1
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Honda Malca S, Duss N, Meierhofer J, Patsch D, Niklaus M, Reiter S, Hanlon SP, Wetzl D, Kuhn B, Iding H, Buller R. Effective engineering of a ketoreductase for the biocatalytic synthesis of an ipatasertib precursor. Commun Chem 2024; 7:46. [PMID: 38418529 PMCID: PMC10902378 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Semi-rational enzyme engineering is a powerful method to develop industrial biocatalysts. Profiting from advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, semi-rational approaches can effectively accelerate enzyme engineering campaigns. Here, we present the optimization of a ketoreductase from Sporidiobolus salmonicolor for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of ipatasertib, a potent protein kinase B inhibitor. Harnessing the power of mutational scanning and structure-guided rational design, we created a 10-amino acid substituted variant exhibiting a 64-fold higher apparent kcat and improved robustness under process conditions compared to the wild-type enzyme. In addition, the benefit of algorithm-aided enzyme engineering was studied to derive correlations in protein sequence-function data, and it was found that the applied Gaussian processes allowed us to reduce enzyme library size. The final scalable and high performing biocatalytic process yielded the alcohol intermediate with ≥ 98% conversion and a diastereomeric excess of 99.7% (R,R-trans) from 100 g L-1 ketone after 30 h. Modelling and kinetic studies shed light on the mechanistic factors governing the improved reaction outcome, with mutations T134V, A238K, M242W and Q245S exerting the most beneficial effect on reduction activity towards the target ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Honda Malca
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Duss
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Meierhofer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Analytical Research and Development, MSD Werthenstein BioPharma GmbH, Industrie Nord 1, 6105 Schachen, Switzerland
| | - David Patsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Michael Niklaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Reiter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Fisher Clinical Services GmbH, Biotech Innovation Park, 2543 Lengnau, Switzerland
| | - Steven Paul Hanlon
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Wetzl
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
- Nonclinical Drug Development, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Iding
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
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2
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Yang J, Liang K, Ke H, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Gao L, Fan J, Li G, Zhou H, Xiao J, Lei X. Enzymatic Degradation of Deoxynivalenol with the Engineered Detoxification Enzyme Fhb7. JACS AU 2024; 4:619-634. [PMID: 38425922 PMCID: PMC10900206 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the era of global climate change, the increasingly severe Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination have caused economic losses and brought food and feed safety concerns. Recently, an FHB resistance gene Fhb7 coding a glutathione-S transferase (GST) to degrade DON by opening the critical toxic epoxide moiety was identified and opened a new window for wheat breeding and DON detoxification. However, the poor stability of Fhb7 and the elusiveness of the catalytic mechanism hinder its practical application. Herein, we report the first structure of Fhb7 at 2.41 Å and reveal a unique catalytic mechanism of epoxide opening transformation in GST family proteins. Furthermore, variants V29P and M10 showed that 5.5-fold and 266.7-fold longer half-life time than wild-type, respectively, were identified. These variants offer broad substrate scope, and the engineered biosafe Bacillus subtilis overexpressing the variants shows excellent DON degradation performance, exhibiting potential at bacterium engineering to achieve DON detoxification in the feed and biomedicine industry. This work provides a profound mechanistic insight into the enzymatic activities of Fhb7 and paves the way for further utilizing Fhb7-related enzymes in crop breeding and DON detoxification by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Liang
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Ke
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuebin Zhang
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Analytical
Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, State Key Laboratory
of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of
Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junping Fan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Analytical
Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, State Key Laboratory
of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of
Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute
for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
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3
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Guo J, Cheng Z, Zhou Z. An archaeal nitrile hydratase from the halophilic archaeon A07HB70 exhibits high tolerance to 3-cyanopyridine and nicotinamide. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 214:106390. [PMID: 37913996 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase, EC 4.2.1.84) is widely used in the industrial production of biosynthetic amide compounds. NHases obtained from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources have been widely studied, while the NHases derived from archaeal sources have not been reported. Here, we focused on a distinctive NHase derived from a halophilic archaeon (archaeon A07HB70, A.r NHase) that thrives in high-salt environments. A notable feature of this enzyme is the natural fusion of the α subunit with the activator. A.r NHase retained 89.14 % of its activity after exposure to 4.0 M substrate and 97.52 % of its activity after exposure to 4.0 M product. These findings indicate that A.r NHase exhibits significantly higher tolerance to both substrate and product compared to NHases derived from other sources, which may be due to its unique genetic structure. The investigation of such highly stable archaeal NHase can offer a theoretical foundation for modifying NHase derived from other sources. This, in turn, would enhance the potential industrial application of NHase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Huttanus HM, Triola EKH, Velasquez-Guzman JC, Shin SM, Granja-Travez RS, Singh A, Dale T, Jha RK. Targeted mutagenesis and high-throughput screening of diversified gene and promoter libraries for isolating gain-of-function mutations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1202388. [PMID: 37545889 PMCID: PMC10400447 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1202388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted mutagenesis of a promoter or gene is essential for attaining new functions in microbial and protein engineering efforts. In the burgeoning field of synthetic biology, heterologous genes are expressed in new host organisms. Similarly, natural or designed proteins are mutagenized at targeted positions and screened for gain-of-function mutations. Here, we describe methods to attain complete randomization or controlled mutations in promoters or genes. Combinatorial libraries of one hundred thousands to tens of millions of variants can be created using commercially synthesized oligonucleotides, simply by performing two rounds of polymerase chain reactions. With a suitably engineered reporter in a whole cell, these libraries can be screened rapidly by performing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Within a few rounds of positive and negative sorting based on the response from the reporter, the library can rapidly converge to a few optimal or extremely rare variants with desired phenotypes. Library construction, transformation and sequence verification takes 6-9 days and requires only basic molecular biology lab experience. Screening the library by FACS takes 3-5 days and requires training for the specific cytometer used. Further steps after sorting, including colony picking, sequencing, verification, and characterization of individual clones may take longer, depending on number of clones and required experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert M. Huttanus
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Ellin-Kristina H. Triola
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Jeanette C. Velasquez-Guzman
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Sang-Min Shin
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Rommel S. Granja-Travez
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Anmoldeep Singh
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Taraka Dale
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Ramesh K. Jha
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, United States
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5
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Engineering an autonomous VH domain to modulate intracellular pathways and to interrogate the eIF4F complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4854. [PMID: 35982046 PMCID: PMC9388512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive approach to target intracellular macromolecular interfaces and to model putative drug interactions is to design small high-affinity proteins. Variable domains of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH domains) are ideal miniproteins, but their development has been restricted by poor intracellular stability and expression. Here we show that an autonomous and disufhide-free VH domain is suitable for intracellular studies and use it to construct a high-diversity phage display library. Using this library and affinity maturation techniques we identify VH domains with picomolar affinity against eIF4E, a protein commonly hyper-activated in cancer. We demonstrate that these molecules interact with eIF4E at the eIF4G binding site via a distinct structural pose. Intracellular overexpression of these miniproteins reduce cellular proliferation and expression of malignancy-related proteins in cancer cell lines. The linkage of high-diversity in vitro libraries with an intracellularly expressible miniprotein scaffold will facilitate the discovery of VH domains suitable for intracellular applications. Approaches have been devised to increase the discovery rate of intrabodies but often these yield results that aren’t functional in cells. Here the authors engineer and optimise an autonomous and disulphide-free human VH domain for intracellular expression, and they identify several VH domain binders against eIF4E.
