1
|
Ghosh Dastidar M, Murugappan K, R Nisbet D, Tricoli A. Simultaneous electrochemical detection of glycated and human serum albumin for diabetes management. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115876. [PMID: 38039734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly selective and sensitive biosensors for diabetes management blood glucose monitoring is essential to reduce the health risks associated with diabetes. Assessing the glycation (GA) of human serum albumin (HSA) serves as an indicator for medium-term glycemic control, making it suitable for assessing the efficacy of blood glucose management protocols. However, most biosensors are not capable of simultaneous detection of the relative fraction of GA to HSA in a clinically relevant range. Here, we report an effective miniaturised biosensor architecture for simultaneous electrochemical detection of HSA and GA across relevant concentration ranges. We immobilise DNA aptamers specific for the detection of HSA and GA on gold nanoislands (Au NIs) decorated screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), and effectively passivate the residual surface sites. We achieve a dynamic detection range between 20 and 60 mg/mL for HSA and 1-40 mg/mL for GA in buffer solutions. The analytical utility of our HSA and GA biosensor architectures are validated in mice serum indicating immediate potential for clinical applications. Since HSA and GA have similar structures, we extensively assess our sensor specificity, observing high selectivity of the HSA and GA sensors against each other and other commonly present interfering molecules in blood such as glucose, glycine, ampicillin, and insulin. Additionally, we determine the glycation ratio, which is a crucial metric for assessing blood glucose management efficacy, in an extensive range representing healthy and poor blood glucose management profiles. These findings provide strong evidence for the clinical potential of our biosensor architecture for point-of-care and self-assessment of diabetes management protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisha Ghosh Dastidar
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; CSIRO, Mineral Resources, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia.
| | - David R Nisbet
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal HS, Hossain MZ, Birbilis N. A selective LSPR biosensor for molecular-level glycated albumin detection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22795. [PMID: 38125431 PMCID: PMC10731091 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosensor specifically engineered to detect glycated albumin (GA), a critical biomarker for diabetes monitoring, is presented. Unlike conventional GA monitoring methods, the biosensor herein uniquely employs localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for signal transduction, leveraging a novel fabrication process where gold nanoparticles are deposited on a quartz substrate using flame spray pyrolysis. This enables the biosensor to provide mean glucose levels over a three-week period, correlating with the glycation status of diabetes patients. The sensor's DNA aptamer conjugation selectively binds GA, inducing a plasmonic wavelength shift; resulting in a detection limit of 0.1 μM, well within the human GA range of 20-240 μM. Selectivity experiments with diverse molecules and an exploration of sensor reusability were carried out with positive results. The novelty of the biosensor presented includes specificity, sensitivity and practical applicability; which is promising for enhanced diabetes diagnosis using a rapid and inexpensive process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Mondal
- School of Engineering, ANU College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- School of Engineering, ANU College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nick Birbilis
- School of Engineering, ANU College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3261, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
AlSalem HS, Abdulsalam NM, Khateeb NA, Binkadem MS, Alhadhrami NA, Khedr AM, Abdelmonem R, Shoueir KR, Nadwa EH. Enhance the oral insulin delivery route using a modified chitosan-based formulation fabricated by microwave. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125779. [PMID: 37442506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (Cs) was subjected to ball milling and subsequently functionalized with Dinitro salicylic acid (Cs-DNS) to enhance the efficacy of oral insulin delivery. The hydrodynamic spherical particle sizes exhibited 33.29 ± 5.08 nm for modified Cs-DNS NPs. Irrespective of insulin entrapment, zeta potential measurements revealed positively charged Cs-DNS NPs (+ 35 ± 3.5 mV). The entrapment performance (EP%) was evaluated in vitro, and insulin release patterns at various pH levels. The EP% for Cs-DNS NPs was 99.3 ± 1.6. Cs- DNS NPs retained a considerable amount of insulin (92 %) in an acidic medium, and significant quantities were released at increasing pH values over time. In vivo investigations, the diabetic rats which taken insulin-incorporated NPs had lower serum glucose levels (SGL) after 3 h to (39.4 ± 0.6 %) for Cs- DNS NPs. For insulin-incorporated Cs- DNS NPs, the bioavailability (BA%) and pharmacological availability (PA%) were 17.5 ± 0.31 % and 8.6 ± 0.8 %, respectively. The assertion above highlights the significance and effectiveness of modified chitosan in promoting insulin delivery, decreasing SGL levels, and guaranteeing safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda S AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nisreen M Abdulsalam
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 42807, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla A Khateeb
