1
|
Cassedy A, Parle-McDermott A, O’Kennedy R. Virus Detection: A Review of the Current and Emerging Molecular and Immunological Methods. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:637559. [PMID: 33959631 PMCID: PMC8093571 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.637559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous in the environment. While many impart no deleterious effects on their hosts, several are major pathogens. This risk of pathogenicity, alongside the fact that many viruses can rapidly mutate highlights the need for suitable, rapid diagnostic measures. This review provides a critical analysis of widely used methods and examines their advantages and limitations. Currently, nucleic-acid detection and immunoassay methods are among the most popular means for quickly identifying viral infection directly from source. Nucleic acid-based detection generally offers high sensitivity, but can be time-consuming, costly, and require trained staff. The use of isothermal-based amplification systems for detection could aid in the reduction of results turnaround and equipment-associated costs, making them appealing for point-of-use applications, or when high volume/fast turnaround testing is required. Alternatively, immunoassays offer robustness and reduced costs. Furthermore, some immunoassay formats, such as those using lateral-flow technology, can generate results very rapidly. However, immunoassays typically cannot achieve comparable sensitivity to nucleic acid-based detection methods. Alongside these methods, the application of next-generation sequencing can provide highly specific results. In addition, the ability to sequence large numbers of viral genomes would provide researchers with enhanced information and assist in tracing infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cassedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - R. O’Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prasannakumar MK, Parivallal PB, Pramesh D, Mahesh HB, Raj E. LAMP-based foldable microdevice platform for the rapid detection of Magnaporthe oryzae and Sarocladium oryzae in rice seed. Sci Rep 2021; 11:178. [PMID: 33420312 PMCID: PMC7794292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice blast (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) and sheath rot diseases (caused by Sarocladium oryzae) are the most predominant seed-borne pathogens of rice. The detection of both pathogens in rice seed is essential to avoid production losses. In the present study, a microdevice platform was designed, which works on the principles of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. Initially, a LAMP, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and helicase dependent amplification (HDA) assays were developed with primers, specifically targeting M. oryzae and S. oryzae genome. The LAMP assay was highly efficient and could detect the presence of M. oryzae and S. oryzae genome at a concentration down to 100 fg within 20 min at 60 °C. Further, the sensitivity of the LAMP, HDA, PCR, and qPCR assays were compared wherein; the LAMP assay was highly sensitive up to 100 fg of template DNA. Using the optimized LAMP assay conditions, a portable foldable microdevice platform was developed to detect M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. The foldable microdevice assay was similar to that of conventional LAMP assay with respect to its sensitivity (up to 100 fg), rapidity (30 min), and specificity. This platform could serve as a prototype for developing on-field diagnostic kits to be used at the point of care centers for the rapid diagnosis of M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. This is the first study to report a LAMP-based foldable microdevice platform to detect any plant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Prasannakumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - P Buela Parivallal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Devanna Pramesh
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.
| | - H B Mahesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya, India
| | - Edwin Raj
- Plant Pathology Division, ICAR - National Research Center for Banana, Thayanur, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suea-Ngam A, Bezinge L, Mateescu B, Howes PD, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Enzyme-Assisted Nucleic Acid Detection for Infectious Disease Diagnostics: Moving toward the Point-of-Care. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2701-2723. [PMID: 32838523 PMCID: PMC7485284 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Driven by complex and interconnected factors, including population growth, climate change, and geopolitics, infectious diseases represent one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Diagnostic technologies are the first line of defense in the fight against infectious disease, providing critical information to inform epidemiological models, track diseases, decide treatment choices, and ultimately prevent epidemics. The diagnosis of infectious disease at the genomic level using nucleic acid disease biomarkers has proven to be the most effective approach to date. Such methods rely heavily on enzymes to specifically amplify or detect nucleic acids in complex samples, and significant effort has been exerted to harness the power of enzymes for in vitro nucleic acid diagnostics. Unfortunately, significant challenges limit the potential of enzyme-assisted nucleic acid diagnostics, particularly when translating diagnostic technologies from the lab toward the point-of-use or point-of-care. Herein, we discuss the current state of the field and highlight cross-disciplinary efforts to solve the challenges associated with the successful deployment of this important class of diagnostics at or near the point-of-care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute,
Medical Faculty of the University of
Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057
Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jang WS, Lim DH, Nam J, Mihn DC, Sung HW, Lim CS, Kim J. Development of a multiplex isothermal amplification molecular diagnosis method for on-site diagnosis of influenza. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238615. [PMID: 32915821 PMCID: PMC7485819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza, which is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, represents a worldwide public health and economic problem owing to the significant morbidity and mortality caused by its seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Sensitive and convenient methodologies for the detection of influenza viruses are important for clinical care and infection control as well as epidemiological investigations. Here, we developed a multiplex reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with quencher/fluorescence oligonucleotides connected by a 5' backward loop (LF or LB) primer for the detection of two subtypes of influenza viruses: Influenza A (A/H1 and A/H3) and influenza B. The detection limits of the multiplex RT-LAMP assay were 103 copies and 102 copies of RNA for influenza A and influenza B, respectively. The sensitivities of the multiplex influenza A/B/IC RT-LAMP assay were 94.62% and 97.50% for influenza A and influenza B clinical samples, respectively. The specificities of the multiplex influenza A/B/IC RT-LAMP assay were 100% for influenza A, influenza B, and healthy clinical samples. In addition, the multiplex influenza A/B/IC RT-LAMP assay had no cross-reactivity with other respiratory viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sik Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-CiC Mihn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rastogi M, Singh SK. Advances in Molecular Diagnostic Approaches for Biothreat Agents. DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL ATTACKS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03071-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The advancement in Molecular techniques has been implicated in the development of sophisticated, high-end diagnostic platform and point-of-care (POC) devices for the detection of biothreat agents. Different molecular and immunological approaches such as Immunochromatographic and lateral flow assays, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISA), Biosensors, Isothermal amplification assays, Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), Next Generation Sequencers (NGS), Microarrays and Microfluidics have been used for a long time as detection strategies of the biothreat agents. In addition, several point of care (POC) devices have been approved by FDA and commercialized in markets. The high-end molecular platforms like NGS and Microarray are time-consuming, costly, and produce huge amount of data. Therefore, the future prospects of molecular based technique should focus on developing quick, user-friendly, cost-effective and portable devices against biological attacks and surveillance programs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao Y, Kim H, Li Y, Kong H, Lemieux B. Helicase‐Dependent Amplification of Nucleic Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 104:15.11.1-15.11.12. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb1511s104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- BioHelix Corporation Beverly Massachusetts
| | | | - Ying Li
- BioHelix Corporation Beverly Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barreda-García S, Miranda-Castro R, de-Los-Santos-Álvarez N, Miranda-Ordieres AJ, Lobo-Castañón MJ. Helicase-dependent isothermal amplification: a novel tool in the development of molecular-based analytical systems for rapid pathogen detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:679-693. [PMID: 28932883 PMCID: PMC7079856 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive testing of nucleic acids is essential to improve the detection of pathogens, which pose a major threat for public health worldwide. Currently available molecular assays, mainly based on PCR, have a limited utility in point-of-need control or resource-limited settings. Consequently, there is a strong interest in developing cost-effective, robust, and portable platforms for early detection of these harmful microorganisms. Since its description in 2004, isothermal helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) has been successfully applied in the development of novel molecular-based technologies for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of viruses and bacteria. In this review, we highlight relevant analytical systems using this simple nucleic acid amplification methodology that takes place at a constant temperature and that is readily compatible with microfluidic technologies. Different strategies for monitoring HDA amplification products are described. In addition, we present technological advances for integrating sample preparation, HDA amplification, and detection. Future perspectives and challenges toward point-of-need use not only for clinical diagnosis but also in food safety testing and environmental monitoring are also discussed. Expanding the analytical toolbox for the detection of DNA sequences specific of pathogens with isothermal helicase dependent amplification (HDA) ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barreda-García
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Arturo J Miranda-Ordieres
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lobo-Castañón
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Yang Z, McLendon C, Hutter D, Bradley KM, Hoshika S, Frye CB, Benner SA. Helicase-Dependent Isothermal Amplification of DNA and RNA by Using Self-Avoiding Molecular Recognition Systems. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1365-70. [PMID: 25953623 PMCID: PMC4489552 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Assays that detect DNA or RNA (xNA) are highly sensitive, as small amounts of xNA can be amplified by PCR. Unfortunately, PCR is inconvenient in low-resource environments, and requires equipment and power that might not be available in these environments. Isothermal procedures, which avoid thermal cycling, are often confounded by primer dimers, off-target priming, and other artifacts. Here, we show how a "self avoiding molecular recognition system" (SAMRS) eliminates these artifacts and gives clean amplicons in a helicase-dependent isothermal amplification (SAMRS-HDA). We also show that incorporating SAMRS into the 3'-ends of primers facilitates the design and screening of primers for HDA assays. Finally, we show that SAMRS-HDA can be twofold multiplexed, difficult to achieve with HDA using standard primers. Thus, SAMRS-HDA is a more versatile approach than standard HDA, with a broader applicability for xNA-targeted diagnostics and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunyi Yang
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 720 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 201, Gainesville, FL 32601 (USA) http://ffame.org.
