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Ndongo Sonfack DJ, Tanguay Boivin C, Touzel Deschênes L, Maurand T, Maguemoun C, Berthod F, Gros-Louis F, Champagne PO. Bioengineering Human Upper Respiratory Mucosa: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art of Cell Culture Techniques. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:826. [PMID: 39199784 PMCID: PMC11352167 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper respiratory mucosa plays a crucial role in both the physical integrity and immunological function of the respiratory tract. However, in certain situations such as infections, trauma, or surgery, it might sustain damage. Tissue engineering, a field of regenerative medicine, has found applications in various medical fields including but not limited to plastic surgery, ophthalmology, and urology. However, its application to the respiratory system remains somewhat difficult due to the complex morphology and histology of the upper respiratory tract. To date, a culture protocol for producing a handleable, well-differentiated nasal mucosa has yet to be developed. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of research pertaining to cell culture techniques used for producing autologous healthy human upper respiratory cells and mucosal tissues, as well as describe its clinical applications. METHODS A search of the relevant literature was carried out with no time restriction across Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline Ovid databases. Keywords related to "respiratory mucosa" and "culture techniques of the human airway" were the focus of the search strategy for this review. The risk of bias in retained studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal tools for qualitative research. A narrative synthesis of our results was then conducted. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were included in this review, and thirteen of these focused solely on developing a cell culture protocol without further use. The rest of the studies used their own developed protocol for various applications such as cystic fibrosis, pharmacological, and viral research. One study was able to develop a promising model for nasal mucosa that could be employed as a replacement in nasotracheal reconstructive surgery. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review extensively explored the current state of research regarding cell culture techniques for producing tissue-engineered nasal mucosa. Bioengineering the nasal mucosa holds great potential for clinical use. However, further research on mechanical properties is essential, as the comparison of engineered tissues is currently focused on morphology rather than comprehensive mechanical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaine Joel Ndongo Sonfack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clémence Tanguay Boivin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - Lydia Touzel Deschênes
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thibault Maurand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - Célina Maguemoun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - François Berthod
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
| | - Pierre-Olivier Champagne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Kaufman JW, Singh BK, Durnell LA, Sinn PL. Representative measles virus infection requires appropriate airway epithelia culture conditions. J Virol 2023; 97:e0105123. [PMID: 37732787 PMCID: PMC10617594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01051-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE For many years, measles virus (MeV) was assumed to first enter the host via the apical surface of airway epithelial cells and subsequently spread systemically. We and others reported that MeV has an overwhelming preference for entry at the basolateral surface of airway epithelial cells, which led to a fundamental new understanding of how MeV enters a human host. This unexpected observation using well-differentiated primary cultures of airway epithelia from human donors contradicted previous studies using immortalized cultured cells. Here, we show that appropriate differentiation and cell morphology of primary human airway epithelial cells are critical to recapitulate MeV infection patterns and pathogenesis of the in vivo airways. By simply culturing primary cells in media containing serum or passaging primary cultures, erroneous results quickly emerge. These results have broad implications for data interpretation related to respiratory virus infection, spread, and release from human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Kaufman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lorellin A. Durnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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3
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Maurizi E, Adamo D, Magrelli FM, Galaverni G, Attico E, Merra A, Maffezzoni MBR, Losi L, Genna VG, Sceberras V, Pellegrini G. Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652214. [PMID: 33842447 PMCID: PMC8026866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Adamo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eustachio Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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4
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Bianchi M, Sivarajan R, Walles T, Hackenberg S, Steinke M. Susceptibility of primary human airway epithelial cells to Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin in two- and three-dimensional culture conditions. Innate Immun 2020; 27:89-98. [PMID: 33317363 PMCID: PMC7780358 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920979354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Bordetella pertussis targets the respiratory epithelium and causes whooping cough. Its virulence factor adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) plays an important role in the course of infection. Previous studies on the impact of CyaA on human epithelial cells have been carried out using cell lines derived from the airways or the intestinal tract. Here, we investigated the interaction of CyaA and its enzymatically inactive but fully pore-forming toxoid CyaA-AC– with primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEC) derived from different anatomical sites (nose and tracheo-bronchial region) in two-dimensional culture conditions. To assess possible differences between the response of primary hAEC and respiratory cell lines directly, we included HBEC3-KT in our studies. In comparative analyses, we studied the impact of both the toxin and the toxoid on cell viability, intracellular cAMP concentration and IL-6 secretion. We found that the selected hAEC, which lack CD11b, were differentially susceptible to both CyaA and CyaA-AC–. HBEC3-KT appeared not to be suitable for subsequent analyses. Since the nasal epithelium first gets in contact with airborne pathogens, we further studied the effect of CyaA and its toxoid on the innate immunity of three-dimensional tissue models of the human nasal mucosa. The present study reveals first insights in toxin–cell interaction using primary hAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bianchi
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rinu Sivarajan
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Steinke
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Kreft ME, Tratnjek L, Lasič E, Hevir N, Rižner TL, Kristan K. Different Culture Conditions Affect Drug Transporter Gene Expression, Ultrastructure, and Permeability of Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Pharm Res 2020; 37:170. [PMID: 32820417 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize a commercially available primary human nasal epithelial cell culture and its gene expression of a wide range of drug transporters under different culture conditions. METHODS Human nasal cells were cultured in three different types of culture media at the air-liquid (A-L) or liquid-liquid (L-L) interfaces for 1 or 3 wks. The effects of the different cell culture conditions were evaluated using light and electron microscopy, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements, permeation studies with dextran, and gene expression profiling of 84 drug transporters. RESULTS The type of culture medium affected cell ultrastructure, TEER, and dextran permeation across epithelia. The expression of 20 drug transporter genes depended on the culture interface and/or time in culture; the A-L interface and longer time in culture favored higher expression levels of five ABC and seven SLC transporters. CONCLUSIONS Culture conditions influence the morphology, barrier formation, permeation properties, and drug transporter expression of human nasal epithelial cells, and this must be taken into consideration during the establishment and validation of in vitro models. A thorough characterization of a nasal epithelial model and its permeability properties is necessary to obtain an appropriate standardized model for the design of aerosol therapeutics and drug transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Lasič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neli Hevir