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences-King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 2477. Mail Code 527, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S Binkadem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nahlah A Alhadhrami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdalla M Khedr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th October, Egypt
| | - Kamel R Shoueir
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Eman Hassan Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsurusawa N, Chang J, Namba M, Makioka D, Yamura S, Iha K, Kyosei Y, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5197. [PMID: 34768717 PMCID: PMC8585087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used for quantitative measurement of proteins, and improving the detection sensitivity to the ultrasensitive level would facilitate the diagnosis of various diseases. In the present review article, we first define the term 'ultrasensitive'. We follow this with a survey and discussion of the current literature regarding modified ELISA methods with ultrasensitive detection and their application for diagnosis. Finally, we introduce our own newly devised system for ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cycling and its application for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of the present article is to expand the application of ultrasensitive ELISAs in the medical and biological fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tsurusawa
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jyunhao Chang
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Daiki Makioka
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iha K, Kyosei Y, Namba M, Makioka D, Yamura S, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Zeptomole Detection of an Enzyme by a Simple Colorimetric Method. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1469-1472. [PMID: 33746140 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay, in which an enzyme (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, ALP) is conjugated with an antibody, is a precise and simple protein detection method. Precise measurements of enzymes at low concentrations allow for ultrasensitive protein detection. The application of a phosphorylated substrate to ALP, followed by using a dephosphorylated substrate in thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling, provides a simple and precise quantification of ALP. We describe a protocol for detecting ALP at the zeptomole level using a simple colorimetric method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University
| | | | | | | | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kyosei Y, Namba M, Yamura S, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Sasaki T, Shioda T, Ito E. Improved Detection Sensitivity of an Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Proteins with Thio-NAD Cycling. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1332-1336. [PMID: 34148926 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antigen tests for infectious diseases are inexpensive and easy-to-use, but the limit of detection (LOD) is generally higher than that of PCR tests, which are considered the gold standard. In the present study, we combined a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling to improve the LOD of antigen tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the LOD of our ELISA with thio-NAD cycling was 2.95 × 10-17 moles/assay. When UV-irradiated inactive SARS-CoV-2 was used, the minimum detectable virions corresponding to 2.6 × 104 RNA copies/assay were obtained using our ELISA with thio-NAD cycling. The assay volume for each test was 100 µL. The minimum detectable value was smaller than that of the latest antigen test using a fluorescent immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2, indicating the validity of our detection system for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kyosei Y, Yamura S, Namba M, Yoshimura T, Watabe S, Ito E. Antigen tests for COVID-19. Biophys Physicobiol 2021; 18:28-39. [PMID: 33954080 PMCID: PMC8049777 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR diagnosis has been considered as the gold standard for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other many diseases. However, there are many problems in using PCR, such as non-specific (i.e., false-positive) and false-negative amplifications, the limits of a target sample volume, deactivation of the enzymes used, complicated techniques, difficulty in designing probe sequences, and the expense. We, thus, need an alternative to PCR, for example an ultrasensitive antigen test. In the present review, we summarize the following three topics. (1) The problems of PCR are outlined. (2) The antigen tests are surveyed in the literature that was published in 2020, and their pros and cons are discussed for commercially available antigen tests. (3) Our own antigen test on the basis of an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is introduced. Finally, we discuss the possibility that our antigen test by an ultrasensitive ELISA technique will become the gold standard for diagnosis of COVID-19 and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang WH, Takeuchi R, Jain SH, Jiang YH, Watanuki S, Ohtaki Y, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Lu PL, Ito E. A novel, rapid (within hours) culture-free diagnostic method for detecting live Mycobacterium tuberculosis with high sensitivity. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:103007. [PMID: 32949995 PMCID: PMC7501073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are widely used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), but cannot discriminate live bacilli from dead bacilli. Live bacilli can be isolated by culture methods, but this is time-consuming. We developed a de novo TB diagnostic method that detects only live bacilli with high sensitivity within hours. METHODS A prospective study was performed in Taiwan from 2017 to 2018. Sputum was collected consecutively from 1102 patients with suspected TB infection. The sputum was pretreated and heated at 46°C for 1 h to induce the secretion of MPT64 protein from live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MPT64 was detected with our ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. We compared our data with those obtained using a culture test (MGIT), a smear test (Kinyoun staining), and a NAAT (Xpert). FINDINGS The limit of detection for MPT64 in our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA was 2.0 × 10-19 moles/assay. When the criterion for a positive response was set as an absorbance value ≥17 mAbs, this value corresponded to ca. 330 CFU/mL in the culture method - almost the same high-detection sensitivity as the culture method. To confirm that MPT64 is secreted from only live bacilli, M. bovis BCG was killed using 8 μg/mL rifampicin and then heated. Following this procedure, our method detected no MPT64. Our rapid ultra-sensitive ELISA-based method required only 5 h to complete. Comparing the results of our method with those of culture tests for 944 specimens revealed a sensitivity of 86.9% (93/107, 95% CI: 79.0-92.7%) and a specificity of 92.0% (770/837, 95% CI: 89.9-93.7%). The performance data were not significantly different (McNemar's test, P = 0.887) from those of the Xpert tests. In addition, at a ≥1+ titer in the smear test, the positive predictive value of our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA tests was in a good agreement with that of the culture tests. Furthermore, our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA test had better validity for drug effectiveness examination than Xpert tests because our test detected only live bacilli. INTERPRETATION Our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA method detects only live TB bacilli with high sensitivity within hours, allowing for rapid diagnosis of TB and monitoring drug efficacy. FUNDING Matching Planner Program from JST (VP29117939087), the A-STEP Program from JST (AS3015096U), Waseda University grants for Specific Research Projects (2017A-015 and 2019C-123), the Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation to E.I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Rikiya Takeuchi
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Shu-Huei Jain
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Huang Jiang
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Sonoko Watanuki
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Ohtaki
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kyosei Y, Namba M, Yamura S, Takeuchi R, Aoki N, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Ito E. Proposal of De Novo Antigen Test for COVID-19: Ultrasensitive Detection of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E594. [PMID: 32823866 PMCID: PMC7459804 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based antigen tests are technically difficult, time-consuming, and expensive, and may produce false negative results requiring follow-up confirmation with computed tomography. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the demand for accurate, easy-to-use, rapid, and cost-effective antigen tests for clinical application. We propose a de novo antigen test for diagnosing COVID-19 using the combination of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thio-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. Our test takes advantage of the spike proteins specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The limit of detection of our test was 2.3 × 10-18 moles/assay. If the virus has ~25 spike proteins on its surface, our method should detect on the order of 10-20 moles of virus/assay, corresponding to ~104 copies of the virus RNA/assay. The detection sensitivity approaches that of PCR-based assays because the average virus RNA load used for PCR-based assays is ~105 copies per oro- or naso-pharyngeal swab specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first ultrasensitive antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins that can be performed with an easy-to-use microplate reader. Sufficient sensitivity can be achieved within 10 min of thio-NAD cycling. Our antigen test allows for rapid, cost-effective, specific, ultrasensitive, and simultaneous multiple measurements of SARS-CoV-2, and has broad application for the diagnosis for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Rikiya Takeuchi
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Noriko Aoki
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- Quality Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan;
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shiquan 1st Rd., Sanmin, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Accurate, rapid and simple detection methods are required to facilitate early diagnosis of various disorders including infectious and lifestyle diseases as well as cancer. These detection approaches reduce the window of infection, i.e., the period between infection and reliable detection. Optimally, these methods should target protein as an indicator of pathogenic microbes as well as other biomarkers. For example, although nucleic acid is easily detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), these markers are also present in dead microbes, and, in the case of mRNA, it is not known whether this target was successfully translated. Accordingly, early diagnostic approaches require the development of ultrasensitive protein detection methods. In this chapter, we introduce an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which