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6
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OverFlap PCR: A reliable approach for generating plasmid DNA libraries containing random sequences without a template bias. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262968. [PMID: 35939421 PMCID: PMC9359533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, practical biotechnology researchers have aimed to improve naturally occurring proteins and create novel ones. It is widely recognized that coupling protein sequence randomization with various effect screening methodologies is one of the most powerful techniques for quickly, efficiently, and purposefully acquiring these desired improvements. Over the years, considerable advancements have been made in this field. However, developing PCR-based or template-guided methodologies has been hampered by resultant template sequence biases. Here, we present a novel whole plasmid amplification-based approach, which we named OverFlap PCR, for randomizing virtually any region of plasmid DNA without introducing a template sequence bias.
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7
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Evolution of plasmid-construction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1319-1326. [PMID: 35452702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing for almost half a century, plasmid-construction has explored more than 37 methods. Some methods have evolved into new versions. From a global and evolutionary viewpoint, a review will make a clear understand and an easy practice for plasmid-construction. The 37 methods employ three principles as creating single-strand overhang, recombining homology arms, or serving amplified insert as mega-primer, and are classified into three groups as single strand overhang cloning, homologous recombination cloning, and mega-primer cloning. The methods evolve along a route for easy, efficient, or/and seamless cloning. Mechanism of plasmid-construction is primer annealing or/and primer invasion. Scar junction is a must-be faced scientific problem in plasmid-construction.
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8
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Pan H, Zhan J, Yang H, Wang C, Liu H, Zhou H, Zhou H, Lu X, Su X, Tian Y. Improving the Acid Resistance of Tannase TanBLp (AB379685) from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14917 T by Site-Specific Mutagenesis. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:96-102. [PMID: 35068609 PMCID: PMC8758840 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannin acyl hydrolase referred commonly as tannase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galloyl ester bond of tannin to release gallic acid. The tannase TanBLp which cloned from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14917T has high activity in the pH range (7.0-9.0) at 40 °C, it would be detrimental to the utilization at acidic environment. The catalytic sites and stability of TanBLp were analyzed using bioinformatics and site-specific mutagenesis. The results reiterated that the amino acid residues Ala164, Lys343, Glu357, Asp421 and His451 had played an important role in maintaining the activity. The optimum pH of mutants V75A, G77A, N94A, A164S and F243A were shifted from 8.0 to 6.0, and mutant V75A has the highest pH stability and activity at acidic conditions than other mutants, which was more suitable for industrial application to manufacture gallic acid. This study was of great significance to promote the industrialization and efficient utilization of tannase TanBLp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China ,Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Huhu Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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9
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Chen W, She W, Li A, Zhai C, Ma L. Site-Directed Mutagenesis Method Mediated by Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2461:165-174. [PMID: 35727450 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2152-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenic (ICM) system that allows rapid construction of designed mutants or site-saturation mutagenesis libraries in a PCR-independent manner. The plasmid DNA is double digested with Cas9 bearing specific single guide RNAs to remove the target nucleotides. Next, T5 exonuclease excises both 5'-ends of the linearized plasmid to generate homologous regions of approximately 15 nt. Subsequently, a short dsDNA of approximately 30-50 bp containing the desired mutation cyclizes the plasmid through base pairing and introduces the mutation into the plasmid. The gaps are repaired in Escherichia coli host cells after transformation. This method is highly efficient and accurate. Both single and multiple site-directed mutagenesis can be successfully performed, especially to large sized plasmids. This method demonstrates the great potential for creating high-quality mutant libraries in directed evolution as an alternative to PCR-based saturation mutagenesis, thus facilitating research on synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen She
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wan NW, Cui HB, Zhao L, Shan J, Chen K, Wang ZQ, Zhou XJ, Cui BD, Han WY, Chen YZ. Directed evolution of cytochrome P450DA hydroxylase activity for stereoselective biohydroxylation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric high throughput screening method was developed based on a dual-enzyme cascade and used for the directed evolution of cytochrome P450 hydroxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Hai-Bo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Jing Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
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11
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Mu X, Wu T, Mao Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Nie Y. Iterative Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis Confers Aromatic Ketone Specificity and Activity of L‐Amine Dehydrogenases. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Mu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology 223800 Suqian P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology 223800 Suqian P. R. China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200240 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200240 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Yao Nie
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
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12
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Jeong CG, Khatun A, Nazki S, Kim SC, Noh YH, Kang SC, Lee DU, Yang MS, Shabir N, Yoon IJ, Kim B, Kim WI. Evaluation of the Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric PRRSV Vaccine against Two Genetically Diverse PRRSV2 Field Strains in a Reproductive Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111258. [PMID: 34835189 PMCID: PMC8617800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the routine use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-modified live vaccines, serious concerns are currently being raised due to their quick reversion to virulence and limited cross-protection against divergent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains circulating in the field. Therefore, a PRRS chimeric vaccine (JB1) was produced using a DNA-launched infectious clone by replacing open reading frames (ORFs) 3–6 with those from a mixture of two genetically different PRRSV2 strains (K07–2273 and K08–1054) and ORF1a with that from a mutation-resistant PRRSV strain (RVRp22) exhibiting an attenuated phenotype. To evaluate the safety and cross-protective efficacy of JB1 in a reproductive model, eight PRRS-negative pregnant sows were purchased and divided into four groups. Four sows in two of the groups were vaccinated with JB1, and the other 4 sows were untreated at gestational day 60. At gestational day 93, one vaccinated group and one nonvaccinated group each were challenged with either K07–2273 or K08–1054. All of the sows aborted or delivered until gestation day 115 (24 days post challenge), and the newborn piglets were observed up to the 28th day after birth, which was the end of the experiment. Overall, pregnant sows of the JB1-vaccinated groups showed no meaningful viremia after vaccination and significant reductions in viremia with K07–2273 and K08–1054, exhibiting significantly higher levels of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies than non-vaccinated sows. Moreover, the JB1-vaccinated groups did not exhibit any abortion due to vaccination and showed improved piglet viability and birth weight. The piglets from JB1-vaccinated sows displayed lower viral concentrations in serum and fewer lung lesions compared with those of the piglets from the nonvaccinated sows. Therefore, JB1 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate that confers simultaneous protection against two genetically different PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Noh
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Chul Kang
- Animal Clinical Evaluation Center, Optipharm Inc., Cheongju-si 28158, Korea;
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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Wu T, Mu X, Xue Y, Xu Y, Nie Y. Structure-guided steric hindrance engineering of Bacillus badius phenylalanine dehydrogenase for efficient L-homophenylalanine synthesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:207. [PMID: 34689801 PMCID: PMC8543943 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct reductive amination of prochiral 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid (2-OPBA) catalyzed by phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) is highly attractive in the synthesis of the pharmaceutical chiral building block L-homophenylalanine (L-HPA) given that its sole expense is ammonia and that water is the only byproduct. Current issues in this field include a poor catalytic efficiency and a low substrate loading. RESULTS In this study, we report a structure-guided steric hindrance engineering of PheDH from Bacillus badius to create an enhanced biocatalyst for efficient L-HPA synthesis. Mutagenesis libraries based on molecular docking, double-proximity filtering, and a degenerate codon significantly increased catalytic efficiency. Seven superior mutants were acquired, and the optimal triple-site mutant, V309G/L306V/V144G, showed a 12.7-fold higher kcat value, and accordingly a 12.9-fold higher kcat/Km value, than that of the wild type. A paired reaction system comprising V309G/L306V/V144G and glucose dehydrogenase converted 1.08 M 2-OPBA to L-HPA in 210 min, and the specific space-time conversion was 30.9 mmol g-1 L-1 h-1. The substrate loading and specific space-time conversion are the highest values to date. Docking simulation revealed increases in substrate-binding volume and additional degrees of freedom of the substrate 2-OPBA in the pocket. Tunnel analysis suggested the formation of new enzyme tunnels and the expansion of existing ones. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results show that the mutant V309G/L306V/V144G has the potential for the industrial synthesis of L-HPA. The modified steric hindrance engineering approach can be a valuable addition to the current enzyme engineering toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology, Suqian, 223800, China.
