Nan S, Baoren W, Zejiang C, Saeed Q, Naveed M, Mehmood K, Núñez-Delgado A. Soil aggregation and soil aggregate stability regulate organic carbon and nitrogen storage in a red soil of southern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110894. [PMID: 32721331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregation plays a critical role in the maintenance of soil structure, as well as in its productivity. Fertilization influences soil aggregation, especially by regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in aggregate fractions. The present study evaluated the influence of three contrasting fertilizer regimes (unfertilized control -CK-, mineral fertilization -NPK- and manure combined with NPK -NPKM) on soil aggregate stability, aggregate-associated organic carbon and total nitrogen sequestration and mineralization of SOC. Soil samples from (20 cm) depth were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment and analysed for size distribution ranging (>250 μm, 250-53 μm and <53 μm sizes), SOC and TN contents, as well as for mineralization of bulk and aggregate associated-SOC. Both NPK and NPKM fertilizations significantly enhanced SOC and TN contents in bulk soil and its constituent aggregates of >250 μm, 250-53 μm and <53 μm sizes, as compared to CK. Long-term NPK and NPKM increased SOC and TN stock in bulk soil by 45 and 98%, and by 70 and 144%, respectively, as compared to CK. Similarly, higher values of SOC and TN stock in all aggregate fractions was observed with the application of NPKM. Application of NPK and NPKM for 26 years significantly increased aggregate stability, which was positively correlated with total SOC contents in terms of mean weight diameter (MWD) (Adj. R2 = 0.689, p < 0.03) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) (Adj. R2 = 0.471, p < 0.24). Moreover, higher scores regarding cumulative mineralization for bulk soil and aggregate associated OC were observed with the application of NPK and NPKM. Irrespective of treatments, higher cumulative C-mineralization was observed for macro-aggregates (>250 μm size) followed by 250-53 μm and <53 μm size aggregates. Interestingly, a highly positive correlation was observed between aggregate stability and the cumulative amount of mineralization for bulk soil and aggregate fractions, with R2 ranging from 0.84 to 0.99. This study evidenced that long-term fertilization of NPK and NPKM can improve soil aggregation, stability and associated OC and TN stock in aggregates, as well as aggregate-associated OC mineralization, which was further governed by aggregate size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xu Minggang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Syed Atizaz Ali Shah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Abrar
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sun Nan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wang Baoren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Qiyang Agro-ecosystem of National Field Experimental Station, Hunan, 426182, China
| | - Cai Zejiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Qiyang Agro-ecosystem of National Field Experimental Station, Hunan, 426182, China
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Eng. Polytech. School, Campus univ. 27002 Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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27
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Chen KE, Chen HY, Tseng CS, Tsay YF. Improving nitrogen use efficiency by manipulating nitrate remobilization in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1126-1135. [PMID: 32868892 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is critical to improve crop yield, reduce N fertilizer demand and alleviate environmental pollution. N remobilization is a key component of NUE. The nitrate transporter NRT1.7 is responsible for loading excess nitrate stored in source leaves into phloem and facilitates nitrate allocation to sink leaves. Under N starvation, the nrt1.7 mutant exhibits growth retardation, indicating that NRT1.7-mediated source-to-sink remobilization of stored nitrate is important for sustaining growth in plants. To energize NRT1.7-mediated nitrate recycling, we introduced a hyperactive chimeric nitrate transporter NC4N driven by the NRT1.7 promoter into the nrt1.7 mutant. NRT1.7p::NC4N::3' transgenic plants accumulated more nitrate in younger leaves, and 15NO3- tracing analysis revealed that more 15N was remobilized into sink tissues. Consistently, transgenic Arabidopsis, tobacco and rice plants showed improved growth or yield. Our study suggests that enhancing source-to-sink nitrate remobilization represents a new strategy for enhancing NUE and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-En Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Tseng
- Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu C, Chen L, He Z, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Li Z, Peng Y, Deng N, Chen Y. Integration and Potential Application Ability of Culturable Functional Microorganism in Oil Tea Camellia. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 61:1-9. [PMID: 33505087 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil tea Camellia is a major woody oil plant, which has a positive influence on alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of edible oil in China. Microbial fertilizer for Oil tea Camellia is urgently needed in current production, and it is of great significance to improve the yield and quality. Culturable functional microorganisms are the basis of research and development for microbial fertilizer. In this study, culturable microorganisms which had abilities of antagonism, growth promotion, phosphorus solubility, nitrogen fixation and drought resistance, were integrated from oil tea literature. And the strains potential application ability were evaluated in terms of functionality, safety and adaptability, culture characteristics, suitable conditions and colonization or infection ability of strains. The results showed that the strains with strongest antagonistic ability were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D2WM and Bacillus subtilis Y13. Beauveria bassiana BbTK-01 and Metarhizium anisopliae FJMa201101 had the strongest insect resistant ability. Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradices can promote oil tea fastest growth. Phosphorus dissolving ability of Bacillus aryabhattai NC285 and Burkholderia cepacia 6-Y-09 were strongest. The strains with strongest Nitrogen fixing ability were Azomonas N7-3 and Sphingobium B7-7, and the strains with strongest improving drought resistance ability were Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradices. Comprehensive evaluation of strains showed that Bacillus subtilis Y13 and Azomonas N7-3 had a good applied potential ability. This study would save time-consuming of isolate, purify and identify repetitively for the researchers of functional bacteria of oil tea Camellia. Meanwhile it provides a research basis for selecting targeted strains and constructing the combination of functional strains, therefore provides data support for fertilizer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China.,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Longsheng Chen
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Zhilong He
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Yinghe Peng
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Nan Deng
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil-tea Camellia, Changsha, 410004 China
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29
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Galland W, Piola F, Mathieu C, Bouladra L, Simon L, Haichar FEZ. Does Biological Denitrification Inhibition (BDI) in the Field Induce an Increase in Plant Growth and Nutrition in Apium graveolens L. Grown for a Long Period? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081204. [PMID: 32784635 PMCID: PMC7466050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive agriculture uses a lot of nitrogen fertilizers to increase crop productivity. These crops are in competition with soil-denitrifying microorganisms that assimilate nitrogen in the form of nitrate and transform it into N2O, a greenhouse gas, or N2. However, certain plant species exude secondary metabolites, called procyanidins, which inhibit denitrifiers and increase the nitrate pool in the soil available for plant nutrition. This phenomenon is called biological denitrification inhibition. Previously, we showed that the addition of exogenous procyanidins to a lettuce crop induces denitrifier inhibition and increases nitrate content in the soil, affecting lettuce morphological traits. Here, the effects of procyanidin amendments in the field on a more long-term and nitrogen-consuming crop species such as celery were tested. The effects of procyanidin amendment on celery growth with those of conventional ammonium nitrate amendments were, therefore, compared. Denitrification activity, nitrate concentration, the abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the soil, and traits related to celery growth were measured. It was shown that the addition of procyanidins inhibits denitrifiers and increases the soil nitrate level, inducing an improvement in celery morphological traits. In addition, procyanidin amendment induces the lowest nitrogen concentration in tissues and reduces N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Galland
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA 1418, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (W.G.); (L.B.)
- Université de Lyon, UMR5023 LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (F.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Florence Piola
- Université de Lyon, UMR5023 LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (F.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Céline Mathieu
- Station d’Expérimentation Rhône-Alpes Information Légumes (SERAIL), 123 Chemin du Finday Les Hoteaux, 69126 Brindas, France;
| | - Lyna Bouladra
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA 1418, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (W.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Laurent Simon
- Université de Lyon, UMR5023 LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (F.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Feth el Zahar Haichar
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA 1418, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (W.G.); (L.B.)
- INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Univ Lyon, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
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30
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Spangler K, Burchfield EK, Schumacher B. Past and Current Dynamics of U.S. Agricultural Land Use and Policy. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Ransom CJ, Jolley VD, Blair TA, Sutton LE, Hopkins BG. Nitrogen release rates from slow- and controlled-release fertilizers influenced by placement and temperature. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234544. [PMID: 32555670 PMCID: PMC7299380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled-release and slow-release fertilizers can effectively supply nitrogen (N) while mitigating N loss. To determine the suitability of these fertilizers for plants in semi-arid environments, these fertilizers need to be evaluated under varying placement and temperature conditions. Several urea fertilizers were evaluated, including: uncoated, sulfur-coated (SCU), polymer-coated-sulfur-coated (PCSCU), and polymer-coated (PCU) with projected release timings between 45 and 180 d. Nitrogen release was measured under daily fluctuating or static temperatures applied either to the surface or buried in the soil. A second experiment consisted of two PCU sources and added a hanging bag placement comparison and low and high soil moisture treatments. For the first Experiment, the N in uncoated urea released shortly after application. The SCU and PCSCU treatments released > 80% of the N before the first sampling date. With fluctuating temperatures, the PCU 45, 75, 120, and 180 incorporated into the soil released N within +9, +9, -22, and -68 d of their expected timing. However, they released their N within 35 d when surface applied. Conversely, with static temperatures, PCU products released slowly, releasing under 80% for the entire study. The second experiment verified these results and showed no difference between low and high moisture and minimal release with fertilizer not in contact with soil. Each coated fertilizer in these studies exhibited slow/control release properties, but the PCU (surface applied) and SCU/PCSCU (surface applied or incorporated in soil) release was much more rapid than expected. Our research suggests that, although the SCU and PCSCU showed minimal slow-release properties (regardless of placement), the PCU fertilizers incorporated in the soil do have a controlled release approximate to what is expected, but have a much more rapid release when surface applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J. Ransom
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Von D. Jolley
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Trenton A. Blair
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lloyd E. Sutton
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bryan G. Hopkins
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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32
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Joshi V, Joshi M, Penalosa A. Comparative analysis of tissue-specific transcriptomic responses to nitrogen stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232011. [PMID: 32374731 PMCID: PMC7202632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is critical to the growth and productivity of crops. To understand the molecular mechanisms influenced by N stress, we used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in root and leaf tissues of spinach. N stress negatively influenced photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, amino acid profiles, and partitioning of N across tissues. RNA-seq analysis revealed that N stress caused most transcriptomic changes in roots, identifying 1,346 DEGs. High-affinity nitrate transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.5) and glutamine amidotransferase (GAT1) genes were strongly induced in roots in response to N deplete and replete conditions, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the functions associated with metabolic pathways and nutrient reservoir activity were enriched due to N stress. Whereas KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated the upregulation of DEGs associated with DNA replication, pyrimidine, and purine metabolism in the presence of high N in leaf tissue. A subset of transcription factors comprising bHLH, MYB, WRKY, and AP2/ERF family members was over-represented in both tissues in response to N perturbation. Interesting DEGs associated with N uptake, amino acid metabolism, hormonal pathway, carbon metabolism, along with transcription factors, were highlighted. The results provide valuable information about the underlying molecular processes in response to N stress in spinach and; could serve as a resource for functional analysis of candidate genes/pathways and enhancement of nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Joshi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Madhumita Joshi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arianne Penalosa
- College of Science, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
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Shiwakoti S, Zheljazkov VD, Gollany HT, Kleber M, Xing B, Astatkie T. Macronutrient in soils and wheat from long-term agroexperiments reflects variations in residue and fertilizer inputs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3263. [PMID: 32094423 PMCID: PMC7039891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in the long-term experiments at Pendleton, OR (USA), were focused on organic matter cycling, but the consequences of land management for nutrient status over time have received little attention. Soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissue samples were analyzed to determine the macronutrient dynamics associated with residue management methods and fertilizer rate under a dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments included: no burn residue incorporation with farmyard manure (FYM) or pea vines, no burn or spring burn with application of N fertilizer (0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1), and fall burn wheat residue incorporation. The results revealed no differences on the effect of residue burning on macronutrient concentration over time. After receiving the same treatments for 84 years, the concentrations of soil organic C, total N and S, and extractable Mg, K, P in the 0-10 cm depth significantly increased in FYM plots compared to the rest of the plots. The N fertilization rate of 90 kg ha-1 reduced the accumulations of P, K, and Ca in grain compared to the 0 and 45 kg N ha-1 applications. The results indicate that residue incorporation with FYM can play vital role in reducing the macronutrient decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shiwakoti
