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Jalali M, Buss W, Parviznia F, Jalali M. The status of phosphorus levels in Iranian agricultural soils - a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:842. [PMID: 37318653 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) inputs are essential for maximizing agronomic potential, yet high P inputs and subsequent P losses can cause eutrophication of water bodies. There is a need to evaluate P contents in agricultural soils globally both from an agronomic and environmental perspective. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled mean levels of P contents of Iran. In this study, data on available and total P contents of Iran's calcareous soils was compiled (main focus on Olsen P) and compared to (i) estimated Iranian background and global agricultural soil P contents, and (ii) agronomic and (iii) environmentally critical Olsen P values. The pooled mean estimate from the meta-analysis indicates that the levels of Olsen P across 425 soil samples (27 studies) were 21.3 mg kg-1 and total P across 190 soil samples (12 studies) 805.5 mg kg-1. Using 26 mg kg-1 as the agronomic critical Olsen P value above which no increase in crop yield occurs, crops grown on 61% of the soil samples in the investigated region would respond to P fertilizer and 20% of soils are currently in the optimum category (26-45 mg kg-1 Olsen P). The environmentally critical Olsen P value (~ 63 mg kg-1), defined as the amount above which P leaches from soil rapidly, was exceeded by 11% of soils with a further 4% of soils with elevated eutrophication risk. To maximize crop yields while maintaining a minimal risk of P leaching in Iran's calcareous soils, we suggest an ideal Olsen P of 26 mg kg-1. The outcomes from this study inform about the P status of Iranian soils and could help update recommendations for P fertilizer applications in calcareous soils globally. The framework presented here could further be adopted to evaluate the P status in other soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Wolfram Buss
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Parviznia
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Soong JL, Janssens IA, Grau O, Margalef O, Stahl C, Van Langenhove L, Urbina I, Chave J, Dourdain A, Ferry B, Freycon V, Herault B, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Verbruggen E. Soil properties explain tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, across phosphorus-depleted tropical forests. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2302. [PMID: 32041976 PMCID: PMC7010742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed strong positive relationships between soil properties and forest dynamics of growth and mortality across twelve primary lowland tropical forests in a phosphorus-poor region of the Guiana Shield. Average tree growth (diameter at breast height) increased from 0.81 to 2.1 mm yr-1 along a soil texture gradient from 0 to 67% clay, and increasing metal-oxide content. Soil organic carbon stocks in the top 30 cm ranged from 30 to 118 tons C ha-1, phosphorus content ranged from 7 to 600 mg kg-1 soil, and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ranged from 0 to 50%, all positively correlating with soil clay, and iron and aluminum oxide and hydroxide content. In contrast, already low extractable phosphorus (Bray P) content decreased from 4.4 to <0.02 mg kg-1 in soil with increasing clay content. A greater prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in more clayey forests that had higher tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, indicates that despite the greater investment in nutrient uptake required, soils with higher clay content may actually serve to sustain high tree growth in tropical forests by avoiding phosphorus losses from the ecosystem. Our study demonstrates how variation in soil properties that retain carbon and nutrients can help to explain variation in tropical forest growth and mortality, but not biomass, by requiring niche specialization and contributing to biogeochemical diversification across this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Soong
- Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Oriol Grau
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CIRAD, UMR Ecofog (AgroParisTech, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Olga Margalef
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRAE, UMR, Ecofog, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, France
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Ifigenia Urbina
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jerome Chave
- Paul Sabatier University, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurelie Dourdain
- CIRAD, UMR Ecofog (AgroParisTech, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Ferry
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Freycon
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Herault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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Audette Y, O'Halloran IP, Nowell PM, Dyer R, Kelly R, Voroney RP. Speciation of Phosphorus from Agricultural Muck Soils to Stream and Lake Sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:884-892. [PMID: 30025054 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.02.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The nature and management of agricultural soils can influence the forms of legacy P present in affected sediments; however, few studies have specifically characterized P in sediments affected by polder agriculture. In this study, the speciation of P as it flows from the muck soils of the Holland Marsh to the sediments of the West Holland River and Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, was investigated. The distribution of P fractions and the characterization of organic P were analyzed by the sequential fractionation method and solution P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Organic P was the predominant P form (∼58% of total P) in muck soils, whereas the redox-sensitive P fraction was predominant in surface stream sediments rich in organic matter (∼41-48% of total P), despite these sediments exhibiting near-neutral pH and high concentrations of both Ca and P. The proportion of relatively recalcitrant organic P forms was much greater in the muck soils than that exhibited by both stream and lake sediments. The decreasing proportion of recalcitrant organic P forms in sediments downstream from the Holland Marsh indicated the potential for faster organic P cycling. Our findings support the notion that diesters and pyrophosphate should be monitored, in addition to loosely bound inorganic P, due to their potential impact on water quality. The unique environment of the streams and lake area is considered to be particularly vulnerable to excessive fertilizer P use in adjacent croplands.