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d, Biopharma Process & Product Development, Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Kristan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Lek Pharmaceuticals, d.d, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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6
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Ickrath P, Ickrath K, Steinke M, Scherzad A, Kleinsasser N, Lodes N, Bregenzer M, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. DNA Stability, Regeneration Capacity, and Mucociliary Differentiation of Human Nasal Mucosa Cells in Tissue Systems. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1199-1208. [PMID: 32524916 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For culture models of primary cells of the human nasal mucosa, monocultures with epithelial cells (ECs) are used as well as cocultures with ECs and fibroblasts (FBs). Well-differentiated models of the respiratory nasal epithelium can be used for ecogenotoxicological assessments, for experiments on host/pathogen interactions, or tissue engineering. However, long-term cultivation and repeated passaging may induce a loss of DNA integrity or cell functionality. The aim of this study was to evaluate these parameters in test systems created from primary nasal mucosa cells. Enzymatic and sequential cell isolation from nasal tissue was performed. EC monocultures and compartment-separated EC-FB cocultures were cultivated over three passages under air/liquid interface conditions. DNA stability and regenerative capacity at the DNA and chromosomal level as well as proliferation and cell differentiation were examined. Both methods showed equivalent levels of DNA stability and regenerative capacity over all passages. Sequential growth of the coculture provided higher cell purity, while enzymatic cell harvest was associated with FB contamination in EC culture. Mucociliary differentiation was verified with electron microscopy in both methods. Functionality measured by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukins was constant over long-term cultivation. Our data confirm DNA stability in long-term cell cultivation as well as functional integrity in both culture methods. Sequential cell isolation should be favored over enzymatic isolation due to higher culture purity. Impact statement Cell culture models are frequently used for ecogenotoxicological assessments, for experiments on host/pathogen interactions, or tissue engineering. However, DNA stability and functional integrity after long-term cultivation in such tissue models have not been investigated, yet. This study is the first showing systematic and evident data on DNA damage and functional aspects in primary human cell culture models of nasal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ickrath
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Steinke
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Nina Lodes
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bregenzer
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Luengen AE, Kniebs C, Buhl EM, Cornelissen CG, Schmitz-Rode T, Jockenhoevel S, Thiebes AL. Choosing the Right Differentiation Medium to Develop Mucociliary Phenotype of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6963. [PMID: 32332878 PMCID: PMC7181704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of airway epithelium is of interest for respiratory tissue engineering and studying airway diseases. Both applications benefit from the use of primary cells to maintain a mucociliated phenotype and thus physiological functionality. Complex differentiation procedures often lack standardization and reproducibility. To alleviate these shortfalls, we compared differentiation behavior of human nasal epithelial cells in four differentiation media. Cells were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) on collagen-coated inserts. Mucociliary differentiation status after five weeks was analyzed by electron microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The amount of ciliation was estimated and growth factor concentrations were evaluated using ELISA. We found that retinoic-acid-supplemented mixture of DMEM and Airway Epithelial Cell Growth Medium gave most promising results to obtain ciliated and mucus producing nasal epithelium in vitro. We discovered the balance between retinoic acid (RA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor β (FGF-β) to be relevant for differentiation. We could show that low VEGF, EGF and FGF-β concentrations in medium correspond to absent ciliation in specific donors. Therefore, our results may in future facilitate donor selection and non-invasive monitoring of ALI cultures and by this contribute to improved standardization of epithelial in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja E Luengen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Kniebs
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian G Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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8
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Lodes N, Seidensticker K, Perniss A, Nietzer S, Oberwinkler H, May T, Walles T, Hebestreit H, Hackenberg S, Steinke M. Investigation on Ciliary Functionality of Different Airway Epithelial Cell Lines in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:432-440. [PMID: 31696788 PMCID: PMC7187987 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional respiratory tissue models have been generated using, for example, human primary airway epithelial cells (hAEC) or respective cell lines. To investigate ciliopathies, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, the presence of functional kinocilia in vitro is an essential prerequisite. Since access to hAEC of healthy donors is limited, we aimed to identify a respiratory epithelial cell line that is capable to display functional kinocilia on at least 60% of the apical surface. Thus, we cultured four different human respiratory cell lines with human primary airway fibroblasts under airlift conditions, characterized the morphology, and analyzed ciliary function. Only one of the tested cell lines showed beating kinocilia; however, <10% of the whole surface was covered and ciliary beating was undirected. Positive control tissue models using hAEC and fibroblasts displayed expected directed ciliary beating pattern around 11 Hz. Our data show that the available cell lines are not suitable for basic and applied research questions whenever functional kinocilia are required and that, rather, hAEC- or human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue models need to be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lodes
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Seidensticker
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Perniss
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research DZL, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Nietzer
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Oberwinkler
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helge Hebestreit
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Steinke