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
| | - Hero T Gollany
- United States Department of Agriculture- Agriculture Research Service, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, Pendleton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Markus Kleber
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Exploring Farmers’ Perceptions of Agricultural Technologies: A Case Study from Tanzania. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12030998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The low agricultural productivity of key crops and food insecurity continue to be key issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Tanzania. The growing population, depleting resources, and changing climate further amplify these issues. Globally, many agricultural technologies (AgTs) are available as pathways for improved agricultural productivity and food security, however, they have had relatively little success in SSA and Tanzania. This is because the uptake of AgTs is a complex process, which is highly localized, involving multiple actors, stages, and spatial and time dimensions. Smallholder farmers often experience issues of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up throughout the uptake process of AgTs, all of which vary by region. This indicates a need for a systematic and simultaneous understanding of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of AgTs to better guide agricultural strategy and policy interventions in SSA and Tanzania. Moreover, in order to understand the local settings better, a consideration of the perceptions of the farmers themselves, who are the primary actors in the uptake process of AgTs, is key. Acknowledging this, the study takes on a case study approach, using the scaling-up assessment (ScalA) method and three focus group discussions with a total of 44 smallholder farmers to systematically and simultaneously assess the sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of three AgTs (use of fertilizers, improved seeds, and small-scale irrigation) in Tanzania. The study finds that the farmers perceive all three AgTs to be sustainable for the study region. Adoption rates are perceived to be medium for use of fertilizers, high for improved seeds, and low for small-scale irrigation. The most significant constraints for adoption experienced by the farmers are lack of technical physical inputs, marketing facilities, and know-how. Scaling-up is perceived to be well fulfilled for use of fertilizers and improved seeds, but only partially fulfilled for small-scale irrigation, which is the most limited of the three AgTs. The most significant constraints for scaling-up experienced by farmers are a lack of confidence in the added value of the AgTs beyond project activities, marketing facilities, and technical physical inputs. The overall success potential is high for the use of fertilizers and improved seeds, and the average for small-scale irrigation. The farmers’ perceptions partially indicate why the bundle of AgTs is lacking in the study region and provide a basis for discussing targeted agricultural and policy interventions in Tanzania.
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Zuluaga DL, Sonnante G. The Use of Nitrogen and Its Regulation in Cereals: Structural Genes, Transcription Factors, and the Role of miRNAs. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8080294. [PMID: 31434274 PMCID: PMC6724420 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cereals and, especially, rice, maize, and wheat, are essential commodities, on which human nutrition is based. Expanding population and food demand have required higher production which has been achieved by increasing fertilization, and especially nitrogen supply to cereal crops. In fact, nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for the plant, but excessive use poses serious environmental and health issues. Therefore, increasing nitrogen use efficiency in cereals is of pivotal importance for sustainable agriculture. The main steps in the use of nitrogen are uptake and transport, reduction and assimilation, and translocation and remobilization. Many studies have been carried out on the genes involved in these phases, and on transcription factors regulating these genes. Lately, increasing attention has been paid to miRNAs responding to abiotic stress, including nutrient deficiency. Many miRNAs have been found to regulate transcription factors acting on the expression of specific genes for nitrogen uptake or remobilization. Recent studies on gene regulatory networks have also demonstrated that miRNAs can interact with several nodes in the network, functioning as key regulators in nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Zuluaga
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Sonnante
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Bai X, Huang Y, Ren W, Coyne M, Jacinthe PA, Tao B, Hui D, Yang J, Matocha C. Responses of soil carbon sequestration to climate-smart agriculture practices: A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2591-2606. [PMID: 31002465 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) management practices (e.g., conservation tillage, cover crops, and biochar applications) have been widely adopted to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring crop productivity. However, current measurements regarding the influences of CSA management practices on SOC sequestration diverge widely, making it difficult to derive conclusions about individual and combined CSA management effects and bringing large uncertainties in quantifying the potential of the agricultural sector to mitigate climate change. We conducted a meta-analysis of 3,049 paired measurements from 417 peer-reviewed articles to examine the effects of three common CSA management practices on SOC sequestration as well as the environmental controlling factors. We found that, on average, biochar applications represented the most effective approach for increasing SOC content (39%), followed by cover crops (6%) and conservation tillage (5%). Further analysis suggested that the effects of CSA management practices were more pronounced in areas with relatively warmer climates or lower nitrogen fertilizer inputs. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that, through adopting CSA practices, cropland could be an improved carbon sink. We also highlight the importance of considering local environmental factors (e.g., climate and soil conditions and their combination with other management practices) in identifying appropriate CSA practices for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongxiong Bai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yawen Huang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mark Coyne
