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Jahanfar S, Zendehdel M. Contraceptive knowledge, prevalence of contraception use, and the association between sex education and contraception knowledge among university students in Michigan, USA. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1676-1682. [PMID: 38948568 PMCID: PMC11213420 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1212_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The danger of sexual activities among adolescents is worrisome worldwide. This study aimed to delineate total contraception knowledge of university students and the prevalence of contraceptive use, in addition to the association between sex education in school and the students' contraception knowledge. Materials and Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. Results The mean total level of contraceptive knowledge was 16.53 ± 2.38, which ranged from 5 to 18. In response to which method was the most suitable for the youngsters, 36.3% responded pills, 49.2% condoms, 6.3% injection, 0.7% withdrawal, 0.5% periodic abstinence, and 5.9% other. Adjusted to sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, students with a history of sex education in school tended to have a higher level of contraceptive knowledge than those without [AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.15, 2.64]. Moreover, adjusted to the characteristics of one-night stands, students with a high level of contraceptive knowledge agreed that one-night stands were OK compared with those without the knowledge [AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.13]. Conclusion Although the total contraceptive knowledge was satisfactory, more attention should be paid to male students' education. Modern and long-term effective contraceptive methods had better be included in the training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Jahanfar
- MPH Program, School of Public Health and Community Science, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mozhgan Zendehdel
- Reproductive and Sexual Health Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lyimo AA, Guo J, Mushy SE, Mwilike BE. Use of contraceptives and associated factors among male adolescents in rural secondary schools, Coast Region, Tanzania: a school-based cross-sectional study. Contracept Reprod Med 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38424639 PMCID: PMC10905809 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-024-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy is still one of the reproductive health concerns facing adolescents in Tanzania. The problem has been associated with physiological, psychological, and social changes and increases the risk of unsafe abortion and adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes among adolescents. Low utilization of contraceptive methods among adolescents is one of the key causes. The strategy of involving male adolescents in sexual and reproductive health programs can increase the rate of contraceptive use among adolescents, thereby preventing teenage pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with the uptake of contraceptives among male secondary school adolescent students. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural secondary schools in Kisarawe District, Coast Region, Tanzania. Multi-stage sampling methods were used to recruit participants. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence and factors associated with contraceptive use. 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 were considered statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were tested for the Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) respectively. RESULTS The study involved 422 male students with the majority of them 58.1% aged 17-19 years, 50.2% were Muslim, 76.3% were studying in government schools, 62.3% were from households size of 4-6 members, 87.4% were not in a relationship, and 64.2% were living with both parents. Less than half (38.9%) of male students reported ever having sex in their lifetime, and among them, very few (29.8%) used any method of contraceptive. The reported lowest age for the first sex was 10 years. The male condom was the most method used (69.4%) and Pharmacy/Chemist Shops were the common source of contraceptive services (55.1%). Students who had adequate knowledge of contraceptives were more likely to report the use of contraceptive methods compared to those who had inadequate knowledge (AOR = 2.704, 95% CI: 1.220-5.995, p = 0.014). Participants in Private schools were 4.3 times more likely to report the use of contraceptives than those in government schools (AOR = 4.347, 95% CI: 1.758-10.762, p = 0.01). Students in a relationship were 3.5 times more likely than those not in a relationship to report the use of a contraceptive method (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.421-8.670, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The study found the low use of contraceptives among male adolescents who ever had sex in their lifetime. Thus, it's suggested that age-tailored comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education should start to be taught from a very young age as adolescents initiate sex at an early age. Also, Teenage pregnancy prevention programs should involve males as the key players during the development and implementation of the program as most of the decisions among partners are from men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ally Abdul Lyimo
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Stella Emmanuel Mushy
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Beatrice Erastus Mwilike