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Widdicombe JH. Early studies on the surface epithelium of mammalian airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L486-L495. [PMID: 31313615 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00240.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article traces the beginnings of the various areas of physiological research on airway epithelium. First mentioned in 1600, it was not until 1834 that it was found to be ciliated. Goblet and basal cells were described in 1852, to be followed by ~10 other epithelial cell types (the most recent in 2018). It also contains nerve endings and resident leukocytes. Mucociliary clearance was documented in 1835, but the first studies on the ciliary beat cycle did not appear until 1890, and a definitive description was not published until 1981. It was established in 1932 that goblet cells in the cat trachea were unresponsive to cholinergic agents; but only since 1980 or so has any significant progress been made on what does cause them to degranulate. Active transfer of salts across epithelia creates local osmotic gradients that drive transepithelial water flows. Vectorial salt transport was first described for airway epithelium in 1968, and the associated volume flows were measured in 1981. Evidence that airway epithelium releases signaling molecules first appeared in 1981. Since then, scores of molecules have been identified. The pace of research in most areas increased dramatically after the development of confluent, polarized cultures of airway epithelium in the early 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Widdicombe
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
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10
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Zhang H, Yang J, Walters MS, Staudt MR, Strulovici-Barel Y, Salit J, Mezey JG, Leopold PL, Crystal RG. Mandatory role of HMGA1 in human airway epithelial normal differentiation and post-injury regeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14324-14337. [PMID: 29581847 PMCID: PMC5865673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to high levels of expression in aggressive tumors, high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) has recently attracted attention as a potential anti-tumor target. However, HMGA1 is also expressed in normal somatic progenitor cells, raising the question: how might systemic anti-HMGA1 therapies affect the structure and function of normal tissue differentiation? In the present study, RNA sequencing data demonstrated HMGA1 is highly expressed in human airway basal stem/progenitor cells (BC), but decreases with BC differentiation in air-liquid interface cultures (ALI). BC collected from nonsmokers, healthy smokers, and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) displayed a range of HMGA1 expression levels. Low initial expression levels of HMGA1 in BC were associated with decreased ability to maintain a differentiated ALI epithelium. HMGA1 down-regulation in BC diminished BC proliferation, suppressed gene expression related to normal proliferation and differentiation, decreased airway epithelial resistance, suppressed junctional and cell polarity gene expression, and delayed wound closure of airway epithelium following injury. Furthermore, silencing of HMGA1 in airway BC in ALI increased the expression of genes associated with airway remodeling in COPD including squamous, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory genes. Together, the data suggests HMGA1 plays a central role in normal airway differentiation, and thus caution should be used to monitor airway epithelial structure and function in the context of systemic HMGA1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philip L Leopold
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Lachowicz-Scroggins ME, Gordon ED, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Jackson ND, MacLeod HJ, Sharp LZ, Sun M, Seibold MA, Fahy JV. Cadherin-26 (CDH26) regulates airway epithelial cell cytoskeletal structure and polarity. Cell Discov 2018; 4:7. [PMID: 29449961 PMCID: PMC5809386 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-017-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarization of the airway epithelial cells (AECs) in the airway lumen is critical to the proper function of the mucociliary escalator and maintenance of lung health, but the cellular requirements for polarization of AECs are poorly understood. Using human AECs and cell lines, we demonstrate that cadherin-26 (CDH26) is abundantly expressed in differentiated AECs, localizes to the cell apices near ciliary membranes, and has functional cadherin domains with homotypic binding. We find a unique and non-redundant role for CDH26, previously uncharacterized in AECs, in regulation of cell-cell contact and cell integrity through maintaining cytoskeletal structures. Overexpression of CDH26 in cells with a fibroblastoid phenotype increases contact inhibition and promotes monolayer formation and cortical actin structures. CDH26 expression is also important for localization of planar cell polarity proteins. Knockdown of CDH26 in AECs results in loss of cortical actin and disruption of CRB3 and other proteins associated with apical polarity. Together, our findings uncover previously unrecognized functions for CDH26 in the maintenance of actin cytoskeleton and apicobasal polarity of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrah E. Lachowicz-Scroggins
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Erin D. Gordon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Jackson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206 USA
| | - Hannah J. MacLeod
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Louis Z. Sharp
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Matthew Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206 USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - John V. Fahy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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12
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Sweerus K, Lachowicz-Scroggins M, Gordon E, LaFemina M, Huang X, Parikh M, Kanegai C, Fahy JV, Frank JA. Claudin-18 deficiency is associated with airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:72-81.e1. [PMID: 27215490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barrier dysfunction and increased permeability may contribute to antigen sensitization and disease progression in asthma. Claudin-18.1 is the only known lung-specific tight junction protein, but its contribution to airway barrier function or asthma is unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to test the hypotheses that claudin-18 is a determinant of airway epithelial barrier function that is downregulated by IL-13 and that claudin-18 deficiency results in increased aeroantigen sensitization and airway hyperresponsiveness. METHODS Claudin-18.1 mRNA levels were measured in airway epithelial brushings from healthy controls and patients with asthma. In patients with asthma, claudin-18 levels were compared with a three-gene-mean marker of TH2 inflammation. Airway epithelial permeability changes due to claudin-18 deficiency were measured in 16HBE cells and claudin-18 null mice. The effect of IL-13 on claudin expression was determined in primary human airway epithelial cells and in mice. Airway hyperresponsiveness and serum IgE levels were compared in claudin-18 null and wild-type mice following aspergillus sensitization. RESULTS Epithelial brushings from patients with asthma (n = 67) had significantly lower claudin-18 mRNA levels than did those from healthy controls (n = 42). Claudin-18 levels were lowest among TH2-high patients with asthma. Loss of claudin-18 was sufficient to impair epithelial barrier function in 16HBE cells and in mouse airways. IL-13 decreased claudin-18 expression in primary human cells and in mice. Claudin-18 null mice had significantly higher serum IgE levels and increased airway responsiveness following intranasal aspergillus sensitization. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that claudin-18 is an essential contributor to the airway epithelial barrier to aeroantigens. Furthermore, TH2 inflammation suppresses claudin-18 expression, potentially promoting sensitization and airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Sweerus
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; San Francisco VA Medical Center and Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Marrah Lachowicz-Scroggins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Erin Gordon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Michael LaFemina
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; San Francisco VA Medical Center and Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Xiaozhu Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; San Francisco VA Medical Center and Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Cindy Kanegai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - James A Frank
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; San Francisco VA Medical Center and Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, Calif.