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Bo Tao
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chris Matocha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Mahender A, Ali J, Prahalada GD, Sevilla MAL, Balachiranjeevi CH, Md J, Maqsood U, Li Z. Genetic dissection of developmental responses of agro-morphological traits under different doses of nutrient fertilizers using high-density SNP markers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220066. [PMID: 31335882 PMCID: PMC6650078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are primarily influenced by the application of the critical nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). However, excessive application of these fertilizers is detrimental to the environment and increases the cost of production. Hence, there is a need to develop varieties that simultaneously increase yields under both optimal and suboptimal rates of fertilizer application by maximizing nutrient use efficiency (NuUE). To unravel the hidden genetic variation and understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms of NuUE, three different mapping populations (MPs; BC1F5) derived from three donors (Haoannong, Cheng-Hui 448, and Zhong 413) and recipient Weed Tolerant Rice 1 were developed. A total of three favorable agronomic traits (FATs) were considered as the measure of NuUE. Analysis of variance and descriptive statistics indicated the existence of genetic variation for NuUE and quantitative inheritance of FATs. The genotypic data from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from Tunable Genotyping-By-Sequencing (tGBS) and phenotypic values were used for locating the genomic regions conferring NuUE. A total of 19 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, out of which 11 QTLs were putative on eight chromosomes, which individually explained 17.02% to 34.85% of the phenotypic variation. Notably, qLC-II_1 and qLC-II_11 detected at zero fertilizer application showed higher performance for LC under zero percentage of NPK fertilizer. The remarkable findings of the present study are that the detected QTLs were associated in building tolerance to low/no nutrient application and six candidate genes on chromosomes 2 and 5 within these putative QTLs were found associated with low nutrient tolerance and related to several physiological and metabolic pathways involved in abiotic stress tolerance. The identified superior introgressed lines (ILs) and trait-associated genetic regions can be effectively used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for NuUE breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumalla Mahender
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
- * E-mail:
| | - G. D. Prahalada
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ma. Anna Lynn Sevilla
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - C. H. Balachiranjeevi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jamaloddin Md
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Umer Maqsood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan
| | - Zhikang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, P.R. China
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Redillas MCFR, Bang SW, Lee D, Kim YS, Jung H, Chung PJ, Suh J, Kim J. Allantoin accumulation through overexpression of ureide permease1 improves rice growth under limited nitrogen conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1289-1301. [PMID: 30565833 PMCID: PMC6577366 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, nitrogen (N) can be stored as ureide allantoin and transported by ureide permease (UPS) from nodules to leaves where it is catabolized to release ammonium and assimilation to amino acids. In non-leguminous plants especially rice, information on its roles in N metabolism is scarce. Here, we show that OsUPS1 is localized in plasma membranes and are highly expressed in vascular tissues of rice. We further evaluated an activation tagging rice overexpressing OsUPS1 (OsUPS1OX ) under several N regimes. Under normal field conditions, panicles from OsUPS1OX plants (14 days after flowering (DAF)) showed significant allantoin accumulation. Under hydroponic system at the vegetative stage, plants were exposed to N-starvation and measured the ammonium in roots after resupplying with ammonium sulphate. OsUPS1OX plants displayed higher ammonium uptake in roots compared to wild type (WT). When grown under low-N soil supplemented with different N-concentrations, OsUPS1OX exhibited better growth at 50% N showing higher chlorophyll, tiller number and at least 20% increase in shoot and root biomass relative to WT. To further confirm the effects of regulating the expression of OsUPS1, we evaluated whole-body-overexpressing plants driven by the GOS2 promoter (OsUPS1GOS2 ) as well as silencing plants (OsUPS1RNAi ). We found significant accumulation of allantoin in leaves, stems and roots of OsUPS1GOS2 while in OsUPS1RNAi allantoin was significantly accumulated in roots. We propose that OsUPS1 is responsible for allantoin partitioning in rice and its overexpression can support plant growth through accumulation of allantoin in sink tissues which can be utilized when N is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian Felipe R. Redillas
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
Department of BiologyDe La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Dong‐Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI)Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
Temasek Life Science LaboratoryNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Joo‐Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of Bioscience and BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggiKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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Bioindicators and nutrient availability through whole soil profile under orange groves after long-term different organic fertilizations. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Long-term application of nitrogen, not phosphate or potassium, significantly alters the diazotrophic community compositions and structures in a Mollisol in northeast China. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mahal NK, Osterholz WR, Miguez FE, Poffenbarger HJ, Sawyer JE, Olk DC, Archontoulis SV, Castellano MJ. Nitrogen Fertilizer Suppresses Mineralization of Soil Organic Matter in Maize Agroecosystems. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Crop Productivity and Nitrogen Balance as Influenced by Nitrogen Deposition and Fertilizer Application in North China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the importance of N management in agricultural production, closing the full nitrogen balance remains a challenge, mainly due to the uncertainties in both fluxes of nitrogen input and output. We analyzed N deposition and its influence on crop productivity and field nitrogen balance based on data from three of 15 years (1990–2005) of experiments in North China. The results showed that the average annual nitrogen deposition was 76, 80, and 94 kg N/ha at Changping, Zhengzhou, and Yangling in a wheat-maize rotation system, respectively. The deposited N could support a corresponding total biomass production (wheat plus maize) of 9.6, 10.6, and 8.8 Mg/ha with a total grain yield of 3.8, 4.8, and 3.7 Mg/ha, however, that did not cause a further decline in soil organic matter. N fertilizer application could increase total biomass (grain) by 244% (259%) and 74% (119%) for wheat and maize, respectively. Under optimal N management, N deposition accounted for 17–21% of the total N inputs, which affected significantly the recovery efficiency of applied N. N deposition showed a significant spatial variation in terms of the fraction of dry and wet depositions. On an annual average, N deposition roughly balanced out N losses due to NH3 volatilization and N2O loss from nitrification and denitrification. NH3 volatilization and NO3−-N leaching each accounted for 16–20% of the total N outputs. A system modeling approach is recommended to investigate the spatial variation of N leaching as affected by climatic conditions, and to fully account for the nitrogen fluxes. The N deposition derived from this study can be used as the background N input into the wheat-maize double cropping system for N balance.
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Li XM, Chen QL, He C, Shi Q, Chen SC, Reid BJ, Zhu YG, Sun GX. Organic Carbon Amendments Affect the Chemodiversity of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Associations with Soil Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:50-59. [PMID: 30485747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The "4 per mil" initiative recognizes the pivotal role of soil in carbon resequestration. The need for evidence to substantiate the influence of agricultural practices on chemical nature of soil carbon and microbial biodiversity has become a priority. However, owing to the molecular complexity of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), specific linkages to microbial biodiversity have eluded researchers. Here, we characterized the chemodiversity of soil DOM, assessed the variation of soil bacterial community composition (BCC), and identified specific linkages between DOM traits and BCC. Sustained organic carbon amendment significantly ( P < 0.05) increased total organic matter reservoirs, resulted in higher chemodiversity of DOM and emergence of recalcitrant moieties (H/C < 1.5). In the meantime, sustained organic carbon amendment shaped the BCC to a more eutrophic state while long-term chemical fertilization directed the BCC toward an oligotrophic state. Meanwhile, higher connectivity and complexity were observed in organic carbon amendment by DOM-BCC network analysis, indicating that soil microbes tended to have more interaction with DOM molecules after organic matter inputs. These results highlight the potential for organic carbon amendments to not only build soil carbon stocks and increase their resilience but also mediate the functional state of soil bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing Road, No. 18 , Haidian District, Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road, No. 19A , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jimei Road, No. 1799 , Jimei District, Xiamen 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , 18 Fuxue Road , Changping, Beijing 102249 , China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , 18 Fuxue Road , Changping, Beijing 102249 , China
| | - Song-Can Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing Road, No. 18 , Haidian District, Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road, No. 19A , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Reid
- School of Environmental Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jimei Road, No. 1799 , Jimei District, Xiamen 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing Road, No. 18 , Haidian District, Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road, No. 19A , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jimei Road, No. 1799 , Jimei District, Xiamen 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing Road, No. 18 , Haidian District, Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road, No. 19A , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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Isolation and characterization of a lindane degrading bacteria Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1 and evaluation of its plant growth promoting traits. Int Microbiol 2018; 22:155-167. [PMID: 30810939 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lindane contamination in different environmental compartments is still posing a serious threat to our environment and effective measures need to be taken for the detoxification of lindane. Soil bacteria isolated from agricultural fields are known to possess certain plant growth promoting traits like the production of phytohormones, production of ammonia, nitrogen fixation and solubilization of phosphorus, etc. In the present study, an indigenous bacterial strain Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1 have been isolated from an agricultural field in Manipur, India which could grow on 100 mg L-1 lindane as the sole source of carbon and could degrade up to 90% of lindane in mineral salt media under liquid culture conditions in 8 days. The strain NITDBR1 was able to form biofilm in lindane media and the addition of substrate like glucose and sucrose enhanced the biofilm formation by 1.3 and 1.17-fold respectively in 3 days. The strain NITDBR1 could produce glycolipid and glycoprotein based biosurfactants. It was also found to possess plant growth promoting traits like nitrogen fixation and indole-3-acetic acid production to assist crop production. The phytotoxicity studies carried out on mustard seeds revealed that the degradation products formed after treatment with NITDBR1 could lower the toxicity of lindane for root elongation by 1.3-fold. Therefore, strain NITDBR1 could be useful for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with lindane with lesser damage to the environment, biofilm forming ability may help the bacteria survive under stressed environmental conditions, and biosurfactant production will help in increasing the bioavailability of contaminants. The plant growth promoting traits can be beneficial for agriculture. With such soil friendly activities coupled with pesticide degradation, this strain can be used for environmental as well as agricultural applications.