| | - Chris McLendon
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 720 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 201, Gainesville, FL 32601 (USA) http://ffame.org
| | - Daniel Hutter
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 720 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 201, Gainesville, FL 32601 (USA) http://ffame.org
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, 13709 Progress Blvd, N112, Alachua, FL 32615 (USA)
| | - Kevin M Bradley
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 720 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 201, Gainesville, FL 32601 (USA) http://ffame.org
| | - Shuichi Hoshika
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 720 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 201, Gainesville, FL 32601 (USA) http://ffame.org
| | - Carole B Frye
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, 13709 Progress Blvd, N112, Alachua, FL 32615 (USA)
| | - Steven A Benner
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 720 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 201, Gainesville, FL 32601 (USA) http://ffame.org.
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, 13709 Progress Blvd, N112, Alachua, FL 32615 (USA).
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Howard RL, French DJ, Richardson JA, O'Neill CE, Andreou MP, Brown T, Clark D, Clarke IN, Holloway JW, Marsh P, Debenham PG. Rapid detection of diagnostic targets using isothermal amplification and HyBeacon probes--a homogenous system for sequence-specific detection. Mol Cell Probes 2014; 29:92-8. [PMID: 25542839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal amplification is a rapid, simple alternative to PCR, with amplification commonly detected using fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes, intercalating dyes or increased turbidity as a result of magnesium pyrophosphate generation. SNP identification is possible but requires either allele-specific primers or multiple dye-labelled probes, but further downstream processing is often required for allelic identification. Here we demonstrate that modification of common isothermal amplification methods by the addition of HyBeacon probes permits homogeneous sequence detection and discrimination by melting or annealing curve analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that isothermal amplification and sequence discrimination is possible directly from a crude sample such as an expressed buccal swab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A Richardson
- University of Southampton School of Chemistry, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Colette E O'Neill
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Tom Brown
- University of Southampton School of Chemistry, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Duncan Clark
- OptiGene Ltd., Unit 5, Blatchford Road, Horsham, RH13 5QR, UK
| | - Ian N Clarke
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter Marsh
- Health Protection Agency, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andresen D, Nickisch-Rosenegk MV, Bier FF. Helicase-dependent amplification: use in OnChip amplification and potential for point-of-care diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 9:645-50. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Lemieux B, Li Y, Kong H, Tang YW. Near instrument-free, simple molecular device for rapid detection of herpes simplex viruses. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 12:437-43. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Lemieux
- BioHelix Corporation, 500 Cummings Center, Suite 5550, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Ying Li
- BioHelix Corporation, 500 Cummings Center, Suite 5550, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Huimin Kong
- BioHelix Corporation, 500 Cummings Center, Suite 5550, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, S428, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patterson AS, Hsieh K, Soh HT, Plaxco KW. Electrochemical real-time nucleic acid amplification: towards point-of-care quantification of pathogens. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:704-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
In recent years, quantitative real-time PCR tests have been extensively developed in clinical microbiology laboratories for routine diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly bacterial diseases. This molecular tool is well-suited for the rapid detection of bacteria directly in clinical specimens, allowing early, sensitive and specific laboratory confirmation of related diseases. It is particularly suitable for the diagnosis of infections caused by fastidious growth species, and the number of these pathogens has increased recently. This method also allows a rapid assessment of the presence of antibiotic resistance genes or gene mutations. Although this genetic approach is not always predictive of phenotypic resistances, in specific situations it may help to optimize the therapeutic management of patients. Finally, an approach combining the detection of pathogens, their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, their virulence factors and bacterial load in clinical samples could lead to profound changes in the care of these infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Maurin