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13
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Albers S, Thiebes AL, Gessenich KL, Jockenhoevel S, Cornelissen CG. Differentiation of respiratory epithelium in a 3-dimensional co-culture with fibroblasts embedded in fibrin gel. Multidiscip Respir Med 2016; 11:6. [PMID: 26933495 PMCID: PMC4772366 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-016-0046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tracheal tissue engineering is a promising option for the treatment of tracheal defects. In a previous study we proved the suitability of fibrin gel as a scaffold for tracheal tissue engineering. This study investigates whether the differentiation of respiratory epithelium can be increased by culturing epithelial cells in a three dimensional system containing fibroblasts embedded into fibrin gel. Methods Respiratory epithelial cells were isolated from porcine trachea, seeded onto a fibrin gel and kept in air-liquid-interface culture for 33 days. Morphology as well as pan-cytokeratin, MUC5AC and claudin-1 expression of cells cultured on pure fibrin gel were compared to culture on gels containing fibroblasts. Results After two weeks, cells seeded on pure fibrin gel were multilayered, showed hyperproliferation and dedifferentiation. Co-cultured cells built up a pseudostratified epithelium. The differentiation and organization of epithelial structure improved with respect to time. After four weeks, morphology of the co-cultured respiratory epithelium resembled native tracheal epithelium. Immunohistochemistry showed that respiratory epithelium co-cultured with fibroblasts had an increasing similarity of pan-cytokeratin expression compared to native trachea. Cells cultured without fibroblasts differed in pan-cytokeratin expression from native trachea and did not show any improvement of differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining of MUC5AC and claudin-1 proved seeded cells being respiratory epithelial cells. Conclusions This study indicates that adding fibroblasts to fibrin gel positively influences the differentiation of respiratory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Albers
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of the RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of the RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai L Gessenich
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of the RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department for Internal Medicine - Section for Pneumology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany ; Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of the RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian G Cornelissen
- Department for Internal Medicine - Section for Pneumology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany ; Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of the RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Min KA, Rosania GR, Shin MC. Human Airway Primary Epithelial Cells Show Distinct Architectures on Membrane Supports Under Different Culture Conditions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:191-203. [PMID: 26818810 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate drug development for lung delivery, it is highly demanding to establish appropriate airway epithelial cell models as transport barriers to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of drug molecules. Besides the cancer-derived cell lines, as the primary cell model, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells have been used for drug screenings because of physiological relevance to in vivo. Therefore, to accurately interpret drug transport data in NHBE measured by different laboratories, it is important to know biophysical characteristics of NHBE grown on membranes in different culture conditions. In this study, NHBE was grown on the polyester membrane in a different medium and its transport barrier properties as well as cell architectures were fully characterized by functional assays and confocal imaging throughout the days of cultures. Moreover, NHBE cells on inserts in a different medium were subject to either of air-interfaced culture (AIC) or liquid-covered culture (LCC) condition. Cells in the AIC condition were cultivated on the membrane with medium in the basolateral side only, whereas cells with medium in apical and basolateral sides under the LCC condition. Quantitative microscopic imaging with biophysical examination revealed distinct multilayered architectures of differentiated NHBE cells, suggesting NHBE as functional cell barriers for the lung-targeting drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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15
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VanWagoner TM, Atack JM, Nelson KL, Smith HK, Fox KL, Jennings MP, Stull TL, Smith AL. The modA10 phasevarion of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae R2866 regulates multiple virulence-associated traits. Microb Pathog 2015; 92:60-67. [PMID: 26718097 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a human restricted commensal and pathogen that elicits inflammation by adhering to and invading airway epithelia cells: transcytosis across these cells can result in systemic infection. NTHi strain R2866 was isolated from the blood of a normal 30-month old infant with meningitis, and is unusual for NTHi in that it is able to cause systemic infection. Strain R2866 is able to replicate in normal human serum due to expression of lgtC which mimics human blood group p(k). R2866 contains a phase-variable DNA methyltransferase, modA10 which switches ON and OFF randomly and reversibly due to polymerase slippage over a long tetrameric repeat tract located in its open reading frame. Random gain or loss of repeats during replication can results in expressed (ON), or not expressed (OFF) states, the latter due to a frameshift or transcriptional termination at a premature stop codon. We sought to determine if the unusual virulence of R2866 was modified by modA10 phase-variation. A modA10 knockout mutant was found to have increased adherence to, and invasion of, human ear and airway monolayers in culture, and increased invasion and transcytosis of polarized human bronchial epithelial cells. Intriguingly, the rate of bacteremia was lower in the infant rat model of infection than a wild-type R2866 strain, but the fatality rate was greater. Transcriptional analysis comparing the modA10 knockout to the R2866 wild-type parent strain showed increased expression of genes in the modA10 knockout whose products mediate cellular adherence. We conclude that loss of ModA10 function in strain R2866 enhances colonization and invasion by increasing expression of genes that allow for increased adherence, which can contribute to the increased virulence of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M VanWagoner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, OK, USA
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Kevin L Nelson
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Hannah K Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Kate L Fox
- School of Chemical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Terrence L Stull
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, OK, USA
| | - Arnold L Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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16
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Zhang H, Fu W, Xu Z. Re-epithelialization: a key element in tracheal tissue engineering. Regen Med 2015; 10:1005-23. [PMID: 26388452 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trachea-tissue engineering is a thriving new field in regenerative medicine that is reaching maturity and yielding numerous promising results. In view of the crucial role that the epithelium plays in the trachea, re-epithelialization of tracheal substitutes has gradually emerged as the focus of studies in tissue-engineered trachea. Recent progress in our understanding of stem cell biology, growth factor interactions and transplantation immunobiology offer the prospect of optimization of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium. In addition, advances in cell culture technology and successful applications of clinical transplantation are opening up new avenues for the construction of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium. Therefore, this review summarizes current advances, unresolved obstacles and future directions in the reconstruction of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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17
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Khoufache K. The vectorial transport of salts and water is crucial for respiratory epithelial cell lines. Respir Res 2015; 16:70. [PMID: 26068044 PMCID: PMC4466861 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary culture of respiratory epithelial cells is useful to study the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. However, such primary culture has been very limited because of its high dependence on the availability of biopsies and the long time required to reach confluence. Therefore, cell lines are an alternative to primary cultures because they reach confluence faster and some can maintain their differentiation abilities. However, unlike primary cultures and native tissues just some cell lines are able to polarize, with normal channel functionality and transepithelial ionic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Khoufache
- Research Center, Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Québec City, QC, Canada.