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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Abeid RA, Sumari EI, Qin C, Lyimo AA, Luttaay GA. Uptake of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Chake District-Pemba Tanzania: a descriptive crossectional study. Contracept Reprod Med 2023; 8:35. [PMID: 37461065 PMCID: PMC10351188 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-023-00234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake of the modern contraceptive method provides chances for women and couples to reach optimal child spacing, achieve the desired family size and prevent unsafe abortions and maternal deaths. Despite the efforts in the health sector still, the contraceptive prevalence rate in Zanzibar remains low (9.1%). In Pemba, few studies have been done on modern contraceptive uptake and little is known about factors that hinder the uptake of modern contraceptives among women of reproductive age. This study investigated the uptake of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age (18-45 years) and its associated factors. METHODS This was a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted in Chake District Hospital, Pemba Tanzania. A stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit 214 eligible participants for the study. After we informed the participants, data were collected using a structured English questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, descriptive analysis was done to determine frequencies. A chi-square test was done to determine the association between the study variables and multivariate logistic regression to check the nature and strength of the association. The p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS This study included 214 women of with majority 79(36.9%) at the age group of 21-30 years, 100(46.7%) had secondary education and 187(87.4%) married. Most of the participants 212(99.1%) have heard about modern contraceptives, with health facilities being the common source of information191(45.3). More than half 120(56.1%) of the participants were not using any modern contraceptive method and injectable 38(40.4%) was the commonly reported method among users. Among the users of modern contraceptives, lack of power to decide 180(84.1%), fear of divorce 141(65.9%), and social perception of users as the cause of reduced workforce in the future 161(75.2%) were common barriers. Participants provided suggestions to improve modern contraceptive uptake including male involvement 203(94.9%) and community awareness 182(85%). Further analysis revealed women with college/university education were 2 times more likely to use modern contraceptives method compared to those with primary or not attended school(p=0.023, OR=2.437, 95% CI: 1.129-5.259). Moreover employed women were 2 times more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to unemployed/housewives (p=0.028, OR=1.844, CI=1.068-3.185). CONCLUSION This study assesses the uptake of modern contraceptives among women of reproductive age. Results showed a low uptake of modern contraceptives in this population. Although the observation in this study is similar to those reported in other countries, the updated information is still important to the policymakers and the Ministry of Health in the studied district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehema Abdalla Abeid
- Department of Preventive Services, Integrated Reproductive and Child Health Program, Ministry Health, Pemba, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Izack Sumari
- Department of Nursing Management Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Chunxiang Qin
- Department of Nursing, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ally Abdul Lyimo
- Department of Community Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Godrian Aron Luttaay
- Department of Nursing, Kibosho Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Moshi, Tanzania
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Nkenguye W, Ismail H, Urassa EP, Yongolo NM, Kagoye S, Msuya SE. Factors Associated with Modern Contraceptive Use Among Out of School Adolescent Girls in Majengo and Njoro Wards of Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. East Afr Health Res J 2023; 7:32-39. [PMID: 37529491 PMCID: PMC10388620 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v7i1.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low uptake of modern contraceptives among adolescents remains a serious public health concern with over 20 million adolescents in need of modern contraceptives are not using any. In Tanzania where the adolescent fertility rate is 112 per 1000, only 15.2% of adolescents are using modern contraceptives. Contraceptive use stands out to be one of the key interventions to reduce the burden of adolescent pregnancy which is high in the country at 22%. There is little information on factors associated with modern contraceptive use among out of school adolescents, who are at an increased risk of adolescent pregnancies. Objective To determine the prevalence and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among out of school adolescent girls in Moshi municipality, Kilimanjaro region. Methodology This was a population based cross-sectional study, conducted in Moshi municipality in Kilimanjaro region 2 wards; Majengo and Njoro. The wards were randomly selected out of the 21 wards in the region. Household survey was conducted in the wards and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who were out of school and consented and or assented to participate in the study were recruited. Data was collected using Kobo Collect TM on an Android device. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. To determine the factors associated with modern contraceptive use, crude and adjusted analysis using logistic regression analysis was done. Results A total of 298 out-of-school adolescents were enrolled, with a median age of 19 (IQR 17-19) years. The prevalence of ever use of modern contraceptives among 154 sexually active adolescents was 51%, and 35% were current users of the methods. Two of common methods ever used were; injectables (27.3%) and male condoms (3.2%) respectively. Factors independently associated with ever use of modern contraceptives were; being married or cohabiting (aOR: 5.7) and having 2 or more sexual partners in the past 12 months (aOR: 5.9). Conclusion Ever and current use of modern contraceptives among out-of-school adolescents were reported at 51% and 35% respectively. Respondent's marital status and number of sexual partners was associated with ever use of modern methods. Strengthening of adolescent-friendly SRH services outside facility setting is needed given very few are currently using a modern method. Further, through inter-sectoral collaboration interventions to keep adolescent girls at school should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nkenguye
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hunaina Ismail
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Sophia Kagoye
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sia E. Msuya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Community Health, KCMC Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
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Kareem YO, Abubakar Z, Adelekan B, Ameyaw EK, Gbagbo FY, Goldson E, Mueller U, Yaya S. Prevalence, Trends, and Factors Associated with Teen Motherhood in Nigeria: An Analysis of the 2008-2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:248-262. [PMID: 38595858 PMCID: PMC10903619 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2189763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background: Teen pregnancy and childbearing are common in Nigeria, and understanding the complexities, such as sociodemographics and economic factors including sexual and reproductive health knowledge and awareness among adolescents over time can trigger innovative approaches and interventions. This study intends to capture the patterns and associated factors of teen motherhood among sexually active adolescents (15-19 years) between 2008 and 2018. Methods: The study data was extracted from 2008, 2013, and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. Descriptive analysis was presented using frequencies and percentages; multivariable analysis was conducted using log-binomial logistic regression at a p-value <0.05. All analyses were performed using Stata 15.0, weighted and adjusted for the complex survey design and population size. Results: The prevalence of teen motherhood increased between the three successive survey waves (50.9% vs. 52.4% vs. 55.2%) from 2008, 2013, and 2018. Although, the pooled adjusted analysis revealed no significant change over the 10-year period. Knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, primary education, non-Catholic Christians, residing in the South-South region, and those currently or formerly married were associated with increased risk of teen motherhood. There was an inverse relationship between teen motherhood and wealth status; lower wealth status was associated with high adolescent pregnancy and childbearing. Conclusion: This study revealed an increase in the proportion of teen pregnancy and childbearing in Nigeria. Notably, there exist variations across age groups, geographic location, educational level, religious belief, marital and economic status. Interventions that ensure comprehensive sexuality education, girl child education, and economic empowerment especially for school dropouts are advocated to reduce teen motherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zubaida Abubakar
- United Nations Population Fund, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Erika Goldson
- United Nations Population Fund, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ulla Mueller
- United Nations Population Fund, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Assessing motivators for utilizing family planning services among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania: Protocol for analytical cross sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282249. [PMID: 36897915 PMCID: PMC10004694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contraceptive services utilization is an important intervention in averting the impact of unwanted and unplanned pregnancy among youth which is an obstacle to the higher learning institutions youth students in attaining their educational goals. Therefore, the current protocol aims to assess the motivators for family planning service utilization among youth student in higher learning institutions in Dodoma Tanzania. METHODS This study will be a cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. A multistage sampling technique will be employed in studying 421 youth students aged between 18 to 24 years using structured self-administered questionnaire adopted from the previous studies. The study outcome will be family planning service utilization and independent variables will be family planning service utilization environment, knowledge factors, and perception factors. Other factors such as socio-demographic characteristics will be assessed if they are confounding factors. A factor will be considered as a confounder if it associates with both the dependent and the independent variables. Multivariable Binary logistic regression will be employed in determining the motivators for family planning utilization. The results will be presented using percentages, frequencies, and Odds Ratios and the association will be considered statistically significant at p-value <0.05.