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Département des Agents Infectieux, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zanoli LM, Spoto G. Isothermal amplification methods for the detection of nucleic acids in microfluidic devices. BIOSENSORS 2013; 3:18-43. [PMID: 25587397 PMCID: PMC4263587 DOI: 10.3390/bios3010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic tools for biomolecular detection need to fulfill specific requirements in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and high-throughput in order to widen their applicability and to minimize the cost of the assay. The nucleic acid amplification is a key step in DNA detection assays. It contributes to improving the assay sensitivity by enabling the detection of a limited number of target molecules. The use of microfluidic devices to miniaturize amplification protocols reduces the required sample volume and the analysis times and offers new possibilities for the process automation and integration in one single device. The vast majority of miniaturized systems for nucleic acid analysis exploit the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method, which requires repeated cycles of three or two temperature-dependent steps during the amplification of the nucleic acid target sequence. In contrast, low temperature isothermal amplification methods have no need for thermal cycling thus requiring simplified microfluidic device features. Here, the use of miniaturized analysis systems using isothermal amplification reactions for the nucleic acid amplification will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Zanoli
- Istituto Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Giuseppe Spoto
- Istituto Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy; E-Mail: ; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Development of a panel of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for detection of biothreat agents. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1110-7. [PMID: 23345286 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02704-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic panels for infectious disease have been suggested to be of value in point-of-care diagnostics for developing countries and for biodefense. To test the performance of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays, we developed a panel of 10 RPAs for biothreat agents. The panel included RPAs for Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, variola virus, and reverse transcriptase RPA (RT-RPA) assays for Rift Valley fever virus, Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus. Their analytical sensitivities ranged from 16 to 21 molecules detected (probit analysis) for the majority of RPA and RT-RPA assays. A magnetic bead-based total nucleic acid extraction method was combined with the RPAs and tested using inactivated whole organisms spiked into plasma. The RPA showed comparable sensitivities to real-time RCR assays in these extracts. The run times of the assays at 42°C ranged from 6 to 10 min, and they showed no cross-detection of any of the target genomes of the panel nor of the human genome. The RPAs therefore seem suitable for the implementation of syndromic panels onto microfluidic platforms.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tong Y, McCarthy K, Kong H, Lemieux B. Development and comparison of a rapid isothermal nucleic acid amplification test for typing of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 on a portable fluorescence detector. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:569-76. [PMID: 22951487 PMCID: PMC5803548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a rapid and simple molecular test, the IsoGlow HSV Typing assay, for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (type 1 and 2) from genital or oral lesions. Clinical samples suspended in viral transport mediums are simply diluted and then added to a helicase-dependent amplification master mix. The amplification and detection were performed on a portable fluorescence detector called the FireFly instrument. Detection of amplification products is based on end-point analysis using cycling probe technology. An internal control nucleic acid was included in the amplification master mix to monitor the presence of amplification inhibitors in the samples. Because the device has only two fluorescence detection channels, two strategies were developed and compared to detect the internal control template: internal control detected by melting curve analysis using a dual-labeled probe, versus internal control detection using end-point fluorescence release by a CPT probe at a lower temperature. Both have a total turnaround time of about 1 hour. Clinical performance relative to herpes viral culture was evaluated using 176 clinical specimens. Both formats of the IsoGlow HSV typing assay had sensitivities comparable to that of the Food and Drug Administration-cleared IsoAmp HSV (BioHelix Corp., Beverly MA) test and specificity for the two types of HSV comparable to that of ELVIS HSV (Diagnostic Hybrids, Athens, OH).