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18
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Trieu D, Waddell TK, McGuigan AP. A microfluidic device to apply shear stresses to polarizing ciliated airway epithelium using air flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064104. [PMID: 25553181 PMCID: PMC4235625 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organization of airway epithelium determines ciliary beat direction and coordination for proper mucociliary clearance. Fluidic shear stresses have the potential to influence ciliary organization. Here, an in vitro fluidic flow system was developed for inducing long-term airflow shear stresses on airway epithelium with a view to influencing epithelial organization. Our system consists of a fluidic device for cell culture, integrated into a humidified airflow circuit. The fluidic device has a modular design and is made from a combination of polystyrene and adhesive components incorporated into a 6-well filter membrane insert. We demonstrate the system operates within physiologically relevant shear and pressure ranges and estimate the shear stress exerted on the epithelial cell layer as a result of air flow using a computational model. For both the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS2B and primary human tracheal airway epithelial cells, we demonstrate that cells remain viable within the device when exposed to airflow for 24 h and that normal differentiation and cilia formation occurs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of our device for exploring the impact of exposing cells to airflow: our tool enables quantification of cytoskeletal organization, and is compatible with in situ bead assays to assess the orientation of cilia beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Trieu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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19
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Walters MS, De BP, Salit J, Buro-Auriemma LJ, Wilson T, Rogalski AM, Lief L, Hackett NR, Staudt MR, Tilley AE, Harvey BG, Kaner RJ, Mezey JG, Ashbridge B, Moore MAS, Crystal RG. Smoking accelerates aging of the small airway epithelium. Respir Res 2014; 15:94. [PMID: 25248511 PMCID: PMC4189169 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging involves multiple biologically complex processes characterized by a decline in cellular homeostasis over time leading to a loss and impairment of physiological integrity and function. Specific cellular hallmarks of aging include abnormal gene expression patterns, shortened telomeres and associated biological dysfunction. Like all organs, the lung demonstrates both physiological and structural changes with age that result in a progressive decrease in lung function in healthy individuals. Cigarette smoking accelerates lung function decline over time, suggesting smoking accelerates aging of the lung. Based on this data, we hypothesized that cigarette smoking accelerates the aging of the small airway epithelium, the cells that take the initial brunt of inhaled toxins from the cigarette smoke and one of the primary sites of pathology associated with cigarette smoking. METHODS Using the sensitive molecular parameters of aging-related gene expression and telomere length, the aging process of the small airway epithelium was assessed in age matched healthy nonsmokers and healthy smokers with no physical manifestation of lung disease or abnormalities in lung function. RESULTS Analysis of a 73 gene aging signature demonstrated that smoking significantly dysregulates 18 aging-related genes in the small airway epithelium. In an independent cohort of male subjects, smoking significantly reduced telomere length in the small airway epithelium of smokers by 14% compared to nonsmokers. CONCLUSION These data provide biologic evidence that smoking accelerates aging of the small airway epithelium.
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20
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Ghosh M, Ahmad S, Jian A, Li B, Smith RW, Helm KM, Seibold MA, Groshong SD, White CW, Reynolds SD. Human tracheobronchial basal cells. Normal versus remodeling/repairing phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:1127-34. [PMID: 23927678 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0049oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tracheobronchial epithelial (TBE) basal cells (BCs) function as progenitors in normal tissue. However, mechanistic studies are typically performed in vitro and frequently use BCs recovered from patients who die of nonrespiratory disease. It is not known whether the cadaveric epithelium (1) is undergoing homeostatic remodeling and/or repair, or (2) yields BC clones that represent homeostatic processes identified in tissue. We sought to compare the phenotype of TBE-BCs with that of BCs cultured under optimal clone-forming conditions. TBE pathology was evaluated using quantitative histomorphometry. The cultured BC phenotype was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Clone organization and cell phenotype were determined by immunostaining. The cadaveric TBE is 20% normal. In these regions, BCs are keratin (K)-5(+) and tetraspanin CD151(+), and demonstrate a low mitotic index. In contrast, 80% of the cadaveric TBE exhibits homeostatic remodeling/repair processes. In these regions, BCs are K5(+)/K14(+), and a subset expresses tissue factor (TF). Passage 1 TBE cells are BCs that are K5(+)/TF(+), and half coexpress CD151. Optimal clone formation conditions use an irradiated NIH3T3 fibroblast feeder layer (American Type Culture Collection, Frederick, MD) and serum-supplemented Epicult-B medium (Stemcell Technologies, La Jolla, CA). The TF(+)/CD151(-) BC subpopulation is the most clonogenic BC subtype, and is enriched with K14(+) cells. TF(+)/CD151(-) BCs generate clones containing BCs that are K5(+)/Trp63(+), but K14(-)/CD151(-). TF(+) cells are limited to the clone edge. In conclusion, clonogenic human TBE BCs (1) exhibit a molecular phenotype that is a composite of the normal and remodeling/reparative BC phenotypes observed in tissue, and (2) generate organoid clones that contain phenotypically distinct BC subpopulations.
