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Auimekhakul T, Suttajit S, Suwannaprom P. Pharmaceutical public health competencies for Thai pharmacists: A scoping review with expert consultation. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2024; 14:100444. [PMID: 38712325 PMCID: PMC11070631 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thai pharmacists' roles have increasingly shifted to a system-focused role in providing public health services. A competency framework in this area is essential to workforce development. Objective This study aimed to summarize and synthesize the literature on pharmaceutical public health competencies of Thai pharmacists. Methods The Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases were searched. The search criteria included "public health", "health promotion", "primary care", "community pharmacy", "pharmacy" and "pharmacist". Documents published in English and Thai between January 2011 and December 2020 were also examined. Unpublished documents were included. A 3-step inductive coding technique was used to develop the competency framework. To validate the findings, a 2-round, modified Delphi method was employed with 20 Thai pharmaceutical specialists between August 2022 and January 2023. The Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was used to assess validity. Results The database search yielded 1429 articles. Fifty-seven articles were selected. The analysis identified 5 competency domains. The domains, along with their related competency elements and behavioral statements, were provided for expert assessment. The S-CVI scores in the first and second rounds were 0.78 and 0.93, respectively. The terminology and categories of competencies have been improved. This outcome resulted in a pharmaceutical public health competency framework for Thai pharmacists. The framework consists of 5 competency domains: 1) individual and family health promotion (3 competency elements with 10 behavioral statements), 2) community empowerment for well-being communities (6 competency elements with 23 behavioral statements), 3) information management and evidence-based practice (3 competency elements with 10 behavioral statements), 4) communication for health promotion (3 competency elements with 6 behavioral statements), and 5) pharmacoepidemiology and support for public health emergencies and epidemics (2 competency elements with 5 behavioral statements). Conclusion Pharmaceutical public health competencies for Thai pharmacists were developed through extensive literature review and expert consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanayut Auimekhakul
- Consumer Health Protection and Pharmaceutical Public Health, Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health Office, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Master's Degree Program in Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siritree Suttajit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puckwipa Suwannaprom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Navarrete J, Hughes CA, Yuksel N, Schindel TJ, Yamamura S, Terajima T, Sriboonruang T, Patikorn C, Anantachoti P. Community Pharmacists' Experiences and Attitudes towards the Provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: An International Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111530. [PMID: 37297670 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services remains a challenge worldwide. Describing community pharmacists' SRH services in countries with different scopes of practice will aid in understanding how pharmacists view their roles and how to support them in providing needed services. A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered to pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Japan, Thailand, and Canada. The survey covered 7 SRH categories: pregnancy tests, ovulation tests, contraception, emergency contraception, sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, maternal and perinatal health, and general sexual health. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. A total of 922 eligible responses were included in the analysis (Japan = 534, Thailand = 85, and Canada = 303). Most Thai and Canadian participants reported dispensing hormonal contraceptives (Thailand = 99%, Canada = 98%) and emergency contraceptive pills (Thailand = 98%, Canada = 97%). Most Japanese participants provided patient education on barrier contraceptives for men (56%) and information on the safety of medications in pregnancy (74%) and breastfeeding (76%). The majority of participants expressed interest in additional training and expanding their roles in SRH. Sharing international experiences can guide challenges faced by the evolution of pharmacists' practice in SRH. Providing pharmacists support could help their readiness for this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Navarrete
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Christine A Hughes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Nese Yuksel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Theresa J Schindel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Shigeo Yamamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Terajima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
| | - Tatta Sriboonruang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanthawat Patikorn
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Puree Anantachoti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Suwannaprom P, Suttajit S, Eakanunkul S, Supapaan T, Kessomboon N, Udomaksorn K, Sakulbumrungsil R. Development of pharmacy competency framework for the changing demands of Thailand's pharmaceutical and health services. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2020; 18:2141. [PMID: 33343773 PMCID: PMC7732214 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Thailand, pharmacists are responsible for all activities to ensure access to medicines throughout pharmaceutical supply chain. Competency framework (CF) is an important guidance for professional development and workforce planning. Objective This study aimed to explore needs for pharmacy services in pharmaceutical supply chain and competencies of pharmacists to serve those needs. It was the first step for developing evidence-based pharmacy CF within the context of Thailand in 2026. Methods A qualitative method using in-depth interviews to gain rich data from practitioners and leaders in all area of practices. 99 key informants from 56 workplaces in Thailand were interviewed during January and March 2016. Data was transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was used. Competencies were extracted, followed by several rounds of group discussion among team members to develop an initial framework. The competencies and CF were presented, and recommendations were gained from professional leaders for refining the findings. Results The key informants agreed that pharmacist's works and responsibilities have gradually been drifted to support changes in healthcare and pharmaceutical systems. The upcoming pharmaceutical services call for higher standards of practice, larger number of personnel, and skillful pharmacists who have strong foundation in pharmaceutical knowledge as well as an ability to integrate knowledge into practices. Two sets of CFs were established. The general CF comprises five core domains: product focus, patient focus, healthcare system focus, community focus, and personal focus for self-improvement. These general competencies allow practitioners to perform basic professional tasks, including providing information, dispensing, and compounding. The service-specific competency is the integration of general competencies tailored into specific area of practice. Conclusions Regarding the professional goal to evolve pharmacists from generalists to specialists for providing higher quality of professional services, the pharmacists are required to demonstrate general competencies and service-specific competencies. The findings serve as the need-based evidence for developing a national CF for pharmacists in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puckwipa Suwannaprom
- PhD. Assistant professor. Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University. Chiang Mai (Thailand).