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Chen H, Yang T, Xia Q, Bowman D, Williams D, Walker JT, Shi W. The extent and pathways of nitrogen loss in turfgrass systems: Age impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:746-757. [PMID: 29758430 PMCID: PMC6064208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen loss from fertilized turf has been a concern for decades, with most research focused on inorganic (NO3-) leaching. The present work examined both inorganic and organic N species in leachate and soil N2O emissions from intact soil cores of a bermudagrass chronosequence (1, 15, 20, and 109 years old) collected in both winter and summer. Measurements of soil N2O emissions were made daily for 3 weeks, while leachate was sampled once a week. Four treatments were established to examine the impacts of fertilization and temperature: no N, low N at 30 kg N ha-1, and high N at 60 kg N ha-1, plus a combination of high N and temperature (13 °C in winter or 33 °C in summer compared to the standard 23 °C). Total reactive N loss generally showed a "cup" pattern of turf age, being lowest for the 20 years old. Averaged across all intact soil cores sampled in winter and summer, organic N leaching accounted for 51% of total reactive N loss, followed by inorganic N leaching at 41% and N2O-N efflux at 8%. Proportional loss among the fractions varied with grass age, season, and temperature and fertilization treatments. While high temperature enhanced total reactive N loss, it had little influence on the partitioning of loss among dissolved organic N, inorganic N and N2O-N when C availability was expected to be high in summer due to rhizodeposition and root turnover. This effect of temperature was perhaps due to higher microbial turnover in response to increased C availability in summer. However when C availability was low in winter, warming might mainly affect microbial growth efficiency and therefore partitioning of N. This work provides a new insight into the interactive controls of warming and substrate availability on dissolved organic N loss from turfgrass systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaihai Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA; Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Tianyou Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel Bowman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David Williams
- Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - John T Walker
- Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Junaidi J, Kallenbach CM, Byrne PF, Fonte SJ. Root traits and root biomass allocation impact how wheat genotypes respond to organic amendments and earthworms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200646. [PMID: 30040842 PMCID: PMC6057726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-soil biological interactions are increasingly recognized as a key feature of agroecosystems, promoting both crop and soil health. However, the effectiveness of plant-soil synergies is likely modulated by both root system characteristics and soil management impacts on soil biological communities. To successfully manage for plant-soil interactions, we need to better understand how crops respond to changes in soil management, especially in terms of belowground investment. Specifically, crop genotypes that exhibit reduced plasticity in root growth and investment may not be able to take full advantage of changes in soil biological activity associated with soil health promoting practices. We hypothesized that genotypes with greater belowground investment respond more, in terms of plant growth and crop nitrogen (N) uptake, to compost and earthworm additions, agronomic factors commonly associated with soil health. We evaluated four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with distinct breeding and environmental histories, and one progenitor of wheat (Aegilops tauschii) under low soil fertility conditions in the greenhouse for differences in belowground root biomass and architecture. We then determined how these belowground traits influenced genotype response to additions of compost and earthworms. Measurements included plant growth, biomass, grain yield, root characteristics, plant N uptake, and soil N. Overall, in unamended soils, genotypes differed in above and belowground phenotypic traits. In general, Ae. tauschii had three times greater root: shoot (R:S) ratio, root length, and root biomass relative to wheat genotypes. We found that genotypes with higher R:S ratios responded more positively to compost additions compared to those with lower R:S ratios, particularly in terms of plant aboveground biomass, N uptake and soil N-cycling, and also exhibited greater plasticity in root morphology. Consequently, while higher R:S genotypes had relatively poorer yields in unamended soils, they outperformed lower R:S genotypes in total seed weight under compost treatments. Our findings suggest that genotypes with greater belowground investment may be better able to take advantage of soil health promoting practices, such as the use of organic amendments. These results highlight the need to consider soil management practices (and associated biological communities) in parallel with root phenotypic plasticity when evaluating wheat lines for improvements in plant-soil synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaidi Junaidi
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Cynthia M. Kallenbach
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Patrick F. Byrne
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Fonte