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21
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Walters MS, Gomi K, Ashbridge B, Moore MAS, Arbelaez V, Heldrich J, Ding BS, Rafii S, Staudt MR, Crystal RG. Generation of a human airway epithelium derived basal cell line with multipotent differentiation capacity. Respir Res 2013; 14:135. [PMID: 24298994 PMCID: PMC3907041 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the multipotent progenitor population of the airway epithelium, human airway basal cells (BC) replenish the specialized differentiated cell populations of the mucociliated airway epithelium during physiological turnover and repair. Cultured primary BC divide a limited number of times before entering a state of replicative senescence, preventing the establishment of long-term replicating cultures of airway BC that maintain their original phenotype. METHODS To generate an immortalized human airway BC cell line, primary human airway BC obtained by brushing the airway epithelium of healthy nonsmokers were infected with a retrovirus expressing human telomerase (hTERT). The resulting immortalized cell line was then characterized under non-differentiating and differentiating air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions using ELISA, TaqMan quantitative PCR, Western analysis, and immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining analysis for cell type specific markers. In addition, the ability of the cell line to respond to environmental stimuli under differentiating ALI culture was assessed. RESULTS We successfully generated an immortalized human airway BC cell line termed BCi-NS1 via expression of hTERT. A single cell derived clone from the parental BCi-NS1 cells, BCi-NS1.1, retains characteristics of the original primary cells for over 40 passages and demonstrates a multipotent differentiation capacity into secretory (MUC5AC, MUC5B), goblet (TFF3), Clara (CC10) and ciliated (DNAI1, FOXJ1) cells on ALI culture. The cells can respond to external stimuli such as IL-13, resulting in alteration of the normal differentiation process. CONCLUSION Development of immortalized human airway BC that retain multipotent differentiation capacity over long-term culture should be useful in understanding the biology of BC, the response of BC to environmental stress, and as a target for assessment of pharmacologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York NY, USA.
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22
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Vrana NE, Lavalle P, Dokmeci MR, Dehghani F, Ghaemmaghami AM, Khademhosseini A. Engineering functional epithelium for regenerative medicine and in vitro organ models: a review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:529-43. [PMID: 23705900 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the fields of microfabrication, biomaterials, and tissue engineering have provided new opportunities for developing biomimetic and functional tissues with potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and replacing damaged tissues. An intact epithelium plays an indispensable role in the functionality of several organs such as the trachea, esophagus, and cornea. Furthermore, the integrity of the epithelial barrier and its degree of differentiation would define the level of success in tissue engineering of other organs such as the bladder and the skin. In this review, we focus on the challenges and requirements associated with engineering of epithelial layers in different tissues. Functional epithelial layers can be achieved by methods such as cell sheets, cell homing, and in situ epithelialization. However, for organs composed of several tissues, other important factors such as (1) in vivo epithelial cell migration, (2) multicell-type differentiation within the epithelium, and (3) epithelial cell interactions with the underlying mesenchymal cells should also be considered. Recent successful clinical trials in tissue engineering of the trachea have highlighted the importance of a functional epithelium for long-term success and survival of tissue replacements. Hence, using the trachea as a model tissue in clinical use, we describe the optimal structure of an artificial epithelium as well as challenges of obtaining a fully functional epithelium in macroscale. One of the possible remedies to address such challenges is the use of bottom-up fabrication methods to obtain a functional epithelium. Modular approaches for the generation of functional epithelial layers are reviewed and other emerging applications of microscale epithelial tissue models for studying epithelial/mesenchymal interactions in healthy and diseased (e.g., cancer) tissues are described. These models can elucidate the epithelial/mesenchymal tissue interactions at the microscale and provide the necessary tools for the next generation of multicellular engineered tissues and organ-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal E Vrana
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , INSERM, UMR-S 1121, "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie," Strasbourg Cedex, France
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23
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He X, Fu W, Zheng J. Cell sources for trachea tissue engineering: past, present and future. Regen Med 2013; 7:851-63. [PMID: 23164084 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trachea tissue engineering has been one of the most promising approaches to providing a potential clinical application for the treatment of long-segment tracheal stenosis. The sources of the cells are particularly important as the primary factor for tissue engineering. The use of appropriate cells seeded onto scaffolds holds huge promise as a means of engineering the trachea. Furthermore, appropriate cells would accelerate the regeneration of the tissue even without scaffolds. Besides autologous mature cells, various stem cells, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have received extensive attention in the field of trachea tissue engineering. Therefore, this article reviews the progress on different cell sources for engineering tracheal cartilage and epithelium, which can lead to a better selection and strategy for engineering the trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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Hutter V, Hilgendorf C, Cooper A, Zann V, Pritchard DI, Bosquillon C. Evaluation of layers of the rat airway epithelial cell line RL-65 for permeability screening of inhaled drug candidates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:481-9. [PMID: 22820031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A rat respiratory epithelial cell culture system for in vitro prediction of drug pulmonary absorption is currently lacking. Such a model may however enhance the understanding of interspecies differences in inhaled drug pharmacokinetics by filling the gap between human in vitro and rat in/ex vivo drug permeability screens. The rat airway epithelial cell line RL-65 was cultured on Transwell inserts for up to 21 days at an air-liquid (AL) interface and cell layers were evaluated for their suitability as a drug permeability measurement tool. These layers were found to be morphologically representative of the bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium when cultured for 8 days in a defined serum-free medium. In addition, RL-65 layers developed epithelial barrier properties with a transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) >300 Ω cm(2) and apparent (14)C-mannitol permeability (P(app)) values between 0.5-3.0 × 10(-6)cm/s; i.e., in the same range as established in vitro human bronchial epithelial absorption models. Expression of P-glycoprotein was confirmed by gene analysis and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, no vectorial transport of the established substrates (3)H-digoxin and Rhodamine123 was observed across the layers. Although preliminary, this study shows RL-65 cell layers have the potential to become a useful in vitro screening tool in the pre-clinical development of inhaled drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hutter
