1
|
Azizollahi M, Ghasemi HA, Foroudi F, Hajkhodadadi I. Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of aged laying hens fed diets with varying substitution levels of corn with low-tannin sorghum. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103297. [PMID: 38104413 PMCID: PMC10765105 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in diets containing varying levels of corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum (LTS) for laying hens in the later stage of production. In a 12-wk study, a total of 288 laying hens at 52 wk of age were divided into 6 treatment groups. Each treatment group had 8 replicates, each of which consisted of 6 hens. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used to investigate the impact of substituting corn with LTS at 3 levels (100% corn, 50% LTS, and 100% LTS) with 2 doses of GAA supplementation (0 and 0.6 g/kg). The results indicate that there were interaction effects (P < 0.05) between diet type and GAA supplementation on protein digestibility and AMEn, with the GAA supplement being more effective in the 100% LTS group. Replacing corn with LTS at both levels had no negative effects on performance and metabolic profile. In contrast, the 100% LTS diet increased monounsaturated fatty acids in the yolk (P < 0.05), but decreased the yolk color index, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the yolk, ileal digestibility of energy, and AMEn when compared to the 100% corn diet (P < 0.05). Regardless of the diet, dietary supplementation with GAA resulted in increases (P < 0.05) in shell-breaking strength, the PUFA to SFA ratio in egg yolk, and concentrations of creatine and nitric oxide in serum. There was also a decrease (P < 0.05) in serum malondialdehyde concentration with GAA supplementation. In conclusion, the positive effects of GAA on protein digestibility and AMEn were found to be more pronounced when corn was completely replaced with LTS. However, the positive effects of GAA on egg-laying performance, eggshell quality, antioxidant status, and yolk fatty acid composition remained consistent regardless of the extent to which corn was substituted with LTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| | - Farhad Foroudi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liermann W, Halle I, Frahm J, Hüther L, Weigend S, Kühn J, Stangl GI, Dänicke S. Genotype-dependent impact of dietary vitamin D 3 on laying hens. Arch Anim Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37263588 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2212574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 has an integral part in calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis, which in turn plays a key role in egg production of hens. The present study aimed to investigate whether an additional vitamin D3 supplementation improves the laying performance and egg quality of hens according to their genetic potential. For this purpose, four layer lines (low performing: R11 and L68; high performing: WLA and BLA) supplemented either with 300 or 3000 IU vitamin D3 per kg feed were compared concerning serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3), calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), laying performance and egg quality. The higher supplementation of vitamin D3 increased 25-OHD3 serum concentrations in all genotypes, except for R11 and WLA hens in week 49, and also elevated vitamin D3 and 25-OHD3 content in the egg yolk (p < 0.05). In week 29, 3000 IU vitamin D3 decreased pooled least squares means (LSMeans) of serum calcium concentrations considering all genotypes and increased the ALP concentrations in BLA hens (p < 0.05). Considering the whole experimental period daily egg mass of R11 hens was increased by an additional vitamin D3 supplementation (p < 0.001). Regarding all genotypes and the whole experimental period the pooled LSMeans of breaking strength of eggs from hens fed 3000 IU vitamin D3 were higher than those of hens fed 300 IU (p = 0.044). In conclusion, present results give evidence that the higher vitamin D3 supplementation might have genotype-dependently beneficial effects on calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis of hens, which might improve feed efficiency in the early laying period and promote the persistence of the laying period irrespectively of genotype. The increase of serum 25-OHD3 by the higher vitamin D supplementation supported the higher transfer of vitamin D in the egg yolk and improved genotype-dependently the breaking strength of the eggshell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Liermann
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ("Oskar-Kellner"), Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ingrid Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Institute for Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Julia Kühn