| | - Yuyan Xue
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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14
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Alejaldre L, Pelletier JN, Quaglia D. Methods for enzyme library creation: Which one will you choose?: A guide for novices and experts to introduce genetic diversity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100052. [PMID: 34263468 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme engineering allows to explore sequence diversity in search for new properties. The scientific literature is populated with methods to create enzyme libraries for engineering purposes, however, choosing a suitable method for the creation of mutant libraries can be daunting, in particular for the novices. Here, we address both novices and experts: how can one enter the arena of enzyme library design and what guidelines can advanced users apply to select strategies best suited to their purpose? Section I is dedicated to the novices and presents an overview of established and standard methods for library creation, as well as available commercial solutions. The expert will discover an up-to-date tool to freshen up their repertoire (Section I) and learn of the newest methods that are likely to become a mainstay (Section II). We focus primarily on in vitro methods, presenting the advantages of each method. Our ultimate aim is to offer a selection of methods/strategies that we believe to be most useful to the enzyme engineer, whether a first-timer or a seasoned user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Alejaldre
- Département de biochimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Département de biochimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Reiter A, Herbst L, Wiechert W, Oldiges M. Need for speed: evaluation of dilute and shoot-mass spectrometry for accelerated metabolic phenotyping in bioprocess development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3253-3268. [PMID: 33791825 PMCID: PMC8079306 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With the utilization of small-scale and highly parallelized cultivation platforms embedded in laboratory robotics, microbial phenotyping and bioprocess development have been substantially accelerated, thus generating a bottleneck in bioanalytical bioprocess sample analytics. While microscale cultivation platforms allow the monitoring of typical process parameters, only limited information about product and by-product formation is provided without comprehensive analytics. The use of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry can provide such a comprehensive and quantitative insight, but is often limited by analysis runtime and throughput. In this study, we developed and evaluated six methods for amino acid quantification based on two strong cation exchanger columns and a dilute and shoot approach in hyphenation with either a triple-quadrupole or a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry with 13C15N labeled amino acids was used to correct for matrix effects. The versatility of the methods for metabolite profiling studies of microbial cultivation supernatants is confirmed by a detailed method validation study. The methods using chromatography columns showed a linear range of approx. 4 orders of magnitude, sufficient response factors, and low quantification limits (7-443 nM) for single analytes. Overall, relative standard deviation was comparable for all analytes, with < 8% and < 11% for unbuffered and buffered media, respectively. The dilute and shoot methods with an analysis time of 1 min provided similar performance but showed a factor of up to 35 times higher throughput. The performance and applicability of the dilute and shoot method are demonstrated using a library of Corynebacterium glutamicum strains producing L-histidine, obtained from random mutagenesis, which were cultivated in a microscale cultivation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reiter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Herbst
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Systems Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Chory EJ, Gretton DW, DeBenedictis EA, Esvelt KM. Enabling high-throughput biology with flexible open-source automation. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9942. [PMID: 33764680 PMCID: PMC7993322 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of complex living systems is limited by our capacity to perform experiments in high throughput. While robotic systems have automated many traditional hand-pipetting protocols, software limitations have precluded more advanced maneuvers required to manipulate, maintain, and monitor hundreds of experiments in parallel. Here, we present Pyhamilton, an open-source Python platform that can execute complex pipetting patterns required for custom high-throughput experiments such as the simulation of metapopulation dynamics. With an integrated plate reader, we maintain nearly 500 remotely monitored bacterial cultures in log-phase growth for days without user intervention by taking regular density measurements to adjust the robotic method in real-time. Using these capabilities, we systematically optimize bioreactor protein production by monitoring the fluorescent protein expression and growth rates of a hundred different continuous culture conditions in triplicate to comprehensively sample the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fitness landscape. Our results demonstrate that flexible software can empower existing hardware to enable new types and scales of experiments, empowering areas from biomanufacturing to fundamental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Chory
- Media LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Dana W Gretton
- Media LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Erika A DeBenedictis
- Media LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Kevin M Esvelt
- Media LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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17
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Simultaneous directed evolution of coupled enzymes for efficient asymmetric synthesis of l-phosphinothricin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02563-20. [PMID: 33310717 PMCID: PMC8090864 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02563-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional strategy to improve the efficiency of an entire coupled enzyme system relies on separate direction of the evolution of enzymes involved in their respective enzymatic reactions. This strategy can lead to enhanced single-enzyme catalytic efficiency but may also lead to loss of coordination among enzymes. This study aimed to overcome such shortcomings by executing a directed evolution strategy on multiple enzymes in one combined group that catalyzes the asymmetric biosynthesis of l-phosphinothricin. The genes of a glutamate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas moorei (PmGluDH) and a glucose dehydrogenase from Exiguobacterium sibiricum (EsGDH), along with other gene parts (promoters, ribosomal binding sites (RBSs), and terminators) were simultaneously evolved. The catalytic efficiency of PmGluDH was boosted by introducing the beneficial mutation A164G (from 1.29 s-1mM-1 to 183.52 s-1mM-1), and the EsGDH expression level was improved by optimizing the linker length between the RBS and the start codon of gdh. The total turnover numbers of the bioreaction increased from 115 (GluDH WTNADPH) to 5846 (A164GNADPH coupled with low expression of EsGDH), and to 33950 (A164GNADPH coupled with high expression of EsGDH). The coupling efficiency was increased from ∼30% (GluDH_WT with low expression of GDH) to 83.3% (GluDH_A164G with high expression of GDH). In the batch production of l-phosphinothricin utilizing whole-cell catalysis, the strongest biocatalytic reaction exhibited a high space-time yield (6410 g·L-1·d-1) with strict stereoselectivity (>99% enantiomeric excess).Importance: The traditional strategy to improve multienzyme-catalyzed reaction efficiency may lead to enhanced single-enzyme catalytic efficiency but may also result in loss of coordination among enzymes. We describe a directed evolution strategy of an entire coupled enzyme system to simultaneously enhance enzyme coordination and catalytic efficiency. The simultaneous evolution strategy was applied to a multienzyme-catalyzed reaction for the asymmetric synthesis of l-phosphinothricin, which not only enhanced the catalytic efficiency of GluDH but also improved the coordination between GluDH and GDH. Since this strategy is enzyme-independent, it may be applicable to other coupled enzyme systems for chiral chemical synthesis.