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
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Fibrin Gel as Alternative Scaffold for Respiratory Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:679-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abraham G, Zizzadoro C, Kacza J, Ellenberger C, Abs V, Franke J, Schoon HA, Seeger J, Tesfaigzi Y, Ungemach FR. Growth and differentiation of primary and passaged equine bronchial epithelial cells under conventional and air-liquid-interface culture conditions. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:26. [PMID: 21649893 PMCID: PMC3117700 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Horses develop recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) that resembles human bronchial asthma. Differentiated primary equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC) in culture that closely mimic the airway cells in vivo would be useful to investigate the contribution of bronchial epithelium in inflammation of airway diseases. However, because isolation and characterization of EBEC cultures has been limited, we modified and optimized techniques of generating and culturing EBECs from healthy horses to mimic in vivo conditions. Results Large numbers of EBEC were obtained by trypsin digestion and successfully grown for up to 2 passages with or without serum. However, serum or ultroser G proved to be essential for EBEC differentiation on membrane inserts at ALI. A pseudo-stratified muco-ciliary epithelium with basal cells was observed at differentiation. Further, transepithelial resistance (TEER) was more consistent and higher in P1 cultures compared to P0 cultures while ciliation was delayed in P1 cultures. Conclusions This study provides an efficient method for obtaining a high-yield of EBECs and for generating highly differentiated cultures. These EBEC cultures can be used to study the formation of tight junction or to identify epithelial-derived inflammatory factors that contribute to lung diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Abraham
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Song Y, Namkung W, Nielson DW, Lee JW, Finkbeiner WE, Verkman AS. Airway surface liquid depth measured in ex vivo fragments of pig and human trachea: dependence on Na+ and Cl- channel function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L1131-40. [PMID: 19820035 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00085.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway surface liquid (ASL) is the thin fluid layer lining the airways whose depth may be reduced in cystic fibrosis. Prior measurements of ASL depth have been made in airway epithelial cell cultures. Here, we established methodology to measure ASL depth to approximately 1-microm accuracy in ex vivo fragments of freshly obtained human and pig tracheas. Airway fragments were mounted in chambers designed for perfusion of the basal surface and observation of the apical, fluorescently stained ASL by scanning confocal microscopy using a high numerical aperture lens immersed in perfluorocarbon. Measurement accuracy was verified using standards of specified fluid thickness. ASL depth in well-differentiated primary cultures of human nasal respiratory epithelium was 8.0 +/- 0.5 microm (SE 10 cultures) under basal conditions, 8.4 +/- 0.4 microm following ENaC inhibition by amiloride, and 14.5 +/- 1.2 microm following CFTR stimulation by cAMP agonists. ASL depth in human trachea was 7.0 +/- 0.7 microm under basal conditions, 11.0 +/- 1.7 microm following amiloride, 17.0 +/- 3.4 microm following cAMP agonists, and 7.1 +/- 0.5 microm after CFTR inhibition. Similar results were found in pig trachea. This study provides the first direct measurements of ASL depth in intact human airways and indicates the involvement of ENaC sodium channels and CFTR chloride channels in determining ASL depth. We suggest that CF lung disease may be caused by the inability of CFTR-deficient airways to increase their ASL depth transiently following secretory stimuli that in non-CF airways produce transient increases in ASL depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Song
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 94143-0521, USA
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Rajagopal M, Fischer H, Widdicombe JH. Hormonal and purinergic stimulation of bicarbonate secretion in oviducts of rhesus monkey. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E55-62. [PMID: 18430967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00714.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because an increase in the HCO(3)(-) concentration of oviductal liquid at midcycle is believed to markedly enhance fertility, we have studied active secretion of HCO(3)(-) across highly differentiated cultures of monkey oviductal epithelium. Cultured cell sheets were mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed in medium containing 25 mM HCO(3)(-). Purinergic agents potently stimulated short-circuit current (I(sc)) with an initial transient response declining within approximately 2 min to a sustained response. The potency sequence of ATP approximately UTP > ADP >> AMP suggested that the I(sc) response was mediated mainly by P2Y(2) receptors. Acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, had little or no effect on baseline I(sc) or the transient response to ATP but abolished the sustained response to ATP. Similar results were obtained on sheets of native epithelium. In pH-stat experiments, the abluminal medium of cell cultures was bathed in HCO(3)(-)-CO(2) medium, and the pH of the unbuffered luminal medium was maintained at approximately 7.4 by addition of strong acid or base. ATP stimulated base secretion, and this was inhibited by acetazolamide. Furthermore, these changes in secretion of base were in good quantitative agreement with the I(sc) responses. When phenol red (an estrogen) was removed from the culture medium, ATP-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion was markedly reduced but could be restored by treatment with estradiol. Estrogens also markedly increased ciliation of the cultures. These results suggest that the midcycle increase in the HCO(3)(-) concentration of oviductal liquid may be mediated by the effects of estradiol on purinergic pathways or on ATP secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajagopal
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8664, USA
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Abstract