- Institute for Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Höhne A, Petow S, Bessei W, Schrader L. Contrafreeloading and foraging-related behavior in hens differing in laying performance and phylogenetic origin. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102489. [PMID: 36764137 PMCID: PMC9929851 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Different breeds of domestic and junglefowl differ in foraging strategies indicating that domestication resulted in modified energy saving behavioral strategies. In the present study we investigated foraging strategies and foraging-related behavior in 4 lines of laying hens differing in phylogenetic origin and laying performance to analyze a possible relationship between foraging and the level of egg production. High performing brown and white pure bred lines were compared with their low performing brown and white counterparts. To control possible effects on behavior other than genetic effects, all hens were reared and kept in an identical environment. A total of 72 hens from each line were kept in 6 compartments with 12 hens per compartment, respectively. Observations were done for 3 times during one laying period. Foraging strategy was tested by a contrafreeloading (CFL) paradigm. CFL describes a behavior in which animals prefer food that requires effort to obtain, although at the same time food is freely available. The hens were offered a commercial standard diet in one trough and a mixture of wood shavings and commercial standard diet in another trough. The behavior of hens was video recorded and the activity level of individual hens in the litter area was recorded by an antenna-transponder system. The high performing layers showed less CFL and foraging-related behavior compared with their low performing counterparts in both the white and brown layers. Despite differences in CFL, all hens showed a preference for the commercial standard diet compared to the mixture of wood-shavings. Our results show an association between foraging strategy and level of egg production. This suggests that a high level of egg production is accompanied by behaviors enabling the hens to satisfy their higher energy demand more efficiently. Saving energy by reduced activity probably allows them to reallocate energy into reproduction, that is, laying performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Höhne
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany,Corresponding author:
| | - S. Petow
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| | - W. Bessei
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
| | - L. Schrader
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun M, Ma N, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Ma B, Jiao H, Lin H. The optimal dietary arginine level of laying hens fed with low-protein diets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:63. [PMID: 35715827 PMCID: PMC9206374 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arginine (Arg) is an essential amino acid (EAA) in poultry, an important substrate for protein synthesis and a precursor of several molecules. Supplementation of EAAs with low protein (LP) diet increases the utilization efficiency of dietary crude protein (CP). However, if the EAA requirement is changed in hens fed a LP diet remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the optimal level of dietary Arg in the LP diet of hens. A total of 1350 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments: a basal diet (16% CP, positive control), or an isoenergetic LP diet (14% CP, 0.80% Arg) supplemented 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% L-Arg, corresponding to 0.80%, 0.85%, 0.90%, 0.95% and 1.00% dietary Arg, respectively. Results The feed efficiency was decreased (P < 0.05) by 0.80% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets, compared to control. Within LP diets, dietary Arg level had significant quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on laying rate, egg mass, and feed efficiency. Compared to control, the plasma CAT activity or T-AOC content were decreased by 0.80% (P < 0.001). However, the hens offered 0.85% and 0.90% Arg-LP diets had higher CAT activity (P < 0.001) than 0.80% Arg-LP diet. In contrast, 1.00% Arg-LP group had the highest MDA and the lowest T-AOC content in plasma, liver, duodenal and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). Compared to control, the villus height was decreased by 0.80%, 0.95% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets, while the villus height to crypt depth (V/C) ratio was reduced by 0.95% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets in duodenum. Conclusion The result demonstrates that LP diet (14% CP) deficient in Arg (0.80% Arg) result in augmented oxidative damage and impaired development of intestinal mucosa. According to the quadratic broken-line regression model, the optimal dietary arginine levels for Hy-Line Brown laying hens fed with low protein diet (14% CP) aged 33 to 40 weeks are 0.85%, 0.86%, and 0.86% to obtained the maximum laying rate, egg mass, and feed efficiency, respectively. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00719-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baishun Ma
- Shandong He-Mei-Hua Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan City, 250101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou JM, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Wu SG. Effect of dietary serine supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed a low crude protein diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101465. [PMID: 34634711 PMCID: PMC8517201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Ser on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed low crude protein (LCP), essential amino acids (EAA) balanced diets. A total of 480 Hy-Line Brown layers at 24 wk of age were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments included a control diet (16.49% CP), and 4 LCP, EAA balanced diets (14.05% CP) supplemented with 0, 0.114%, 0.306%, 0.498% L-Ser, respectively. Dietary