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18
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Rodríguez-Núñez K, Bernal C, Martínez R. Immobilized Biocatalyst Engineering: High throughput enzyme immobilization for the integration of biocatalyst improvement strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:61-70. [PMID: 33358947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of sustainable manufacturing technologies in the industry presents a constant challenge for the development of suitable biocatalysts. Traditionally, improved biocatalysts are developed either using protein engineering (PE) or enzyme immobilization (EI). However, these approaches are usually not simultaneously applied. In this work, we designed and validated an enzyme improvement platform, Immobilized Biocatalyst Engineering (IBE), which simultaneously integrates PE and EI, with a unique combination of improvement through amino acid substitutions and attachment to a support material, allowing to select variants that would not be found through single or subsequent PE and EI improvement strategies. Our results show that there is a significant difference on the best performing variants identified through IBE, when compared to those that could be identified as soluble enzymes and then immobilized, especially when evaluating variants with low enzyme as soluble enzymes and high activity when immobilized. IBE allows evaluating thousands of variants in a short time through an integrated screening, and selection can be made with more information, resulting in the detection of highly stable and active heterogeneous biocatalysts. This novel approach can translate into a higher probability of finding suitable biocatalysts for highly demanding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rodríguez-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Enzimas para Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, 1720010 La Serena, Chile
| | - Claudia Bernal
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Enzimas para Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, 1720010 La Serena, Chile; Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Benavente 980, 1720010 La Serena, Chile.
| | - Ronny Martínez
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Enzimas para Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, 1720010 La Serena, Chile.
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19
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A Novel Two-Component System, XygS/XygR, Positively Regulates Xyloglucan Degradation, Import, and Catabolism in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01357-20. [PMID: 32769189 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01357-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulolytic microorganisms play a key role in the global carbon cycle by decomposing structurally diverse plant biopolymers from dead plant matter. These microorganisms, in particular anaerobes such as Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum that are capable of degrading and catabolizing several different polysaccharides, require a fine-tuned regulation of the biosynthesis of their polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. In this study, we present a bacterial regulatory system involved in the regulation of genes enabling the metabolism of the ubiquitous plant polysaccharide xyloglucan. The characterization of R. cellulolyticum knockout mutants suggests that the response regulator XygR and its cognate histidine kinase XygS are essential for growth on xyloglucan. Using in vitro and in vivo analyses, we show that XygR binds to the intergenic region and activates the expression of two polycistronic transcriptional units encoding an ABC transporter dedicated to the uptake of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and the two-component system itself together with three intracellular glycoside hydrolases responsible for the sequential intracellular degradation of the imported oligosaccharides into mono- and disaccharides. Interestingly, XygR also upregulates the expression of a distant gene coding for the most active extracellular cellulosomal xyloglucanase of R. cellulolyticum by binding to the upstream intergenic region.IMPORTANCE Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum is a Gram-positive, mesophilic, anaerobic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic bacterium. The last property qualifies this species as a model species for the study of hemicellulose degradation, import of degradation products, and overall regulation of these phenomena. In this study, we focus on the regulation of xyloglucan dextrin import and intracellular degradation and show that the two components of the two-component regulation system XygSR are essential for growth on xyloglucan and that the response regulator XygR regulates the transcription of genes involved in the extracellular degradation of the polysaccharide, the import of degradation products, and their intracellular degradation.
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20
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Hoffmann KM, Goncuian ES, Karimi KL, Amendola CR, Mojab Y, Wood KM, Prussia GA, Nix J, Yamamoto M, Lathan K, Orion IW. Cofactor Complexes of DesD, a Model Enzyme in the Virulence-related NIS Synthetase Family. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3427-3437. [PMID: 32885650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The understudied nonribosomal-peptide-synthetase-independent siderophore (NIS) synthetase family has been increasingly associated with virulence in bacterial species due to its key role in the synthesis of hydroxamate and carboxylate "stealth" siderophores. We have identified a model family member, DesD, from Streptomyces coelicolor, to structurally characterize using a combination of a wild-type and a Arg306Gln variant in apo, cofactor product AMP-bound, and cofactor reactant ATP-bound complexes. The kinetics in the family has been limited by solubility and reporter assays, so we have developed a label-free kinetics assay utilizing a single-injection isothermal-titration-calorimetry-based method. We report second-order rate constants that are 50 times higher than the previous estimations for DesD. Our Arg306Gln DesD variant was also tested under identical buffer and substrate conditions, and its undetectable activity was confirmed. These are the first reported structures for DesD, and they describe the critical cofactor coordination. This is also the first label-free assay to unambiguously determine the kinetics for an NIS synthetase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road #3700, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, United States
| | - Eliana S Goncuian
- Department of Chemistry, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road #3700, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, United States
| | - Kimya L Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road #3700, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, United States
| | - Caroline R Amendola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99258, United States
| | - Yasi Mojab
- Department of Chemistry, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road #3700, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, United States
| | - Kaitlin M Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99258, United States
| | - Gregory A Prussia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99258, United States
| | - Jay Nix
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Margaret Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99258, United States
| | - Kiera Lathan
- Department of Chemistry, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road #3700, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, United States
| | - Iris W Orion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99258, United States
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21
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Mehrshahi P, Nguyen GTDT, Gorchs Rovira A, Sayer A, Llavero-Pasquina M, Lim Huei Sin M, Medcalf EJ, Mendoza-Ochoa GI, Scaife MA, Smith AG. Development of Novel Riboswitches for Synthetic Biology in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1406-1417. [PMID: 32496044 PMCID: PMC7309327 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA regulatory elements that bind specific ligands to control gene expression. Because of their modular composition, where a ligand-sensing aptamer domain is combined with an expression platform, riboswitches offer unique tools for synthetic biology applications. Here we took a mutational approach to determine functionally important nucleotide residues in the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitch in the THI4 gene of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, allowing us to carry out aptamer swap using THIC aptamers from Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis thaliana. These chimeric riboswitches displayed a distinct specificity and dynamic range of responses to different ligands. Our studies demonstrate ease of assembly as 5'UTR DNA parts, predictability of output, and utility for controlled production of a high-value compound in Chlamydomonas. The simplicity of riboswitch incorporation in current design platforms will facilitate the generation of genetic circuits to advance synthetic biology and metabolic engineering of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mehrshahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Ginnie Trinh D. T. Nguyen
- Glanbia Performance Nutrition Canada Inc., 3500 Lacey Road, Suite 1200, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, United States
| | - Aleix Gorchs Rovira
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Andrew Sayer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Marcel Llavero-Pasquina
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Michelle Lim Huei Sin
- John Swire & Sons (H.K.) Ltd. 33/F One Pacific Place, 88 Queensway, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elliot J. Medcalf
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | | | - Mark A. Scaife
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101A Research Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4T6, Canada
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
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22