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Mwamba B, Mayers P, Shea J. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge of postgraduate students at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. Reprod Health 2022; 19:225. [PMID: 36522681 PMCID: PMC9756593 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally and in South Africa, university students' knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is low. This study was conducted in response to the dearth of information about the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of postgraduate students. Research conducted to explore the SRH knowledge of undergraduate students suggests that the level of SRH knowledge among undergraduate students is low. The aim of this study was to determine the SRH knowledge of postgraduate students with regards to contraceptives, sexually transmitted illnesses (STI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Pap smear and clinical breast examination at University of Cape Town (UCT), in South Africa. METHOD A cross sectional survey design was utilized, using an adapted and pretested online questionnaire. The aim of this study was to determine the SRH knowledge of postgraduate students at the UCT. Minor adjustments were made to the questionnaire to suit the South African context. Selected aspects of SRH were included in the current study: knowledge and use of contraceptives, Pap smear, clinical breast examination, STIs and HIV. These variables were considered to be general enough to be answerable by male and female respondents and are the most important considerations in reproductive health care in South Africa, as there is a high prevalence of STIs, HIV and cervical and breast cancers. All postgraduate students enrolled in the first semester of 2017 (9444) were invited to anonymously complete the online survey. Data was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. RESULTS Four hundred and six (406) students completed the online survey, of whom 293 were female and 107 males. The age range of respondents was between 18 and 57 years, with the median age for both male and female respondents being 24 years. Six survey responses were excluded from the statistical analysis because of incomplete data. Post graduate students from the African continent comprised 90.75% of the respondents. Most respondents were white (51.50%) from both Africa and abroad. The results indicated that respondents knew about sexually transmitted infections, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Female respondents were more aware of breast examination, and the role of Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) in SRH. Almost half of the respondents in this study (49%) stated that they had no need for more information about contraceptives. Lecturers were identified as one of the top five sources of information, which suggests that the university environment provides students with important SRH-related information. CONCLUSION Most postgraduate students had knowledge of sexual and reproductive health with regards to contraception, Pap smear, clinical breast examination, STIs, HIV and AIDS. Further research should focus on the relationship between SRH knowledge and usage among this population. As university lecturers were identified as an important source of information across faculties, the University should consider the incorporation of SRH education in the broader curriculum and as an integral component of student health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bupe Mwamba
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pat Mayers
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Associate Professor Emeritus, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ,grid.8974.20000 0001 2156 8226School of Nursing, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jawaya Shea
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Childbearing intentions, fertility awareness knowledge and contraceptive use among female university students in Cameroon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276270. [PMID: 36251661 PMCID: PMC9576058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between fertility awareness knowledge, and contraceptive use among sexually active female university students (FUS) in Cameroon. METHODS This study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey that was conducted between July and August 2018. We extracted and analyzed relevant data (i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, fertility-related characteristics, and contraceptive use) using a modified Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator. Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated, and statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. RESULTS The median age of the sexually active FUS was 23 years (IQR = 21-25) and 99.3% indicated that they wanted to have children. Only 49.3% knew their fertile period and 62.5% of the sexually active FUS were current contraceptive users. We found a statistically significant association between fertility awareness knowledge and period abstinence (PR = 1.57;95%CI: 1.02-2.44, p = 0.049). In multivariate adjusted models, there was a statistically significant association between fertility awareness knowledge and male condom use (APR = 1.29; 95% CI:1.02-1.64, p-value = 0.032) and the withdrawal method (APR = 1.40;95% CI:1.02-1.93, p = 0.038). We found a statistically significant effect modification of "preferred timing to have children" on the association between fertility awareness knowledge and withdrawal method use. There was no association between fertility awareness knowledge and the use of oral contraceptive pills. CONCLUSION Most of the female students intend to have children in the future, but their fertility awareness knowledge was suboptimal. There was a statistically significant relationship between fertility awareness knowledge, and the use of male condoms and the withdrawal method. The study underscores the need for FUS to be targeted with interventions to help them gain knowledge of their menstrual cycle to better plan or avoid unwanted pregnancy.