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Rupp H, Meissner R, Leinweber P. Plant available phosphorus in soil as predictor for the leaching potential: Insights from long-term lysimeter studies. AMBIO 2018; 47:103-113. [PMID: 29159455 PMCID: PMC5722743 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of phosphorus (P) mineral fertilization on topsoil P content and P leaching. We evaluated 83 datasets from 25 years from lysimeter experiments involving different cropping systems (winter crop, summer crop and autumn tillage, harvested grass) or unfertilized fallow, four types of soil texture, and three levels of applied mineral P fertilizer. A positive monotonic and significant correlation was indicated between P in the topsoil determined by the double lactate method (P DL) and the yearly flow-weight total (TP) concentrations in leachates with Spearman rank correlations r s (r s > 0.183) and probability (p) < 0.05. The present German recommended rates of P mineral fertilization are proposed insufficient to protect fresh and marine waters from undesired P pollution and eutrophication. A long-term reduction of excess soil P is urgent along with other measures to mitigate high P inputs to surface and ground waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Rupp
- Department Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Lysimeter Station, Falkenberg 55, 39615 Altmaerkische Wische, Germany
| | - Ralph Meissner
- Department Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Lysimeter Station, Falkenberg 55, 39615 Altmaerkische Wische, Germany
| | - Peter Leinweber
- University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Jalali M, Jalali M. Assessment risk of phosphorus leaching from calcareous soils using soil test phosphorus. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:106-117. [PMID: 28013073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of phosphorus (P) leaching is important because excess P may reduce surface and ground water quality. Little attention has been paid to estimate P leaching from soil tests in calcareous soils. The relation between different soil tests P (STP), P sorption index (PSI) and degree of P saturation (DPS) and leaching of P were examined for assessing the risk of P loss from calcareous soils. Columns leaching repacked with native soils were leached with either distilled water or 10 mM CaCl2 solutions, separately. Four leaching events were performed at four days, and 28.7 mm of distilled water or 10 mM CaCl2 solutions was applied at each leaching events. Compared with distilled water, CaCl2 had a small ability to solubilize P from soils. Concentration of P in leachate in both leaching solutions was exceeding 0.1 mg l-1 associated with eutrophication. Cumulative P leached P was ranged from 0.17 to 18.59 mg P kg-1 and 0.21-8.16 mg P kg-1, when distilled water and 10 mM CaCl2 solutions were applied, respectively and it was higher in sandy clay loam soils compared with clay soils. Among evaluated environmental soil P tests, PCaCl2-3h (P extracted by 10 mM CaCl2 for 3 h), PCaCl2-1h (P extracted by 10 mM CaCl2 for 1 h) were more accurate than other soil P tests for predicting P concentration in the leachates in both leaching solutions and accounting for 83% and 72% of variation of P concentration, respectively. The water extractable P (WEP) (r = 0.771) and Olsen-P (POls)(r = 0.739) were significantly related to the leached P concentration using distilled water solution in a split line model, with a change point of 27.4 mg P kg-1 and 61.5 mg P kg-1, respectively. Various DPS were calculated and related to the leached P concentration. Based on P extracted by Mehlich-3 (PM3) and HCl (PHCl) and PSI, the change point of the relationship between leached P concentration and DPSM3-3 (PM3(PM3+PSI)×100) and DPSHCl-2 (PHCl(PHCl+PSI)×100) for both leaching solutions was approximately the same, thus a mean value of 49% for DPSM3-3 and 73% for DPSHCl-2 was obtained. Soils were grouped into four categories of increasing P leaching potential based on WEP, POls, and DPSM3-3. The results indicated that 8.00%-25.50% of the soil grouped in no risk category whereas 8.00%-13.70% of the soils fell into the high risk category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Hamadan, Iran
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