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Ilić Đurđić K, Ece S, Ostafe R, Vogel S, Balaž AM, Schillberg S, Fischer R, Prodanović R. Flow cytometry-based system for screening of lignin peroxidase mutants with higher oxidative stability. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:664-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Pang B, Zhou L, Cui W, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Production of a Thermostable Pullulanase in
Bacillus subtilis
by Optimization of the Expression Elements. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Li Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi 214122 China
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24
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Improvement in oxidative stability of versatile peroxidase by flow cytometry-based high-throughput screening system. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Liu L. Intra-Molecular Homologous Recombination of Scarless Plasmid. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051697. [PMID: 32131382 PMCID: PMC7084384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many methods have been reported, plasmid construction compromises transformant efficiency (number of transformants per ng of DNAs) with plasmid accuracy (rate of scarless plasmids). An efficient method is two-step PCR serving DNA amplification. An accurate method is ExnaseII cloning serving homology recombination (HR). We combine DNA amplification and HR to develop an intra-molecular HR by amplifying plasmid DNAs to contain homology 5'- and 3'-terminus and recombining the plasmid DNAs in vitro. An example was to construct plasmid pET20b-AdD. The generality was checked by constructing plasmid pET21a-AdD and pET22b-AdD in parallel. The DNAs having 30-bp homology arms were optimal for intra-molecular HR, and transformation of which created 14.2 transformants/ng and 90% scarless plasmids, more than the two-step PCR and the ExnaseII cloning. Transformant efficiency correlated with the component of nicked circular plasmid DNAs of HR products, indicating nick modification in vivo leads to scar plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liang
- The Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liangwei Liu
- The Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-6355-5790
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26
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Liang C, Zhang X, Wu J, Mu S, Wu Z, Jin JM, Tang SY. Dynamic control of toxic natural product biosynthesis by an artificial regulatory circuit. Metab Eng 2020; 57:239-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Jajesniak P, Tee KL, Wong TS. PTO-QuickStep: A Fast and Efficient Method for Cloning Random Mutagenesis Libraries. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163908. [PMID: 31405219 PMCID: PMC6720219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
QuickStep is a cloning method that allows seamless point integration of a DNA sequence at any position within a target plasmid using only Q5 High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase and DpnI endonuclease. This efficient and cost-effective method consists of two steps: two parallel asymmetric PCRs, followed by a megaprimer-based whole-plasmid amplification. To further simplify the workflow, enhance the efficiency, and increase the uptake of QuickStep, we replaced the asymmetric PCRs with a conventional PCR that uses phosphorothioate (PTO) oligos to generate megaprimers with 3' overhangs. The ease and speed of PTO-QuickStep were demonstrated through (1) right-first-time cloning of a 1.8 kb gene fragment into a pET vector and (2) creating a random mutagenesis library for directed evolution. Unlike most ligation-free random mutagenesis library creation methods (e.g., megaprimer PCR of whole plasmid [MEGAWHOP]), PTO-QuickStep does not require the gene of interest to be precloned into an expression vector to prepare a random mutagenesis library. Therefore, PTO-QuickStep is a simple, reliable, and robust technique, adding to the ever-expanding molecular toolbox of synthetic biology and expediting protein engineering via directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jajesniak
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kang Lan Tee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Tuck Seng Wong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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28
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Growth-coupled evolution of phosphoketolase to improve l-glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8413-8425. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Liu Z, Zheng W, Ge C, Cui W, Zhou L, Zhou Z. High-level extracellular production of recombinant nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis WB800 by multiple tandem promoters. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:89. [PMID: 31064343 PMCID: PMC6505213 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nattokinase (NK), which is a member of the subtilisin family, is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme that might be useful for thrombosis therapy. Extensive work has been done to improve its production for the food industry. The aim of our study was to enhance NK production by tandem promoters in Bacillus subtilis WB800. Results Six recombinant strains harboring different plasmids with a single promoter (PP43, PHpaII, PBcaprE, PgsiB, PyxiE or PluxS) were constructed, and the analysis of the fibrinolytic activity showed that PP43 and PHpaII exhibited a higher expression activity than that of the others. The NK yield that was mediated by PP43 and PHpaII reached 140.5 ± 3.9 FU/ml and 110.8 ± 3.6 FU/ml, respectively. These promoters were arranged in tandem to enhance the expression level of NK, and our results indicated that the arrangement of promoters in tandem has intrinsic effects on the NK expression level. As the number of repetitive PP43 or PHpaII increased, the expression level of NK was enhanced up to the triple-promoter, but did not increase unconditionally. In addition, the repetitive core region of PP43 or PHpaII could effectively enhance NK production. Eight triple-promoters with PP43 and PHpaII in different orders were constructed, and the highest yield of NK finally reached 264.2 ± 7.0 FU/ml, which was mediated by the promoter PHpaII-PHpaII-PP43. The scale-up production of NK that was promoted by PHpaII-PHpaII-PP43 was also carried out in a 5-L fermenter, and the NK activity reached 816.7 ± 30.0 FU/mL. Conclusions Our studies demonstrated that NK was efficiently overproduced by tandem promoters in Bacillus subtilis. The highest fibrinolytic activity was promoted by PHpaII-PHpaII-PP43, which was much higher than that had been reported in previous studies. These multiple tandem promoters were used successfully to control NK expression and might be useful for improving the expression level of the other genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1461-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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Land H, Campillo-Brocal JC, Svedendahl Humble M, Berglund P. B-factor Guided Proline Substitutions in Chromobacterium violaceum Amine Transaminase: Evaluation of the Proline Rule as a Method for Enzyme Stabilization. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1297-1304. [PMID: 30637901 PMCID: PMC6593452 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is attracting interest in the chemical industry as a sustainable alternative in large‐scale chemical transformations. However, low operational stability of naturally evolved enzymes is a challenge and major efforts are required to engineer protein stability, usually by directed evolution. The development of methods for protein stabilization based on rational design is of great interest, as it would minimize the efforts needed to generate stable enzymes. Here we present a rational design strategy based on proline substitutions in flexible areas of the protein identified by analyzing B‐factors. Several proline substitutions in the amine transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum were shown to have a positive impact on stability with increased half‐life at 60 °C by a factor of 2.7 (variant K69P/D218P/K304P/R432P) as well as increased melting temperature by 8.3 °C (variant K167P). Finally, the presented method utilizing B‐factor analysis in combination with the proline rule was deemed successful at increasing the stability of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Land
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Molecular Biomimetics, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan C Campillo-Brocal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Berglund
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Enhanced activity and substrate tolerance of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by directed evolution for 7-ketolithocholic acid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2665-2674. [PMID: 30734123 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
7-Ketolithocholic acid (7-KLCA) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). UDCA is the main effective component of bear bile powder that is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of human cholesterol gallstones. 7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) is the key enzyme used in the industrial production of 7-KLCA. Unfortunately, the natural 7α-HSDHs reported have difficulty meeting the requirements of industrial application, due to their poor activities and strong substrate inhibition. In this study, a directed evolution strategy combined with high-throughput screening was applied to improve the catalytic efficiency and tolerance of high substrate concentrations of NADP+-dependent 7α-HSDH from Clostridium absonum. Compared with the wild type, the best mutant (7α-3) showed 5.5-fold higher specific activity and exhibited 10-fold higher and 14-fold higher catalytic efficiency toward chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and NADP+, respectively. Moreover, 7α-3 also displayed significantly enhanced tolerance in the presence of high concentrations of substrate compared to the wild type. Owing to its improved catalytic efficiency and enhanced substrate tolerance, 7α-3 could efficiently biosynthesize 7-KLCA with a substrate loading of 100 mM, resulting in 99% yield of 7-KLCA at 2 h, in contrast to only 85% yield of 7-KLCA achieved for the wild type at 16 h.