combines a traditional sandwich-based immunoassay with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. The performance characteristics of this unique approach are reviewed as well as its potential role in providing a novel and ultrasensitive diagnostic tool in the clinical laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Izunokuni, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ultrasensitive ELISA Developed for Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030078. [PMID: 31323782 PMCID: PMC6787603 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For the diagnosis of disease, the ability to quantitatively detect trace amounts of the causal proteins from bacteria/viruses as biomarkers in patient specimens is highly desirable. Here we introduce a simple, rapid, and colorimetric assay as a de novo, ultrasensitive detection method. This ultrasensitive assay consists of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling, forming an ultrasensitive ELISA, in which the signal substrate (i.e., thio-NADH) accumulates in a triangular manner, and the accumulated thio-NADH is measured at its maximum absorption wavelength of 405 nm. We have successfully achieved a limit of detection of ca. 10−18 moles/assay for a target protein. As an example of infectious disease detection, HIV-1 p24 could be measured at 0.0065 IU/assay (i.e., 10−18 moles/assay), and as a marker for a lifestyle-related disease, adiponectin could be detected at 2.3 × 10−19 moles/assay. In particular, despite the long-held belief that the trace amounts of adiponectin in urine can only be detected using a radioisotope, our ultrasensitive ELISA was able to detect urinary adiponectin. This method is highly versatile because simply changing the antibody enables the detection of various proteins. This assay system requires only the measurement of absorbance, thus it requires equipment that is easily obtained by medical facilities, which facilitates diagnosis in hospitals and clinics. Moreover, we describe an expansion of our ultrasensitive ELISA to a non-amplification nucleic acid detection method for nucleic acids using hybridization. These de novo methods will enable simple, rapid, and accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Han X, Li Z, Xie J. Rapid detection of insulin by immune-enrichment with silicon-nanoparticle-assisted MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:14-20. [PMID: 30991018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is central to regulating fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the body. However, it is difficult to detect insulin using mass spectrometry (MS). The integration of nanotechnology with mass spectrometry for selective and sensitive detection is an important research area. Our aim was to establish a method to detect insulin using silicon nanoparticle-assisted high-throughput MS. METHODS Different nanomaterials with the potential for use as MALDI components to enhance the MS signal by increasing peptide ionization were investigated in the present study. Insulin in samples was enriched with antibody-coated silicon nanoparticles and then analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Method validation was performed in the present study. RESULTS A platform for insulin detection with small sample volumes (100 μL) and a simplified procedure was successfully developed. The silicon nanoparticle-MS assay exhibited high sensitivity (LOQ, 0.1 nM) and good linear correlation of MS intensity with insulin concentration (R2 = 0.99). Intra-assay precision (% coefficient of variation) ranged from 1.81 to 4.53%, and interassay precision ranged from 2.71 to 8.09%. In addition, a correlation between the MALDI assay and a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) was completed in patient samples, and the resulting Deming regression revealed good agreement (R2 = 0.981). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that the insulin signal could be enhanced with silicon nanoparticles. A new insulin determination method, immunoaffinity-based mass spectrometry, that saves time and involves simple processes, has been successfully established. The present assay was validated to detect insulin with low limits of detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Marine college, Shandong University (Weihai), No.180 Wenhua West Road, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhaoyun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
| | - Jiaogui Xie
- Department of Urology, The Fifteenth Military Hospital of China, Wusu, Xinjiang, 833000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamakado S, Cho H, Inada M, Morikawa M, Jiang YH, Saito K, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Takagi H, Kaneda M, Nakatsuma A, Ninomiya M, Imachi H, Arai T, Yoshimoto T, Murao K, Chang JH, Chen SM, Shih YC, Zeng MJ, Ke LY, Chen CH, Yoshimura T, Miura T, Ito E. Urinary adiponectin as a new diagnostic index for chronic kidney disease due to diabetic nephropathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000661. [PMID: 31245009 PMCID: PMC6557464 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely diagnosed on the basis of albuminuria and the glomerular filtration rate. A more precise diagnosis of CKD, however, requires the assessment of other factors. Urinary adiponectin recently attracted attention for CKD assessment, but evaluation is difficult due to the very low concentration of urinary adiponectin in normal subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We developed an ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling to detect trace amounts of proteins, which allows us to measure urinary adiponectin at the subattomole level. We measured urinary adiponectin levels in 59 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 24 subjects without