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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Yuan T, Cheng Y, Huang W, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Shimizu K, Utsumi M. Fertilizer potential of liquid product from hydrothermal treatment of swine manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:166-171. [PMID: 30008406 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared with composting, hydrothermal treatment (HTT) technology can dramatically shorten the duration for manure waste treatment. This study firstly investigated the effect of HTT on solubilization of N, P and organics from swine manure, and then evaluated the phytotoxicity of liquid product from hydrothermally treated manure by seed germination test. Results show that 98% of N in manure could be converted into soluble form after HTT at 200 °C for 60 min. Soluble P in hydrothermally treated manure (at 150 °C for 60 min) was 2.7 times that in raw manure. The germination indices (GI) were all greater than 100% when the liquid product (from HTT at 150 °C for 60 min) or its diluted samples being used. Results from this study suggest that HTT could be a promising technology for producing safe and value-added liquid fertilizers from swine manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yuan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yanfei Cheng
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Gasification and Energy Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Noar JD, Bruno-Bárcena JM. Azotobacter vinelandii: the source of 100 years of discoveries and many more to come. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018. [PMID: 29533747 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Azotobacter vinelandii has been studied for over 100 years since its discovery as an aerobic nitrogen-fixing organism. This species has proved useful for the study of many different biological systems, including enzyme kinetics and the genetic code. It has been especially useful in working out the structures and mechanisms of different nitrogenase enzymes, how they can function in oxic environments and the interactions of nitrogen fixation with other aspects of metabolism. Interest in studying A. vinelandii has waned in recent decades, but this bacterium still possesses great potential for new discoveries in many fields and commercial applications. The species is of interest for research because of its genetic pliability and natural competence. Its features of particular interest to industry are its ability to produce multiple valuable polymers - bioplastic and alginate in particular; its nitrogen-fixing prowess, which could reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer in agriculture and industrial fermentations, via coculture; its production of potentially useful enzymes and metabolic pathways; and even its biofuel production abilities. This review summarizes the history and potential for future research using this versatile microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Noar
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jose M Bruno-Bárcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Zhang ST, Song XN, Li N, Zhang K, Liu GS, Li XD, Wang ZZ, He XB, Wang GF, Shao HF. Influence of high-carbon basal fertiliser on the structure and composition of a soil microbial community under tobacco cultivation. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:115-126. [PMID: 29122672 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in cycling soil nutrients and providing organic nutrients for plant growth and development. Fertilisation balances soil fertility and quality, and affects soil microbial communities. Fertilisation is a frontier subject in agricultural and environmental sciences. Here we showed that the application of high-carbon basal fertiliser treatment could improve the tobacco yield and quality when compared to chemical fertiliser, high-carbon basal fertiliser and mixed high-carbon chemical fertiliser. The potential reason is that different fertiliser treatments influence soil fertility, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and other contents, besides soil organic matter. Further experiments revealed that populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes fluctuated during tobacco development under different fertilisation treatments. Then we performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and the results showed that the fertilisation treatments had significant effects on the microbial community, particularly within the finer taxonomic divisions or non-dominant taxa. Moreover, proteobacteria and fungal genera had significantly different relative abundances during tobacco growth under various tobacco developmental stages and fertilisation treatments. These results indicated that mixed high-carbon chemical fertiliser could improve soil fertility by influencing the soil microorganism, and that the fertilisation treatments impacted on the structure and composition of the microbial community, and especially the diversity of non-dominant taxa. However, more studies are needed to confirm their reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Tobacco Science, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiao-Ning Song
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Tobacco Science, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ning Li
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Tobacco Science, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Tobacco Science, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guo-Shun Liu
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Tobacco Science, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xue-Dong Li
- China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Corporation, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Wang
- Wuyang County Tobacco Branch of Luohe Tobacco Company, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Xiao-Bing He
- China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Corporation, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wang
- Wuyang County Tobacco Branch of Luohe Tobacco Company, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shao
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Tobacco Science, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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