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Hamdanieh M, Ftouni L, Al Jardali B, Ftouni R, Rawas C, Ghotmi M, El Zein MH, Ghazi S, Malas S. Assessment of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and awareness among single unmarried women living in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 33509225 PMCID: PMC7842035 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and reproductive health (SRH), a globally recognized fundamental health concern and a basic human right is poorly addressed and seldom researched in the Arab world. Disregarding this aspect of health creates various obstacles to accessing SRH related services and education. This threatens the health of a female, namely through increasing the probability of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions, augmenting the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and most importantly, increasing the hazard of maternal and neonatal death. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of SRH related knowledge and awareness among single unmarried women living in Lebanon. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in both English and Arabic languages. The questionnaire included 9 sections; socio-demographic characteristics section, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) section, premarital tests section, vaccines section, menstruation and its abnormalities section, pregnancy symptoms and identification section, methods of contraception section, vitamins section, and honeymoon events section. The questionnaire was distributed among all Lebanese governorates to 491 single unmarried women living in Lebanon aged between 17 and 55 years. Student t-test and Chi-Square test were used to analyze results. RESULTS It was found that only 8.8% of all the participants had adequate knowledge. The highest level of SRH related knowledge was about pregnancy (88.0%), and the least was about contraception (13.5%). Most of the knowledgeable participants lived in Beirut governorate (13.6%, n = 8) and had reached universities (10.3%, n = 41), but this was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). The effect of a prior visit to a gynecologist was statistically non-significant on the overall level of knowledge (p-value = 0.269). CONCLUSION Due to the inadequate level of knowledge, SRH education campaigns empowered by the Ministry of Public Health in collaboration with primary care physicians and gynecologists, are recommended in both the societal and academic sectors to enhance the awareness level and make SRH knowledge readily available among unmarried women aged between 17 and 55. Knowing the massive role of social media nowadays, the messages they present should contribute to enhancing the level of SRH knowledge and redirect attitudes and behaviors of unmarried females in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hamdanieh
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Louna Ftouni
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Racha Ftouni
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chaymaa Rawas
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marina Ghotmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Sara Ghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salah Malas
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Baloyi V, Kganakga K, Madzhie M, Chueng M. An exploration of the causes of student pregnancy and psychological stressors experienced by pregnant students at University of Venda, South Africa. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1863176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Baloyi
- Department of Psychology, University of Venda, South Africa
| | | | - Mpho Madzhie
- Department of Psychology, University of Venda, South Africa
| | - Maphuti Chueng
- Research Office, School of Health Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Utilization and Associated Factors among College Students at West Arsi Zone in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:3408789. [PMID: 32908460 PMCID: PMC7468662 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3408789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young people are challenged with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems due to limited access to services and information. It contributes a high burden of sexually transmitted disease, unsafe abortion, and premature mortality, especially in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the SRH service utilization and associated factors among college students at West Arsi Zone in Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 519 randomly selected college students from January 01, 2019, up to April 30, 2019. Data were collected through self-administered pretested questionnaires. Data entry and analysis for descriptive and logistic regression models were performed by using SPSS (version 23). The result was declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results The utilization of at least one SRH service in the last twelve months was seen in 304 (58.6%) students. Mainly information and counseling (81.3%), voluntary testing and counseling for HIV (80.6%), condom service (37.2%), pregnancy test (35.5%), family planning services (33.2%), and abortion care services (26.0%) were most frequently utilized. The students' aged between 20 and 24 years [AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.38–3.06], female students [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.30–2.82], those not living with family [AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05–2.26], those who discussed about SRH with family/friends [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31–2.82], and those who participated in school clubs [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.58] more frequently used SRH service compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The utilization of SRH services was low when compared with other studies and needs improvements to tackle RH-related problems. It requires pertinent health education and the SRH club at higher educational institutions is crucial.