DM (normal) to test our hypothesis that urinary adiponectin levels increase with progression of CKD due to DM. RESULTS The urinary adiponectin levels were 14.88±3.16 (ng/mg creatinine, mean±SEM) for patients with DM, and 3.06±0.33 (ng/mg creatinine) for normal subjects. The threshold between them was 4.0 ng/mg creatinine. The urinary adiponectin levels increased with an increase in the CKD risk. Furthermore, urinary adiponectin mainly formed a medium-molecular weight multimer (a hexamer) in patients with DM, whereas it formed only a low-molecular weight multimer (a trimer) in normal subjects. That is, the increase in urinary adiponectin in patients with DM led to the emergence of a medium-molecular weight form in urine. CONCLUSIONS Our new assay showed that urinary adiponectin could be a new diagnostic index for CKD. This assay is a non-invasive test using only urine, thus reducing the patient burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Cho
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Inada
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Morikawa
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yong-Huang Jiang
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Watabe
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takagi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mugiho Kaneda
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nakatsuma
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Ninomiya
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Imachi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arai
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Koji Murao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jyun-Hao Chang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Shih
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Zeng
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Watabe S, Morikawa M, Kaneda M, Nakaishi K, Nakatsuma A, Ninomiya M, Yoshimura T, Miura T, Ito E. Ultrasensitive detection of proteins and sugars at single-cell level. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1124201. [PMID: 27064305 PMCID: PMC4802808 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2015.1124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell produces its own responses even if it appears identical to other cells. To analyze these individual cell characteristics, we need to measure trace amounts of molecules in a single cell. Nucleic acids in a single cell can be easily amplified by polymerase chain reaction, but single-cell measurement of proteins and sugars will require de novo techniques. In the present study, we outline the techniques we have developed toward this end. For proteins, our ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling can detect proteins at subattomoles per assay. For sugars, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy coupled with glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction allows us to measure glucose at tens of nM. Our methods thus offer versatile techniques for single-cell-level analyses, and they are hoped to strongly promote single-cell biology as well as to develop noninvasive tests in clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Morikawa
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Izunokuni, Japan; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Mugiho Kaneda
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Sanuki, Japan
| | | | - Akira Nakatsuma
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Sanuki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ninomiya
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Sanuki, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Sanuki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morikawa M, Naito R, Mita K, Watabe S, Nakaishi K, Yoshimura T, Miura T, Hashida S, Ito E. Subattomole detection of adiponectin in urine by ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thio-NAD cycling. Biophys Physicobiol 2015; 12:79-86. [PMID: 27493857 PMCID: PMC4736831 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.12.0_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes, and it demonstrates antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the patterns of change in urinary adiponectin levels in various diseases remain unknown, because only trace amounts of the hormone are present in urine. In the present study, we applied an ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thio-NAD cycling to measure urinary adiponectin levels. Spikeand-recovery tests using urine confirmed the reliability of our ultrasensitive ELISA. The limit of detection for adiponectin in urine was 2.3×10−19 moles/assay (1.4 pg/mL). The urinary adiponectin concentration ranged between 0.04 and 5.82 ng/mL in healthy subjects. The pilot study showed that the urinary adiponectin levels, which were corrected by the creatinine concentration, were 0.73±0.50 (ng/mg creatinine, N=6) for healthy subjects, versus 12.02±3.85 (ng/mg creatinine, N=3) for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). That is, the urinary adiponectin levels were higher (P<0.05) in DM patients than in healthy subjects. Further, these urinary adiponectin levels tended to increase with the progression of DM accompanied with nephropathy. Our method is thus expected to provide a simple, rapid and reasonably priced test for noninvasive monitoring of the progression of DM without the requirement of special tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Morikawa
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Rina Naito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Koichi Mita
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | | | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hashida
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|