Ser supplementation linearly increased hen-day egg production (HDEP; P < 0.05) and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05) among LCP groups from wk 6 to 10, and the optimal HDEP of layers occurred at Ser level of 0.498%. At the end of wk 10, birds in the control had higher albumen height and thick white proportion than those fed the LCP diet without Ser addition (P < 0.05), and presented a lower yolk color score than all LCP groups (P < 0.05). Among LCP groups, serum total protein and globulin contents were significantly increased by dietary Ser addition at the levels of 0.306% and 0.498% (P < 0.05), and had a linear response to the supplemental Ser levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary 0.498% Ser supplementation significantly increased serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M contents (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of mucin 2, secretory immunoglobulin A, and relevant glycosyltransferases of O-glycosylation in ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). The increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-1β induced by LCP diets (P < 0.05) was reversed following 0.498% Ser addition (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary CP reduction by 2.44% could maintain the productive performance of layers when it was fortified with certain EAA, though poor albumen quality, and ileal inflammation were occurred. The addition of Ser to LCP diets improved performance probably through enhancing humoral and ileal mucosal immunity and attenuating the ileal inflammation of layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sreekantapuram S, Berens C, Barth SA, Methner U, Berndt A. Interaction of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Enteritidis with peripheral leucocytes of hens with different laying performance. Vet Res 2021; 52:123. [PMID: 34563266 PMCID: PMC8467188 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Gallinarum (SG) cause different diseases in chickens. However, both are able to reach the blood stream where heterophils and monocytes are potentially able to phagocytose and kill the pathogens. Using an ex vivo chicken whole blood infection model, we compared the complex interactions of the differentially host-adapted SE and SG with immune cells in blood samples of two White Leghorn chicken lines showing different laying performance (WLA: high producer; R11: low producer). In order to examine the dynamic interaction between peripheral blood leucocytes and the Salmonella serovars, we performed flow cytometric analyses and survival assays measuring (i) leucocyte numbers, (ii) pathogen association with immune cells, (iii) Salmonella viability and (iv) immune gene transcription in infected whole blood over a four-hour co-culture period. Inoculation of blood from the two chicken lines with Salmonella led primarily to an interaction of the bacteria with monocytes, followed by heterophils and thrombocytes. We found higher proportions of monocytes associated with SE than with SG. In blood samples of high producing chickens, a decrease in the numbers of both heterophils and Salmonella was observed. The Salmonella challenge induced transcription of interleukin-8 (IL-8) which was more pronounced in SG- than SE-inoculated blood of R11. In conclusion, the stronger interaction of monocytes with SE than SG and the better survivability of Salmonella in blood of low-producer chickens shows that the host-pathogen interaction and the strength of the immune defence depend on both the Salmonella serovar and the chicken line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sravya Sreekantapuram
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Barth
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Methner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Angela Berndt
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dao HT, Sharma NK, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Response of laying hens to l-arginine, l-citrulline and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in reduced protein diet. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:460-471. [PMID: 34258434 PMCID: PMC8245824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted with Hy-Line Brown laying hens to examine the effects of reduced protein diet, deficiency of arginine (Arg), and addition of crystalline Arg, citrulline (Cit) and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) as substitutes for Arg. Hen performance, egg quality, serum uric acid, liver and reproductive organ weights, and energy and protein digestibility were measured using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments. Treatments were a standard diet (17% protein diet; SP), a reduced diet (13% protein diet deficient in Arg; RP) and RP with added Arg (0.35%, RP-Arg), GAA (0.46% equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-GAA) or Cit (0.35%, RP-Cit) to the level of SP. It was hypothesized that performance would decrease with Arg deficient RP diet and the addition of GAA or Cit in RP would allow birds to perform similar or greater than Arg-added RP treatment. The experiment was conducted from 20 to 39 wk of age but the treatment effect was seen only after 29 wk of age. The birds offered RP had reduced egg and albumin weights (P < 0.01), lower yolk color score (P < 0.01), lower protein intake and excretion (P < 0.01) than those offered SP. When Arg or Cit were added to RP to