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Yussuf MH, Elewonibi BR, Rwabilimbo MM, Mboya IB, Mahande MJ. Trends and predictors of changes in modern contraceptive use among women aged 15-49 years in Tanzania from 2004-2016: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234980. [PMID: 32598371 PMCID: PMC7323946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modern contraceptive use provides opportunities for women and couples to achieve optimal child spacing, achieve desired family size and reduce unsafe abortions. Despite these facts, modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) in Tanzania remains as low as 32%. This study aimed to determine trends and factors associated with changes in modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Tanzania from 2004–2016. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study utilizing data from Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys of 2004–2005, 2010 and 2015–2016. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 14. Analysis considered the complex survey design through application of weights, clustering and strata. Multivariable Poisson decomposition analysis was used to assess factors associated with changes in modern contraceptive use. Results were presented in the form of decomposition coefficients and percentages. Results Modern contraceptive use increased from 23.0% in 2004 to 34.3% in 2016. Differences in women’s characteristics contributed 12.5% of the increase in mCPR. These characteristics include partner’s education levels, recent sexual activity and being visited by a family planning worker. The difference in coefficients contributed 87.5% increase in mCPR. The most increase in modern contraceptive use was attributed to rural population (44.1%) and women who experienced a termination of pregnancy (7.1%). Conclusion Modern contraceptive use has steadily increased in Tanzania. Health policies and interventions need to target sexually active women, rural residents as well as less educated women and men to maintain and further accelerate the trends in mCPR. Interventions focusing on women who experienced a termination of pregnancy may also serve as an entry point to promote use of modern contraceptive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashavu H. Yussuf
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Bilikisu R. Elewonibi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martin M. Rwabilimbo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Innocent B. Mboya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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Massawa O, Kazaura M. Use of modern contraceptives among advanced-level secondary school girls in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, 2018. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 33:449-456. [PMID: 32549184 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine contraceptive uptake, reasons for non-use and predictors of use. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among girls in advanced-level secondary schools in the Rukwa region of Tanzania. Using probability proportional to size (PPS), we recruited a random sample of 660 girls out of 1447-targeted participants. A tool for data collection was a questionnaire. Data analyses included univariate analysis to describe study participants and Poisson regression analysis to assess the effect of independent factors to the dependent variable. A 5%-level of significance was used in multivariate analysis. RESULTS More than 40% of the girls report being sexually active and only 25% reported current use of modern contraceptives. The main reported main method being use of male condoms (93%). Barriers for non-use of contraceptives included fear of side effects, fear of being perceived or labeled as promiscuous, inadequate knowledge about contraceptives and for religious reasons. The predictor for using modern contraceptives was attending class sessions about modern contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS Although girls in advanced-level secondary schools are sexually active, the use of modern contraceptives is still low. Girls report several barriers frustrating their intention to use contraceptives, mainly based on misconceptions and lack of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Method Kazaura
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Epidemiology/Biostatistics, P. O. Box 65015, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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14
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Mushy SE, Tarimo EAM, Fredrick Massae A, Horiuchi S. Barriers to the uptake of modern family planning methods among female youth of Temeke District in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A qualitative study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2020; 24:100499. [PMID: 32050123 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the accessibility of modern family planning (FP) methods, unwanted pregnancies remains a serious problem in Tanzania. This study aimed to identify the barriers to the uptake of modern FP methods among female youth reached by the Chaguo la Maisha project in Temeke District, Tanzania. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study conducted in March 2017 involving 15 female youths aged 18-24 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Purposive sampling was used to select study participants and sampling followed the principle of data saturation. The study participants were those who received contraceptive counseling from community health mobilizers and agreed to visit a nearby health facility for FP services but did not go for the services. A semi-structured interview guide, translated into Kiswahili language was used. Data were transcribed; analyzed following qualitative content analysis. Major categories and subcategories that hindered visitations were identified. RESULTS Three categories and their subcategories were identified as hindering FP method uptake. (1) individual perception factors: (a) myths and misconceptions, (b) fear of side effects, (c) fear of the possibility of being pregnant at the time of FP counseling; (2) community perception factors: discouragement from an intimate partner and closest friends; and (3) health facility system factors: unavailability of the preferred method and absence of the trained personnel for the FP method. CONCLUSIONS The main barriers to FP uptake were myths and misconceptions, and fear of side effects. The intimate partner or closest friends were significant decision influencers on contraceptive use, implying that FP campaigns should focus beyond the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella E Mushy
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Edith A M Tarimo
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Agnes Fredrick Massae
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Shigeko Horiuchi
- St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan.