In this review, we summarize the history of tracheal reconstruction and replacement as well as progress in current tracheal substitutes. In Part 1, we covered the historical highlights of grafts, flaps, tube construction, and tissue transplants and addressed the progress made in tracheal stenting as a means of temporary tracheal support. In Part 2 we analyze solid and porous tracheal prostheses in experimental and clinical trials and provide a summary of efforts aimed at generating a bioengineered trachea. In both parts, we provide an algorithm on the spectrum of options available for tracheal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Doss
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Hybiske K, Fu Z, Schwarzer C, Tseng J, Do J, Huang N, Machen TE. Effects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and DeltaF508CFTR on inflammatory response, ER stress, and Ca2+ of airway epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L1250-60. [PMID: 17827250 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00231.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested whether cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia have larger innate immune responses than non-CF or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-corrected cells, perhaps resulting from ER stress due to retention of DeltaF508CFTR in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activation of cytosolic Ca(2+) (Ca(i)) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling. Adenovirus infections of a human CF (DeltaF508/DeltaF508) nasal cell line (CF15) provided isogenic comparisons of wild-type (wt) CFTR and DeltaF508CFTR. In the absence of bacteria, there were no or only small differences among CF15, CF15-lacZ (beta-galactosidase-expressing), CF15-wtCFTR (wtCFTR-corrected), and CF15-DeltaF508CFTR (to test ER retention of DeltaF508CFTR) cells in NF-kappaB activity, interleukin (IL)-8 secretion, Ca(i) responses, and ER stress. Non-CF and CF primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) secreted IL-8 equivalently. Upon infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) or flagellin (key activator for airway epithelia), CF15, CF15-lacZ, CF15-wtCFTR, and CF15DeltaF508CFTR cells exhibited equal PA binding, NF-kappaB activity, and IL-8 secretion; cells also responded similarly to flagellin when both CFTR (forskolin) and Ca(i) signaling (ATP) were activated. CF and non-CF HBE responded similarly to flagellin + ATP. Thapsigargin (Tg, releases ER Ca(2+)) increased flagellin-stimulated NF-kappaB and ER stress similarly in all cells. We conclude that ER stress, Ca(i), and NF-kappaB signaling and IL-8 secretion were unaffected by wt- or DeltaF508CFTR in control and during exposure to PA, flagellin, flagellin + ATP, or flagellin + ATP + forskolin. Tg, but not wt- or DeltaF508CFTR, triggered ER stress. Previous measurements showing hyperinflammatory responses in CF airway epithelia may have resulted from cell-specific, rather than CFTR- or DeltaF508CFTR-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hybiske
- Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, 231 LSA, Univ. of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
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Minuth WW, Strehl R. Technical and theoretical considerations about gradient perfusion culture for epithelia used in tissue engineering, biomaterial testing and pharmaceutical research. Biomed Mater 2007; 2:R1-R11. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/2/2/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rajagopal M, Tollner TL, Finkbeiner WE, Cherr GN, Widdicombe JH. Differentiated structure and function of primary cultures of monkey oviductal epithelium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2007; 42:248-54. [PMID: 17163779 DOI: 10.1290/0602015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have established well-differentiated, polarized cultures of monkey oviductal epithelium. Oviductal epithelial cells were isolated by protease digestion and plated on collagen-coated, porous cell culture inserts. About 5 d after plating, cells developed detectable transepithelial electrical resistance of up to 2000 Omega.cm(2) (an index of tight junction formation) and transepithelial voltages of up to 20 mV (an index of vectorial transepithelial ion transport). Measurements of short-circuit current in Ussing chambers indicated that active secretion of Cl was the major transepithelial active ion transport process, and that this was stimulated by elevation of either cAMP or Ca(i). Furthermore, estimates of the volume of mucosal liquid were consistent with Cl secretion mediating fluid secretion. Various microscopical methods showed that the cultures were densely ciliated and contained mature secretory cells. Transport across the oviductal epithelium determines the composition of the oviductal fluid, and the study of the relevant transport processes will be greatly enhanced by well-differentiated cultures of oviductal epithelium of the kind established here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajagopal
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Maminishkis A, Chen S, Jalickee S, Banzon T, Shi G, Wang FE, Ehalt T, Hammer JA, Miller SS. Confluent monolayers of cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelium exhibit morphology and physiology of native tissue. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:3612-24. [PMID: 16877436 PMCID: PMC1904392 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Provide a reproducible method for culturing confluent monolayers of hfRPE cells that exhibit morphology, physiology, polarity, and protein expression patterns similar to native tissue. METHODS Human fetal eyes were dissected on arrival, and RPE cell sheets were mechanically separated from the choroid and cultured in a specifically designed medium comprised entirely of commercially available components. Physiology experiments were performed with previously described techniques. Standard techniques were used for immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytokine measurement by ELISA. RESULTS Confluent monolayers of RPE cell cultures exhibited epithelial morphology and heavy pigmentation, and electron microscopy showed extensive apical membrane microvilli. The junctional complexes were identified with immunofluorescence labeling of various tight junction proteins. The mean transepithelial potential (TEP) was 2.6 +/- 0.8 mV, apical positive, and the mean transepithelial resistance (R(T)) was 501 +/- 138 Omega . cm(2) (mean +/- SD; n = 35). Addition of 100 microM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the apical bath increased net fluid absorption from 13.6 +/- 2.6 to 18.8 +/- 4.6 microL . cm(-2) per hour (mean +/- SD; n = 4). In other experiments, VEGF was mainly secreted into the basal bath (n = 10), whereas PEDF was mainly secreted into the apical bath (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS A new cell culture procedure has been developed that produces confluent primary hfRPE cultures with morphological and physiological characteristics of the native tissue. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied native human fetal and bovine RPE-choroid explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvydas Maminishkis
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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