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32
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Merritt A, Booms P, Shaw MA, Miller DM, Daly C, Bilmen JG, Stowell KM, Allen PD, Steele DS, Hopkins PM. Assessing the pathogenicity of RYR1 variants in malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:533-543. [PMID: 28403410 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background . Missense variants in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene ( RYR1 ) are associated with malignant hyperthermia but only a minority of these have met the criteria for use in predictive DNA diagnosis. We examined the utility of a simplified method of segregation analysis and a functional assay for determining the pathogenicity of recurrent RYR1 variants associated with malignant hyperthermia. Methods . We identified previously uncharacterised RYR1 variants found in four or more malignant hyperthermia families and conducted simplified segregation analyses. An efficient cloning and mutagenesis strategy was used to express ryanodine receptor protein containing one of six RYR1 variants in HEK293 cells. Caffeine-induced calcium release, measured using a fluorescent calcium indicator, was compared in cells expressing each variant to that in cells expressing wild type ryanodine receptor protein. Results. We identified 43 malignant hyperthermia families carrying one of the six RYR1 variants. There was segregation of genotype with the malignant hyperthermia susceptibility phenotype in families carrying the p.E3104K and p.D3986E variants, but the number of informative meioses limited the statistical significance of the associations. HEK293 functional assays demonstrated an increased sensitivity of RyR1 channels containing the p.R2336H, p.R2355W, p.E3104K, p.G3990V and p.V4849I compared with wild type, but cells expressing p.D3986E had a similar caffeine sensitivity to cells expressing wild type RyR1. Conclusions . Segregation analysis is of limited value in assessing pathogenicity of RYR1 variants in malignant hyperthermia. Functional analyses in HEK293 cells provided evidence to support the use of p.R2336H, p.R2355W, p.E3104K, p.G3990V and p.V4849I for diagnostic purposes but not p.D3986E.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merritt
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P Booms
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M-A Shaw
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D M Miller
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C Daly
- Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - J G Bilmen
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - K M Stowell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P D Allen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D S Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P M Hopkins
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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33
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Cassette hybridization for vector assembly application in antibody chain shuffling. Biotechniques 2018; 65:269-274. [DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene assembly methods are an integral part of molecular cloning experiments. The majority of existing vector assembly methods stipulate a need for exonucleases, endonucleases and/or the use of single-stranded DNA as starting materials. Here, we introduced a vector assembly method that employs conventional PCR to amplify stable double-stranded DNA fragments and assembles them into functional vectors specifically for antibody chain shuffling. We successfully formed vectors using cassettes amplified from different templates and assembled an array of single chain fragment variable clones of fixed variable heavy chain, with different variable light chains – a chain shuffling process for antibody maturation. The method provides an easy alternative to the conventional cloning process.
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34
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She W, Ni J, Shui K, Wang F, He R, Xue J, Reetz MT, Li A, Ma L. Rapid and Error-Free Site-Directed Mutagenesis by a PCR-Free In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenic System. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2236-2244. [PMID: 30075075 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The quality and efficiency of any PCR-based mutagenesis technique may not be optimal due to, among other things, amino acid bias, which means that the development of efficient PCR-free methods is desirable. Here, we present a highly efficient in vitro CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenic (ICM) system that allows rapid construction of designed mutants in a PCR-free manner. First, it involves plasmid digestion by utilizing a complex of Cas9 with specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) followed by degradation with T5 exonuclease to generate a 15 nt homologous region. Second, primers containing the desired mutations are annealed to form the double-stranded DNA fragments, which are then ligated into the linearized plasmid. In theory, neither the size of the target plasmid nor the unavailable restriction enzyme site poses any problems that may arise in traditional techniques. In this study, single and multiple site-directed mutagenesis were successfully performed even for a large size plasmid (up to 9.0 kb). Moreover, a PCR-free site-saturation mutagenesis library on single site and two adjacent sites of a green fluorescent protein was also generated with promising results. This demonstrates the great potential of the ICM system for creating high-quality mutant libraries in directed evolution as an alternative to PCR-based saturation mutagenesis, thus facilitating research on synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen She
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Ke Shui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Ruyi He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Jinhui Xue
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Muelheim, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aitao Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
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35
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Directed evolution of a penicillin V acylase from Bacillus sphaericus to improve its catalytic efficiency for 6-APA production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 119:65-70. [PMID: 30243389 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin acylase is commonly used to produce the medical intermediates of 6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-Aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) in industrial process. Nowadays, Penicillin G acylase (PGA) has been widely applied for making pharmaceutical intermediates, while penicillin V acylase (PVA) has been less used for that due to its low activity and poor conversion. In this study, a PVA from Bacillus sphaericus (BspPVA) was employed for directed evolution study with hoping to increase its catalytic efficiency. Finally, a triple mutant BspPVA-3 (T63S/N198Y/S110C) was obtained with 12.4-fold specific activity and 11.3-fold catalytic efficiency higher than BspPVA-wt (wild type of BspPVA). Moreover, the conversion yields of 6-APA catalyzed by BspPVA-3 reached 98% with 20% (w/v) penicillin V as substrate, which was significantly higher than that of the BspPVA-wt (85%). Based on the analysis of modeling, the enhancement of specific activity of mutant BspPVA-3 was probably attributed to the changes in the number of hydrogen bonds within the molecules. The triple mutant PVA developed in this study has a potential for large-scale industrial application for 6-APA production.