make them equivalent to SP, feed intake (FI) and egg production were not different than those of RP (P > 0.05). The birds offered RP-GAA decreased FI and egg production (P < 0.01) compared to those offered RP. The addition of Arg, Cit or GAA to the RP had no effect on egg quality parameters, protein and energy digestibilities (P > 0.05). However, birds offered the RP-Cit diet tended to have higher Haugh unit (P = 0.095) and lower shell breaking strength (P = 0.088) compared to all other treatments while those offered RP-GAA had higher energy digestibility (P < 0.05) than all other groups but RP. The limited performance response of hens fed RP with added Arg, GAA, or Cit may be due to deficiency of some other nutrients in RP such as phenylalanine, potassium or non-essential amino acids and other components of soybean meal in the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, 2351, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nishchal K. Sharma
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, 2351, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma J. Bradbury
- Ridley AgriProducts, Level 4, 565 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, 2351, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keel Bone Damage in Laying Hens-Its Relation to Bone Mineral Density, Body Growth Rate and Laying Performance. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061546. [PMID: 34070496 PMCID: PMC8228274 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Keel bone damage is an important welfare issue for laying hens. Four lines of laying hens, differing in phylogenetic origin and laying rate kept in single cages or a floor housing system were weighed and deformities of the keel bone were evaluated regularly between 15 and 69 weeks of age. Deformities, fractures and the bone mineral density of the keels were assessed after hens were euthanized. We analyzed the relationship between bone mineral density and total egg number as well as body growth. Hens kept in cages showed more deformities, but fewer fractures and a lower bone mineral density of the keel bone than did floor-housed hens. Keel bones of white-egg layers had a lower mineral density and were more often deformed compared with brown-egg layers. Keel bones were more often broken in hens of the layer lines with a high laying rate compared to the lines with a moderate laying rate. Laying rate and adult body weight had an effect on the keel bone mineral density. The study contributes to the understanding of factors causing keel bone damage in laying hens. It showed that the bone mineral density greatly affects keel bone deformities. Abstract Keel bone damage is an important animal welfare problem in laying hens. Two generations of four layer lines, differing in phylogenetic background and performance level and kept in single cages or floor pens were weighed and scored for keel bone deformities (KBD) during the laying period. KBD, keel bone fractures (KBF) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the keels were assessed post mortem. For BMD, relationships to laying performance and body growth were estimated. Caged hens showed more deformities, but fewer fractures and a lower BMD of the keel bone than floor-housed hens. White-egg layers had a lower BMD (0.140–0.165 g/cm2) and more KBD than brown-egg layers (0.179–0.184 g/cm2). KBF occurred more often in the high-performing lines than the moderate-performing ones. However, in the high-performing lines, BMD was positively related to total egg number from 18 to 29 weeks of age. The adult body weight derived from fitted growth curves (Gompertz function) had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on keels’ BMD. The study contributes to the understanding of predisposing factors for keel bone damage in laying hens. It showed that the growth rate has a rather subordinate effect on keels’ BMD, while the BMD itself greatly affects KBD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Related to Bone Stability in Laying Hens Using Random Forests. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050702. [PMID: 34066823 PMCID: PMC8151682 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders, including fractures and osteoporosis, in laying hens cause major welfare and economic problems. Although genetics have been shown to play a key role in bone integrity, little is yet known about the underlying genetic architecture of the traits. This study aimed to identify genes associated with bone breaking strength and bone mineral density of the tibiotarsus and the humerus in laying hens. Potentially informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified using Random Forests classification. We then searched for genes known to be related to bone stability in close proximity to the SNPs and identified 16 potential candidates. Some of them had human orthologues. Based on our findings, we can support the assumption that multiple genes determine bone strength, with each of them having a rather small effect, as illustrated by our SNP effect estimates. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis showed that some of these candidates are involved in metabolic pathways critical for bone integrity. In conclusion, the identified candidates represent genes that may play a role in the bone integrity of chickens. Although further studies are needed to determine causality, the genes reported here are promising in terms of alleviating bone disorders in laying hens.