| | - Siritree Suttajit
- PhD. Assistant professor. Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University. Chiang Mai (Thailand).
| | - Suntara Eakanunkul
- PhD. Assistant professor. Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University. Chiang Mai (Thailand).
| | - Teeraporn Supapaan
- PhD. Associate professor. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University. Ubon Ratchathani (Thailand).
| | - Nusaraporn Kessomboon
- PhD. Associate professor. Faculty of Pharmacy, Khon Kaen University. Khon Kaen (Thailand).
| | - Khunjira Udomaksorn
- PhD. Assistant professor. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University. Songkhla (Thailand).
| | - Rungpetch Sakulbumrungsil
- PhD. Assistant professor. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. Bangkok (Thailand).
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Shapiro NL, Lin H, Lau AH. Creation and delivery of a clinical pharmacy practice and education program for international participants in the United States. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L. Shapiro
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Hsiang‐Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute China Medical University, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Pharmacy Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Alan H. Lau
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy Chicago Illinois USA
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Supapaan T, Low BY, Wongpoowarak P, Moolasarn S, Anderson C. A transition from the BPharm to the PharmD degree in five selected countries. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2019; 17:1611. [PMID: 31592299 PMCID: PMC6763299 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2019.3.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the studies and opinions around issues of transition from
the BPharm to the PharmD degree in the U.S., Japan, South Korea, Pakistan and
Thailand. The transition to the clinically orientated PharmD degree in many countries was
seen to be a means of developing the profession. However, some countries have
both clinically-oriented and pharmaceutical sciences-oriented PharmD programme
that are designed to meet the needs of their countries. Each country created a
different process to handle the transition to an all-PharmD programme, but
mostly had the process of school accreditation mandated by the regulatory
bodies. The main barrier to the transition in most of the countries was the
issue of educational quality. A set of indicators is needed to measure and
monitor the impact/outcome of the PharmD degree. Each country has different needs due to the different contexts of health care
systems and the scope of pharmacy practice. In order to increase their chances
of benefiting from the new programme, academic leaders should critically assess
their countries’ needs before deciding to adopt a PharmD programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeraporn Supapaan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University. Ubon Ratchathani (Thailand).
| | - Bee Y Low
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia. Selangor, (Malaysia).
| | - Payom Wongpoowarak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University. Songkhla (Thailand).
| | - Summana Moolasarn
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University. Ubon Ratchathani (Thailand).
| | - Claire Anderson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham. Nottingham (United Kingdom).
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Ploylearmsang C, Kanjanasilp J, Kessomboon N, Suttajit S, Suwannaprom P, Sripa S, Sittichotiwong R, Srimarueang T, Sonsri S, Kittiboonyakun P. Hospital Pharmacy Practice and the Way Forward for Pharmacy Education in Thailand. Can J Hosp Pharm 2019; 72:34-41. [PMID: 30828092 PMCID: PMC6391247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanuttha Ploylearmsang
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Juntip Kanjanasilp
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Nusaraporn Kessomboon
- , PhD, is an Associate Professor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siritree Suttajit
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Puckwipa Suwannaprom
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saksit Sripa
- , PhD, is an Instructor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubonratchatani University, Ubonratchatani, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Sittichotiwong
- , PhD, is a Hospital Pharmacist with the Pharmaceutical Care group, Surin General Hospital, Surin, Thailand
| | - Thitima Srimarueang
- , MSc(Clinical Pharmacy), is a Hospital Pharmacist with the Pharmaceutical Care group, Surin General Hospital, Surin, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Sonsri
- , MSc(Clinical Pharmacy), is a Hospital Pharmacist with the Pharmaceutical Care group, Surin General Hospital, Surin, Thailand
| | - Pattarin Kittiboonyakun
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
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