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36
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Wang XX, Lin CP, Zhang XJ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Improvement of a newly cloned carbonyl reductase and its application to biosynthesize chiral intermediate of duloxetine. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Zhang Y, Feng K, Hu J, Shi L, Wei P, Xu Z, Shen G, Li M, Xu Q, He L. A microRNA-1 gene, tci-miR-1-3p, is involved in cyflumetofen resistance by targeting a glutathione S-transferase gene, TCGSTM4, in Tetranychus cinnabarinus. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:352-364. [PMID: 29424082 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-1 (miR-1) is a well-studied conservative microRNA (miRNA) involved in immune responses in mammals and insects. However, little is known about its role in pesticide resistance in arthropods. In this study, we found that a microRNA belong to miR-1 family (tci-miR-1-3p) was significantly down-regulated in a cyflumetofen-resistant strain (CYR) of Tetranychus cinnabarinus compared with its homologous susceptible strain (SS), indicating an involvement of miR-1 in cyflumetofen resistance in mites. One glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene (TCGSTM4, a mu class GST gene), a candidate target gene of tci-miR-1-3p, was found to be significantly down-regulated when tci-miR-1-3p was over-expressed. The specific interaction between tci-miR-1-3p and the target sequence in the 3' untranslated region of TCGSTM4 was confirmed. A decrease or increase in tci-miR-1-3p abundance through feeding miRNA inhibitors or mimics significantly increased or decreased TCGSTM4 expressions at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. In addition, an over-expression of tci-miR-1-3p resulted in a decrease in the tolerance of T. cinnabarinus to cyflumetofen in both SS and CYR strains, and vice versa. After decreasing TCGSTM4 transcription via RNA interference, T. cinnabarinus became more sensitive to cyflumetofen in both resistant and susceptible mites, and the change in mortality was greater in CYR than that in SS. Moreover, the recombinant TCGSTM4 could significantly decompose cyflumetofen, indicating that TCGSTM4 is a functional gene responsible for cyflumetofen resistance in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - K Feng
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Hu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Shi
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - P Wei
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - G Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Q Xu
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - L He
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Li A, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Reetz MT. Boosting the efficiency of site-saturation mutagenesis for a difficult-to-randomize gene by a two-step PCR strategy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6095-6103. [PMID: 29785500 PMCID: PMC6013526 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Site-saturation mutagenesis (SSM) has been used in directed evolution of proteins for a long time. As a special form of saturation mutagenesis, it involves individual randomization at a given residue with formation of all 19 amino acids. To date, the most efficient embodiment of SSM is a one-step PCR-based approach using NNK codon degeneracy. However, in the case of difficult-to-randomize genes, SSM may not deliver all of the expected 19 mutants, which compels the user to invest further efforts by applying site-directed mutagenesis for the construction of the missing mutants. To solve this problem, we developed a two-step PCR-based technique in which a mutagenic primer and a non-mutagenic (silent) primer are used to generate a short DNA fragment, which is recovered and then employed as a megaprimer to amplify the whole plasmid. The present two-step and older one-step (partially overlapped primer approach) procedures were compared by utilizing cytochrome P450-BM3, which is a "difficult-to-randomize" gene. The results document the distinct superiority of the new method by checking the library quality on DNA level based on massive sequence data, but also at amino acid level. Various future applications in biotechnology can be expected, including the utilization when constructing mutability landscapes, which provide semi-rational information for identifying hot spots for protein engineering and directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitao Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Muelheim, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Muelheim, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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39
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Wang J, Liu Z, Zhou Z. The N-Terminal Domain of the Pullulanase fromAnoxybacillussp. WB42 Modulates Enzyme Specificity and Thermostability. Chembiochem 2018; 19:949-955. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Faculty of Biology; East China University of Technology; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
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40
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Zhou Z, Li M, Xu JH, Zhang ZJ. A Single Mutation Increases the Activity and Stability ofPectobacterium carotovorumNitrile Reductase. Chembiochem 2018; 19:521-526. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Min Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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41
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Campelo D, Lautier T, Urban P, Esteves F, Bozonnet S, Truan G, Kranendonk M. The Hinge Segment of Human NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase in Conformational Switching: The Critical Role of Ionic Strength. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:755. [PMID: 29163152 PMCID: PMC5670117 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is a redox partner of microsomal cytochromes P450 and is a prototype of the diflavin reductase family. CPR contains 3 distinct functional domains: a FMN-binding domain (acceptor reduction), a linker (hinge), and a connecting/FAD domain (NADPH oxidation). It has been demonstrated that the mechanism of CPR exhibits an important step in which it switches from a compact, closed conformation (locked state) to an ensemble of open conformations (unlocked state), the latter enabling electron transfer to redox partners. The conformational equilibrium between the locked and unlocked states has been shown to be highly dependent on ionic strength, reinforcing the hypothesis of the presence of critical salt interactions at the interface between the FMN and connecting FAD domains. Here we show that specific residues of the hinge segment are important in the control of the conformational equilibrium of CPR. We constructed six single mutants and two double mutants of the human CPR, targeting residues G240, S243, I245 and R246 of the hinge segment, with the aim of modifying the flexibility or the potential ionic interactions of the hinge segment. We measured the reduction of cytochrome c at various salt concentrations of these 8 mutants, either in the soluble or membrane-bound form of human CPR. All mutants were found capable of reducing cytochrome c yet with different efficiency and their maximal rates of cytochrome c reduction were shifted to lower salt concentration. In particular, residue R246 seems to play a key role in a salt bridge network present at the interface of the hinge and the connecting domain. Interestingly, the effects of mutations, although similar, demonstrated specific differences when present in the soluble or membrane-bound context. Our results demonstrate that the electrostatic and flexibility properties of the hinge segment are critical for electron transfer from CPR to its redox partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campelo
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas Lautier
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Urban
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Francisco Esteves
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sophie Bozonnet
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Truan
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Kranendonk
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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42
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Lee JS, Pan JJ, Ramamoorthy G, Poulter CD. Structure–Function Studies of Artemisia tridentata Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and Chrysanthemyl Diphosphate Synthase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Morphogenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14556-14567. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Scott Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jian-Jung Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gurusankar Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - C. Dale Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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43
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Wang Y, van Assen AH, Reis CR, Setroikromo R, van Merkerk R, Boersma YL, Cool RH, Quax WJ. Novel RANKL DE-loop mutants antagonize RANK-mediated osteoclastogenesis. FEBS J 2017. [PMID: 28627025 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Aart H.G. van Assen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R. Reis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Merkerk
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Ykelien L. Boersma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Robbert H. Cool
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
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44
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Wu J, Jiang P, Chen W, Xiong D, Huang L, Jia J, Chen Y, Jin JM, Tang SY. Design and application of a lactulose biosensor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45994. [PMID: 28387245 PMCID: PMC5384092 DOI: 10.1038/srep45994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study the repressor of Escherichia coli lac operon, LacI, has been engineered for altered effector specificity. A LacI saturation mutagenesis library was subjected to Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) dual screening. Mutant LacI-L5 was selected and it is specifically induced by lactulose but not by other disaccharides tested (lactose, epilactose, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose and melibiose). LacI-L5 has been successfully used to construct a whole-cell lactulose biosensor which was then applied in directed evolution of cellobiose 2-epimerase (C2E) for elevated lactulose production. The mutant C2E enzyme with ~32-fold enhanced expression level was selected, demonstrating the high efficiency of the lactulose biosensor. LacI-L5 can also be used as a novel regulatory tool. This work explores the potential of engineering LacI for customized molecular biosensors which can be applied in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peixia Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dandan Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linglan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junying Jia
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Ming Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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45
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Substrate Recognition and Modification by a Pathogen-Associated Aminoglycoside Resistance 16S rRNA Methyltransferase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00077-17. [PMID: 28289026 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00077-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogen-associated 16S rRNA methyltransferase NpmA catalyzes m1A1408 modification to block the action of structurally diverse aminoglycoside antibiotics. Here, we describe the development of a fluorescence polarization binding assay and its use, together with complementary functional assays, to dissect the mechanism of NpmA substrate recognition. These studies reveal that electrostatic interactions made by the NpmA β2/3 linker collectively are critical for docking of NpmA on a conserved 16S rRNA tertiary surface. In contrast, other NpmA regions (β5/β6 and β6/β7 linkers) contain several residues critical for optimal positioning of A1408 but are largely dispensable for 30S binding. Our data support a model for NpmA action in which 30S binding and adoption of a catalytically competent state are distinct: docking on 16S rRNA via the β2/3 linker necessarily precedes functionally critical 30S substrate-driven conformational changes elsewhere in NpmA. This model is also consistent with catalysis being completely positional in nature, as the most significant effects on activity arise from changes that impact binding or stabilization of the flipped A1408 conformation. Our results provide a molecular framework for aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase action that may serve as a functional paradigm for related enzymes and a starting point for development of inhibitors of these resistance determinants.