Collapse
|
10
|
Macelline SP, Toghyani M, Chrystal PV, Selle PH, Liu SY. Amino acid requirements for laying hens: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101036. [PMID: 33770542 PMCID: PMC8024705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to consolidate the relevant published data examining amino acid requirements of layer hens and to reach a new set of recommendation based on these data. There are inconsistences in lysine, sulphur-containing amino acids, threonine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine recommendations in data that have surfaced since 1994. This review finds that breed, age, basal diet composition, and assessment method have contributed toward inconsistencies in amino acid recommendations. Presently, the development of reduced-protein diets for layer hens is receiving increasing attention because of the demand for sustainable production. This involves quite radical changes in diet composition with inclusions of nonbound, essential and nonessential amino acids. Increasing inclusions of nonbound amino acids into layer diets modifies protein digestive dynamics, and it may influence amino acid requirements in layer hens. This review considers present amino acid recommendations for layer hens and proposes refinements that may better serve the needs of the layer industry in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shemil P Macelline
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mehdi Toghyani
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter V Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia; Baiada Poultry Pty Limited, Pendle Hill 2145 NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sonia Yun Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bone Health or Performance? Adaptation Response of Genetically Divergent Chicken Layer Lines to a Nutritive Calcium Depletion. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091645. [PMID: 32937747 PMCID: PMC7552123 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Selection for high egg production in laying hens has led to an increased calcium requirement and consequently to an intensified calcium mobilization from the bones. However, excessive demineralization can lead to osteoporosis, which is manifested by a high incidence of bone-damaged hens. In this study, we characterized the adaptation response of laying hens to a repeated dietary calcium restriction (1.09% instead of 4.26% calcium) by means of egg production, eggshell quality, body weight and bone stability. The animal model included four layer lines differing in performance level (high vs. moderately performing lines) and phylogenetic origin (white-egg vs. brown-egg layers). We assumed that the high performing lines would respond by maintaining egg production level at the expense of eggshell quality and bone health. Egg production and eggshell quality declined considerably and bone demineralization occurred in all lines. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was evidence that phylogeny rather than performance level influenced the hens′ response. The brown-egg lines appeared to be more tolerant to the calcium depletion, while the white-egg lines were more sensitive. Our findings demonstrate the influence of genetics on the adaptive capacity of chickens and underline the importance of preserving genetic variability to cope with potential future environmental challenges. Abstract In modern laying hybrids, calcium (Ca) homeostasis is immensely challenged by daily eggshell calcification. However, excessive mobilization of Ca from bones may lead to osteoporosis, which then manifests in a high incidence of poor bone quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the hens’ adaptation response to an alternating dietary Ca restriction. The animal model consisted of four purebred layer lines, differing in laying performance (high vs. moderately performing lines) and phylogenetic origin (white- vs. brown-egg lines). According to the resource allocation theory, hens selected for high egg production were assumed to show a different response pattern to cope with this nutritive challenge compared to moderately performing lines. Data collected included egg number, egg quality traits, body weight and bone characteristics. The Ca depletion led to a temporary drop in egg production and shell quality and a loss of bone stability due to Ca mobilization. The white-egg lines response was more pronounced, whereas the brown-egg lines were less sensitive towards reduced Ca supply. Our study shows that the hens’ responsiveness to coping with a nutritive Ca depletion is not ultimately linked to genetic selection for increased egg production but rather to phylogenetic origin.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chickens in motion: Effects of egg production level and pen size on the motor abilities and bone stability of laying hens (Gallus gallus forma domestica). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