Collapse
|
18
|
Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Rift Valley fever virus. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:308-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
19
|
Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Francisella tularensis. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2234-8. [PMID: 22518861 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.06504-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several real-time PCR approaches to develop field detection for Francisella tularensis, the infectious agent causing tularemia, have been explored. We report the development of a novel qualitative real-time isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for use on a small ESEQuant Tube Scanner device. The analytical sensitivity and specificity were tested using a plasmid standard and DNA extracts from infected rabbit tissues. The assay showed a performance comparable to real-time PCR but reduced the assay time to 10 min. The rapid RPA method has great application potential for field use or point-of-care diagnostics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Diagnostic assays are an important part of health care, both in the clinic and in research laboratories. In addition to improving treatments and clinical outcomes, rapid and reliable diagnostics help track disease epidemiology, curb infectious outbreaks, and further the understanding of chronic illness. Disease markers such as antigens, RNA, and DNA are present at low concentrations in biological samples, such that the majority of diagnostic assays rely on an amplification reaction before detection is possible. Ideally, these amplification reactions would be sensitive, specific, inexpensive, rapid, integrated, and automated. Microfluidic technology currently in development offers many advantages over conventional benchtop reactions that help achieve these goals. The small reaction volumes and energy consumption make reactions cheaper and more efficient in a microfluidic reactor. Additionally, the channel architecture could be designed to perform multiple tests or experimental steps on one integrated, automated platform. This review explores the current research on microfluidic reactors designed to aid diagnostic applications, covering a broad spectrum of amplification techniques and designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E McCalla
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Artiushin S, Tong Y, Timoney J, Lemieux B, Schlegel A, Kong H. Thermophilic helicase-dependent DNA amplification using the IsoAmp™ SE experimental kit for rapid detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in clinical samples. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 23:909-14. [PMID: 21908346 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711416968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and portable assay for detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi has been developed based on amplification of S. equi-specific sequence using a thermophilic helicase-dependent reaction followed by visual detection of the amplicon in a disposable lateral flow cassette. An experimental kit (IsoAmp™ SE) was evaluated. Analytical sensitivity was 50 copies of S. equi genomic DNA per reaction. The IsoAmp SE assay had 100% specificity when applied to nasal swabs and washes. The assay was more sensitive than culture but less sensitive than nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The test requires neither expensive equipment nor extensive training of personnel, provides a practical alternative to culture or PCR assays for detection of S. equi in clinical samples, and expedites identification of atypical colonies of S. equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Artiushin
- 1Sergey Artiushin, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Doseeva V, Forbes T, Wolff J, Khripin Y, O'Neil D, Rothmann T, Nazarenko I. Multiplex isothermal helicase-dependent amplification assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 71:354-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
23
|
Morlighem JÉ, Harbers M, Traeger-Synodinos J, Lezhava A. DNA amplification techniques in pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:845-60. [PMID: 21692615 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable predisposition of patients, both to disease susceptibility and drug response, is well established. It is largely attributed to genetic, as well as epigenetic variations between individuals, which may be inherited or acquired. The most common variation in the human genome is the SNP, which occurs throughout the genome, both within coding and noncoding regions. Characterization of SNPs in the context of both inherited and acquired conditions, such as cancer, are a main focus of many genotyping procedures. The demand for identifying (diagnosing) targeted SNPs or other variations, as well as the application of genome-wide screens, is continuously directing the development of new technologies. In general, most methods require a DNA amplification step to provide the amounts of DNA needed for the SNP detection step. In addition, DNA amplification is an important step when investigating other types of genomic information, for instance when addressing repeat, deletion, copy number variation or epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. Besides the widely used PCR technique, there are several alternative approaches for genomic DNA amplification suitable for supporting the detection of genomic variation. In this article, we describe and evaluate a number of techniques, and discuss possible future prospects of DNA amplification in the fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Étienne Morlighem
- Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mahalanabis M, Do J, Almuayad H, Zhang JY, Klapperich CM. Erratum to: An integrated disposable device for DNA extraction and helicase dependent amplification. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 13:599-602. [PMID: 21369762 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the original manuscript, we reported the demonstration of an integrated microfluidic chip that performed helicase dependent amplification (HDA) on samples containing live bacteria. Bacterial lysis, nucleic acid extraction, and DNA amplification with a fluorescent reporter were incorporated into a disposable polymer cartridge format. We reported that the device was able to detect as few as 10 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli in growth medium. While the main conclusions of the original paper remain sound, the data presented in support of those conclusions contained errors that we detail, discuss and correct here. In short, we misidentified a non-specific product as a specific product of our HDA reaction. We incorrectly called reactions containing the non-specific product (length 70 bp) positive. Further investigation demonstrated that our primer set was faulty and not capable of amplifying the specific product. Here we redesigned primers, sequenced all of the products and reran all of the experiments reported previously to generate a new, verified dataset.