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46
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Huang Q, Alcock F, Kneuper H, Deme JC, Rollauer SE, Lea SM, Berks BC, Palmer T. A signal sequence suppressor mutant that stabilizes an assembled state of the twin arginine translocase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1958-E1967. [PMID: 28223511 PMCID: PMC5347605 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615056114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-arginine protein translocation (Tat) system mediates transport of folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The Tat system of Escherichia coli is made up of TatA, TatB, and TatC components. TatBC comprise the substrate receptor complex, and active Tat translocases are formed by the substrate-induced association of TatA oligomers with this receptor. Proteins are targeted to TatBC by signal peptides containing an essential pair of arginine residues. We isolated substitutions, locating to the transmembrane helix of TatB that restored transport activity to Tat signal peptides with inactivating twin arginine substitutions. A subset of these variants also suppressed inactivating substitutions in the signal peptide binding site on TatC. The suppressors did not function by restoring detectable signal peptide binding to the TatBC complex. Instead, site-specific cross-linking experiments indicate that the suppressor substitutions induce conformational change in the complex and movement of the TatB subunit. The TatB F13Y substitution was associated with the strongest suppressing activity, even allowing transport of a Tat substrate lacking a signal peptide. In vivo analysis using a TatA-YFP fusion showed that the TatB F13Y substitution resulted in signal peptide-independent assembly of the Tat translocase. We conclude that Tat signal peptides play roles in substrate targeting and in triggering assembly of the active translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Alcock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Kneuper
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Justin C Deme
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Rollauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ben C Berks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom;
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47
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Shao W, Ma K, Le Y, Wang H, Sha C. Development and Use of a Novel Random Mutagenesis Method: In Situ Error-Prone PCR (is-epPCR). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1498:497-506. [PMID: 27709598 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6472-7_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution methods are increasingly needed to improve gene and protein properties. Error-prone PCR is the most efficient method to introduce random mutations by reducing the fidelity of the DNA polymerase. However, a highly efficient process is required for constructing and screening a diverse mutagenesis library since a large pool of transformants is needed to generate a desired mutant. We developed a method called in situ error-prone PCR (is-epPCR) to improve the efficiency of constructing a mutation library for directed evolution. This method offers the following advantages: (1) closed-circular PCR products can be directly transformed into competent E. coli cells and easily selected by using an alternative antibiotic; (2) a mutant library can be created and screened by one-step error-prone amplification of a variable DNA region in an expression plasmid; and (3) accumulation of desired mutations in one sequence can be obtained by multiple rounds of is-epPCR. Is-epPCR offers a novel, convenient, and efficient approach for improving genes and proteins through directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Shao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Kesen Ma
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yilin Le
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chong Sha
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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48
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Abdallah II, Czepnik M, van Merkerk R, Quax WJ. Insights into the Three-Dimensional Structure of Amorpha-4,11-diene Synthase and Probing of Plasticity Residues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2455-2463. [PMID: 27673334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphadiene synthase (ADS) is known for its vital role as a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. Despite the vast research targeting this enzyme, an X-ray crystal structure of the enzyme has not yet been reported. In spite of the remarkable difference in product profile among various sesquiterpene synthases, they all share a common α-helical fold with many highly conserved regions especially the bivalent metal ion binding motifs. Hence, to better understand the structural basis of the mechanism of ADS, a reliable 3D homology model representing the conformation of the ADS enzyme and the position of its substrate, farnesyl diphosphate, in the active site was constructed. The model was generated using the reported crystal structure of α-bisabolol synthase mutant, an enzyme with high sequence identity with ADS, as a template. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the active site residues. Seven residues were probed showing their vital role in the ADS mechanism and/or their effect on product profile. The generated variants confirmed the validity of the ADS model. This model will serve as a basis for exploring structure-function relationships of all residues in the active site to obtain further insight into the ADS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingy I Abdallah
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Czepnik
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Merkerk
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Kim JE, Huang R, Chen H, You C, Zhang YHP. Facile Construction of Random Gene Mutagenesis Library for Directed Evolution Without the Use of Restriction Enzyme in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1142-50. [PMID: 27367290 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A foolproof protocol was developed for the construction of mutant DNA library for directed protein evolution. First, a library of linear mutant gene was generated by error-prone PCR or molecular shuffling, and a linear vector backbone was prepared by high-fidelity PCR. Second, the amplified insert and vector fragments were assembled by overlap-extension PCR with a pair of 5'-phosphorylated primers. Third, full-length linear plasmids with phosphorylated 5'-ends were self-ligated with T4 ligase, yielding circular plasmids encoding mutant variants suitable for high-efficiency transformation. Self-made competent Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) showed a transformation efficiency of 2.4 × 10(5) cfu/µg of the self-ligated circular plasmid. Using this method, three mutants of mCherry fluorescent protein were found to alter their colors and fluorescent intensities under visible and UV lights, respectively. Also, one mutant of 6-phosphorogluconate dehydrogenase from a thermophilic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica was found to show the 3.5-fold improved catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km ) on NAD(+) as compared to the wild-type. This protocol is DNA-sequence independent, and does not require restriction enzymes, special E. coli host, or labor-intensive optimization. In addition, this protocol can be used for subcloning the relatively long DNA sequences into any position of plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eung Kim
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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50
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Cheng J, Guan C, Cui W, Zhou L, Liu Z, Li W, Zhou Z. Enhancement of a high efficient autoinducible expression system in Bacillus subtilis by promoter engineering. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 127:81-87. [PMID: 27426133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Quorum-sensing related promoter srfA (PsrfA) was used to construct autoinducible expression system for production of recombinant proteins in Bacillus subtilis. PsrfA was prominent in the unique property of inducer-free activity that is closely correlated with cell density. Here, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter protein, PsrfA was optimized by shortening its sequences and changing the nucleotides at the conserved regions of -35 -15 and -10 regions, obtaining a library of PsrfA derivatives varied in the strength of GFP production. Among all the promoter mutants, the strongest promoter P10 was selected and the strength in GFP expression was 150% higher than that of PsrfA. Heterologous protein of aminopeptidase and nattokinase could be overexpressed by P10, the activities of which were 360% and 50% higher than that of PsrfA, respectively. These results suggested that the enhanced promoter P10 could be used to develop autoinducible expression system for overexpression of heterologous proteins in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Cheng
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chengran Guan
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Weijiang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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