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Kara WSK, Benedicto M, Mao J. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Contraception Methods Among Female Undergraduates in Dodoma, Tanzania. Cureus 2019; 11:e4362. [PMID: 31192067 PMCID: PMC6550495 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Contraception is regarded as an important preventive measure of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), among youths. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraception among female undergraduates in Dodoma, Tanzania. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 female undergraduates of St John’s University, Dodoma. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi-Info version 7.2.2.6 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean (±SD) age of participants was 27.4 (± 5.7). The majority (96%) of the participants were aware of contraception. Awareness of contraception was significantly associated with the age (p<0.0001), marital status (p<0.00001), and religion of the participating students (p=0.02). Slightly less than half (47.4%) of the students reported having ever used at least one type of contraception while feeling embarrassed to buy or ask for contraception (64.6%) and differing religious beliefs (32.3%) were among the reasons reported by students for not using contraception. Conclusion Despite the relatively low utilization of contraception, the majority of the participants had knowledge of contraception. This calls for efforts to advocate the effective utilization of reproductive and sexual health services among youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheeda Shokat K Kara
- Nursing Psychiatry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | | | - Jing Mao
- Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
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Atiglo DY, Biney AAE. Correlates of sexual inactivity and met need for contraceptives among young women in Ghana. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:139. [PMID: 30107790 PMCID: PMC6092790 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Young women in sub-Saharan Africa continue to experience unintended pregnancies despite effective contraceptive methods being more readily available than ever. This study sought to determine the correlates of met need for contraceptives and sexual inactivity among young women in Ghana who want to postpone childbearing. We examine this among all women and then separately by marital status. Methods Using data from 1532 females aged 15–24 years from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, we conducted descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess sociodemographic, economic and obstetric determinants of the type of family planning method (current abstinence, modern contraceptive method) used by married and unmarried young women. Results A higher proportion (~ 44%) of the respondents was currently abstinent compared to those with met need (~ 25%). Abstinence was higher among single young women while unmet and met need were higher among the married. Having at least senior high school education was significantly associated with the likelihood of current abstinence (especially among single women) and with met need. Being in the middle and rich categories, on the other hand, was associated with lower likelihood of current abstinence and a met need. Compared with multiparous women, those with one or no surviving child had a lower likelihood of being abstinent and having a met need. Other correlates of both current abstinence and met need are region of residence and ethnicity, while previous pregnancy termination and age were associated with abstinence and contraceptive use, respectively. Conclusions Unmet need is high among young women but abstinence is an option they are using. As reproductive health programmes target the at-risk groups, the secondary and higher educational levels must be attained by most women as this is associated with use of abstinence and met need.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yaw Atiglo
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adriana A E Biney
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Family, personal, and social factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods during the first sexual experience in adolescent women. J Public Health Policy 2017; 39:100-110. [DOI: 10.1057/s41271-017-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sen S, Cetinkaya A, Cavuslar A. Perceptıon scale of barrıers to contraceptıve use: a methodologıcal study. FERTILITY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 3:11. [PMID: 28794891 PMCID: PMC5543743 DOI: 10.1186/s40738-017-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to design and develop the Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use (PSBCU) as a measurement tool for the qualitative assessment of the barriers and obstacles women perceived with regard to contraceptive use or low rates of contraceptive use in women using family planning services. METHOD The data for this methodological study were collected using the face-to-face interview technique from 320 married women between the ages of 15-49 who were attending clinics at the Hafsa Sultan Hospital, CBU. The data collection tools used in the study, which was carried out from May to September 2014, were the "Introductory Information Form" and the "Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use". Language validity and construct validity (explanatory factor analysis) were applied in order to test the validity of the Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use. RESULTS Kaiser Meier Olkin (KMO) analysis was performed to determine the availability of the scale for the size of participants. The sample adequacy calculated as the KMO value was 0.916 and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (X2 = 6721.793 p < 0.000) sample size analysis value was found to be sufficient for factor analysis. The total Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 34 items which included three factors explaining 54.95% of the variance after Varimax rotation was calculated to be 0.95. The largest factor was the "cognitive domain" explaining 18.89% of the variance, followed by the "emotional domain" explaining 18.05% of the variance, and finally the "social domain" explaining 18.01% of the variance. Item-total score correlation coefficients of scale items were found to be between 0.54 and 0.83. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrateded that the "Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use" was valid and reliable. We believe that the scale is suitable for use by women in a family planning education and training programs in order to evaluate their situation. It should also be assessed for validity and reliability for different groups (adolescents, men, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Sen
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Sciences, Celal Bayar University, 45100 Sehzadeler, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aynur Cetinkaya
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Sciences, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aysel Cavuslar
- Hafsa Sultan Hospital, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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