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tong Y, Lemieux B, Kong H. Multiple strategies to improve sensitivity, speed and robustness of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for rapid pathogen detection. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:50. [PMID: 21569347 PMCID: PMC3104364 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decades the rapid growth of molecular diagnostics (based on either traditional PCR or isothermal amplification technologies) meet the demand for fast and accurate testing. Although isothermal amplification technologies have the advantages of low cost requirements for instruments, the further improvement on sensitivity, speed and robustness is a prerequisite for the applications in rapid pathogen detection, especially at point-of-care diagnostics. Here, we describe and explore several strategies to improve one of the isothermal technologies, helicase-dependent amplification (HDA). Results Multiple strategies were approached to improve the overall performance of the isothermal amplification: the restriction endonuclease-mediated DNA helicase homing, macromolecular crowding agents, and the optimization of reaction enzyme mix. The effect of combing all strategies was compared with that of the individual strategy. With all of above methods, we are able to detect 50 copies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA in just 20 minutes of amplification using a nearly instrument-free detection platform (BESt™ cassette). Conclusions The strategies addressed in this proof-of-concept study are independent of expensive equipments, and are not limited to particular primers, targets or detection format. However, they make a large difference in assay performance. Some of them can be adjusted and applied to other formats of nucleic acid amplification. Furthermore, the strategies to improve the in vitro assays by maximally simulating the nature conditions may be useful in the general field of developing molecular assays. A new fast molecular assay for Neisseria gonorrhoeae has also been developed which has great potential to be used at point-of-care diagnostics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Isothermal DNA amplification is an alternative to PCR-based amplification for point-of-care diagnosis. Since the early 1990s, the approach has been refined into a simple, rapid and cost-effective tool by means of several distinct strategies. Input signals have been diversified from DNA to RNA, protein or small organic molecules by translating these signals into input DNA before amplification, thus allowing assays on various classes of biomolecules. In situ detection of single biomolecules has been achieved using an isothermal method, leveraging localized signal amplification in an intact specimen. A few pioneering studies to develop a homogenous isothermal protein assay have successfully translated structure-switching of a probe upon target binding into input DNA for isothermal amplification. In addition to the detection of specific targets, isothermal methods have made whole-genome amplification of single cells possible owing to the unbiased, linear nature of the amplification process as well as the large size of amplified products given by ϕ29 DNA polymerase. These applications have been devised with the four isothermal amplification strategies covered in this review: strand-displacement amplification, rolling circle amplification, helicase-dependent amplification and recombinase polymerase amplification.
Collapse
|
27
|
Motré A, Kong R, Li Y. Improving isothermal DNA amplification speed for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 84:343-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Kivlehan F, Mavré F, Talini L, Limoges B, Marchal D. Real-time electrochemical monitoring of isothermal helicase-dependent amplification of nucleic acids. Analyst 2011; 136:3635-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Li Y, Jortani SA, Ramey-Hartung B, Hudson E, Lemieux B, Kong H. Genotyping three SNPs affecting warfarin drug response by isothermal real-time HDA assays. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:79-85. [PMID: 20854800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response to the anticoagulant drug warfarin is greatly affected by genetic polymorphisms in the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes. Genotyping these polymorphisms has been shown to be important in reducing the time of the trial and error process for finding the maintenance dose of warfarin thus reducing the risk of adverse effects of the drug. METHOD We developed a real-time isothermal DNA amplification system for genotyping three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence warfarin response. For each SNP, real-time isothermal Helicase Dependent Amplification (HDA) reactions were performed to amplify a DNA fragment containing the SNP. Amplicons were detected by fluorescently labeled allele specific probes during real-time HDA amplification. RESULTS Fifty clinical samples were analyzed by the HDA-based method, generating a total of 150 results. Of these, 148 were consistent between the HDA-based assays and a reference method. The two samples with unresolved HDA-based test results were repeated and found to be consistent with the reference method. CONCLUSION The HDA-based assays demonstrated a clinically acceptable performance for genotyping the VKORC1 -1639G>A SNP and two SNPs (430C>T and 1075A>C) for the CYP2C9 enzyme (CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3), all of which are relevant in warfarin pharmacogenentics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- BioHelix Corporation, Beverly MA 01915, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mahalanabis M, Do J, ALMuayad H, Zhang JY, Klapperich CM. An integrated disposable device for DNA extraction and helicase dependent amplification. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 12:353-9. [PMID: 20066496 PMCID: PMC2998058 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-009-9391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the demonstration of an integrated microfluidic chip that performs helicase dependent amplification (HDA) on samples containing live bacteria. Combined chip-based sample preparation and isothermal amplification are attractive for world health applications, since the need for instrumentation to control flow rate and temperature changes are reduced or eliminated. Bacteria lysis, nucleic acid extraction, and DNA amplification with a fluorescent reporter are incorporated into a disposable polymer cartridge format. Smart passive fluidic control using a flap valve and a hydrophobic vent (with a nanoporous PTFE membrane) with a simple on-chip mixer eliminates multiple user operations. The device is able to detect as few as ten colony forming units (CFU) of E. coli in growth medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaephil Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hussam ALMuayad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jane Y. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine M. Klapperich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|