More eggs but less social and more fearful? Differences in behavioral traits in relation to the phylogenetic background and productivity level in laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Dudde A, Krause ET, Matthews LR, Schrader L. More Than Eggs - Relationship Between Productivity and Learning in Laying Hens. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2000. [PMID: 30416464 PMCID: PMC6212530 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense selection of chickens for production traits, such as egg laying, is thought to cause undesirable side effects and changes in behavior. Trade-offs resulting from energy expenditure in productivity may influence other traits: in order to sustain energetic costs for high egg production, energy expenditure may be redirected away from specific behavioral traits. For example, such energetic trade-offs may change the hens' cognitive abilities. Therefore, we hypothesized highly productive laying hens to show reduced learning performance in comparison to moderate productive lines. We examined the learning ability of four chicken lines that differed in laying performance (200 versus 300 eggs/year) and phylogenetic origin (brown/white layer; respectively, within performance). In total 61 hens were tested in semi-automated Skinner boxes in a three-phase learning paradigm (initial learning, reversal learning, extinction). To measure the hens' learning performance within each phase, we compared the number of active decisions needed to fulfill a learning criteria (80% correct choices for learning, 70% no responses at extinction) using linear models. Differences between the proportions of hens per line that reached criterion on each phase of the learning tasks were analyzed by using a Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. A greater proportion of high productive hens achieved the learning criteria on each phase compared to less productive hens (Chi2 3 = 8.25, p = 0.041). Furthermore, high productive hens accomplished the learning criteria after fewer active decisions in the initial phase (p = 0.012) and in extinction (p = 0.004) compared to the less selected lines. Phylogenetic origin was associated with differences in learning in extinction. Our results contradict our hypothesis and indicate that the selection for productivity traits has led to changes in learning behavior and the high productive laying hens possessed a better learning strategy compared to moderate productive hens in a feeding-rewarding context. This better performance may be a response to constraints resulting from high selection as it may enable these hens to efficiently acquire additional energy resources. Underlying mechanisms for this may be directly related to differences in neuronal structure or indirectly to foraging strategies and changes in personality traits such as fearfulness and sociality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Dudde
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - E. Tobias Krause
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
| | - Lindsay R. Matthews
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Lindsay Matthews Research International, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lars Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Krause ET, Schrader L. High, low, or familiar? Nest site preferences of experienced laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:359-364. [PMID: 29701510 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1470318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate which nest heights are preferred by laying hens in the absence of familiar nest locations and whether preferred nest heights are more attractive than a familiar location. In two experiments, a total of 108 hens of four different layer breeds, which were at least 50 weeks of age, were studied. 2. In the first experiment, hens were given individual free choice between nests for 1-week at four different heights (0 cm, 39 cm, 78 cm, and 117 cm above ground). Hens of the four breeds differed in their nest height preferences (P = 0.0013). However, hens of three breeds preferred ground level nests (P < 0.007) and the fourth line showed an equal preference for the ground level and level three, the latter level corresponding to the height of the nests in their home compartments. 4. In the second experiment, hens from the four breeds were given a choice between ground level nests and nests at a familiar location, i.e. at the same location as in their home compartment. Hens of all strains preferred the familiar nest location (P = 0.002) and preferences did not differ between strains (P = 0.77). 5. Laying hens seem to prefer nests at ground level in the absence of a familiar nest. However, if possible, experienced 50 week old hens continue to use a familiar nest location instead of a ground nest location. The results are discussed with respect to a potential primary preference that may be modifiable by experience and with respect to possible relevance in commercial housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E T Krause
- a Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry , Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Celle , Germany
| | - L Schrader
- a Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry , Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Celle , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xia W, Fouad AM, Chen W, Ruan D, Wang S, Fan Q, Wang Y, Cui Y, Zheng C. Estimation of dietary arginine requirements for Longyan laying ducks. Poult Sci 2017; 96:144-150. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
17
|
Polasky C, Weigend S, Schrader L, Berndt A. Non-specific activation of CD8α-characterised γδ T cells in PBL cultures of different chicken lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Lieboldt MA, Halle I, Frahm J, Schrader L, Weigend S, Preisinger R, Breves G, Dänicke S. Effects of Graded Dietary L-arginine Supply on Organ Growth in Four Genetically Diverse Layer Lines during Rearing Period. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:136-148. [PMID: 32908376 PMCID: PMC7477283 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information has been available about the influence of genetic background and dietary L-arginine (Arg) supply on organ growth of chickens. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of a graded ad libitum Arg supply providing 70, 100 and 200% of recommended Arg concentration on organ growth of female chickens from hatch to 18 weeks of age. The chickens derived from four layer lines of different phylogeny (white vs. brown) and laying performance (high vs. low). Based on residual feed and absolute body and organ weights recorded in six-week-intervals, feed consumption, changes of relative organ weights and allometric organ growth were compared between experimental groups. Surplus Arg caused higher feed intake than insufficient Arg (p<0.01) that induced growth depression in turn (p <0.05). During the entire trial chicken's heart, gizzard and liver decreased relatively to their body growth (p<0.001) and showed strong positive correlations among each other. On the contrary, proportions of pancreas and lymphoid organs increased until week 12 (p<0.001) and correlated positively among each other. Due to their opposite growth behaviour (p<0.001), internal organs were assigned to two separate groups. Furthermore, insufficient Arg induced larger proportions of bursa, gizzard and liver compared with a higher Arg supply (p<0.05). In contrast to less Arg containing diets, surplus Arg decreased relative spleen weights (p<0.01). The overall allometric evaluation of data indicated a precocious development of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas and bursa independent of chicken's genetic and nutritional background. However, insufficient Arg retarded the maturation of spleen and thymus compared with an adequate Arg supply. In conclusion, the present results emphasised the essential function of Arg in layer performance, and indicated different sensitivities of internal organs rather to chicken's dietary Arg supply than to their genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Alexander Lieboldt
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Ingrid Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Lars Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Dörnbergstraße 25-27, Celle 29223, Germany
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Höltystraße 10, Neustadt-Mariensee 31535, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lieboldt MA, Frahm J, Halle I, Schrader L, Weigend S, Preisinger R, Breves G, Dänicke S. Haematological and febrile response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in 12-week-old cockerels of genetically diverse layer lines fed diets with increasing L-arginine levels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:743-754. [PMID: 27080348 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to its decisive function in the avian metabolic, endocrine and immune system L-arginine (Arg) is dietary indispensable for chickens. In 12-week-old cockerels of two high- and two low-performing purebred layer lines, the effects of increasing dietary Arg on the haematological and febrile response were studied over 48 h after single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The offered diets contained Arg equivalent to 70%, 100% and 200% of recommended supply. Pathophysiological alterations in weight gain, feed intake, body temperature and differential blood count were examined in comparison with their physiological initial values. Within the first 24 h after LPS injection, cockerels reduced feed intake and lost body weight subsequently. Thereby, low-performing genotypes lost body weight to a lesser extent than high-performing ones. The loss of body weight was further intensified by deficient dietary Arg. Within the following 24 h, cockerels recovered by improving feed intake and weight gain. Furthermore, LPS induced genotype-specific fever response: both brown genotypes showed initial hypothermia followed by longer lasting moderate hyperthermia, whereas the white genotypes exhibited biphasic hyperthermia. Fever response was accompanied by significant changes in differential blood counts. Characterized by lymphopenia and heterophilia, a severe leucopenia was observed from 4 to 8 h after LPS injection and replaced by a marked leucocytosis with longer lasting monocytosis up to 48 h after LPS injection. Under given pathophysiological conditions, deficiently Arg-supplied cockerels showed higher total leucocyte counts than adequately and excessively Arg-supplied cockerels. However, deficient and surplus dietary Arg tended to cause higher ratios between heterophils and lymphocytes. To conclude, present results confirmed that LPS induced numerous immunological changes in 12-week-old cockerels and emphasized that chicken's genotype is a source of variation to be considered for immunological studies. Deficient dietary Arg intensified acute changes in differential blood counts and weight gain during LPS-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-A Lieboldt
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - I Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
| | - S Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | | | - G Breves
- Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lieboldt MA, Frahm J, Halle I, Görs S, Schrader L, Weigend S, Preisinger R, Metges CC, Breves G, Dänicke S. Metabolic and clinical response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in layer pullets of different genetic backgrounds supplied with graded dietary L-arginine. Poult Sci 2016; 95:595-611. [PMID: 26740139 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M A Lieboldt
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - J Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - I Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - S Görs
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - L Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Celle 29223, Germany
| | - S Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Neustadt-Mariensee 31535, Germany
| | | | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - G Breves
- Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| |
Collapse
|