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Fröling E, Rajaeean N, Hinrichsmeyer KS, Domrös-Zoungrana D, Urban JN, Lenz C. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Affairs: A New Paradigm with Novel Opportunities. Pharmaceut Med 2024:10.1007/s40290-024-00536-9. [PMID: 39259426 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-024-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes the ways of working in many areas of business and life science. In Medical Affairs (MA) departments of the pharmaceutical industry AI holds great potential for positively influencing the medical mission of identifying and addressing unmet medical needs and care gaps, and fostering solutions that improve the egalitarian and unbiased access of patients to treatments worldwide. Given the essential position of MA in corporate interactions with various healthcare stakeholders, AI offers broad possibilities to support strategic decision-making and to pioneer novel approaches in medical stakeholder interactions. By analyzing data derived from the healthcare environment and by streamlining operations in medical content generation, AI advances data-based prioritization and strategy execution. In this review, we discuss promising AI-based solutions in MA that support the effective use of heterogenous information from observations of the healthcare environment, the enhancement of medical education, and the analysis of real-world data. For a successful implementation of such solutions, specific considerations partly unique to healthcare must be taken care of, for example, transparency, data privacy, healthcare regulations, and in predictive applications, explainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fröling
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstraße 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Neda Rajaeean
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstraße 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian Lenz
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstraße 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Reis F, Rajaeean N, Divarci RR, Sollacher V, Dworatzek E, Fliegner D, Krüger H, Lenz C, Craesmeyer C. Cultivating Excellence: Future-Proofing Medical Affairs with Tailored Talent Programs. Pharmaceut Med 2024:10.1007/s40290-024-00532-z. [PMID: 39090508 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-024-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In today's rapidly growing healthcare landscape, the role of Medical Affairs within pharmaceutical companies has transitioned from a traditional support function into a strategic one. Amidst acute challenges such as evolving globalization, digitization, and healthcare trends, effective talent development and professional standards in Medical Affairs emerge as a pivotal cornerstone to future-proof pharmaceutical companies. This article explores strategies, perspectives, and best practices for enhancing talent development with medical or natural sciences background in the field of Medical Affairs. From the historical development of Medical Affairs, we cover current challenges and provide a comprehensive approach to talent development strategies of next-generation talents in Medical Affairs. Drawing upon current literature and personal experiences, we discuss various aspects relevant for designing targeted training programs, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and enhancing both technical and soft skills essential for success in Medical Affairs roles. Furthermore, we highlight the significance of company-internal rotational programs in exposing talents to different facets of Medical Affairs. We advocate for a flexible and individualized approach to talent development, allowing next-generation talents to pursue personal interests and contribute to innovative projects. Overall, this article offers practical recommendations for pharmaceutical companies aiming to optimize their local talent development initiatives in Medical Affairs and align them with the evolving needs of the healthcare landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reis
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neda Rajaeean
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reyhan Rose Divarci
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veit Sollacher
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Fliegner
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Krüger
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Lenz
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Craesmeyer
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Friedrichstr. 110, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Setia S, Loo E, Shinde SP, Singh M, Wong CH, Thakkar K. Redefining the Role of Medical Affairs Professionals as Innovators and Leaders in Industry-Led Medical Education. Pharmaceut Med 2024; 38:167-177. [PMID: 38619789 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-024-00522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Medical affairs professionals are pivotal players at the intersection of medical innovation and practice in the pharmaceutical industry. They are uniquely positioned to translate complex medical knowledge into actionable insights for internal and external stakeholders. Industry-led continuing medical education (CME) programs, guided by these professionals, hold the potential to markedly improve clinicians' application of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in clinical settings, thereby elevating patient care outcomes. However, current CME techniques often overlook the integration of diverse disciplines such as educational theories, cognitive psychology, information mastery, and implementation science, which are important for effective real-time decision-making in patient care. This gap in integrating implementation science is vital, as it is key in ensuring that medical innovations are not just developed but also effectively implemented and efficiently utilized in clinical settings. In this opinion article, we aim to highlight the crucial yet often underrecognized role of medical affairs professionals in shaping robust and practical CME programs within the industry. We explore emerging trends and approaches in medical education and CME based on the principles of adult education. Additionally, we explore how medical affairs professionals can effectively drive the adoption of EBM in clinical practice. This exploration aims to provide insights into enhancing CME programs, with medical affairs professionals at the forefront of innovation and leadership in bridging gaps in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajita Setia
- Executive Office, Transform Medical Communications Limited, 184 Glasgow Street, Wanganui, 4500, New Zealand.
| | - Elliot Loo
- Executive Office, Transform Medical Communications Limited, 184 Glasgow Street, Wanganui, 4500, New Zealand
| | - Salil Prakash Shinde
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Limited, 21st Floor, Kerry Center, 683 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Limited, 21st Floor, Kerry Center, 683 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Chew Hooi Wong
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Private Limited, 80 Pasir Panjang Road, #16-81/82, Mapletree Business City, Singapore, 117372, Singapore
| | - Karan Thakkar
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Private Limited, 80 Pasir Panjang Road, #16-81/82, Mapletree Business City, Singapore, 117372, Singapore
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Jandhyala R. Development of a definition for real-world evidence using the Jandhyala method for observing consensus opinion among medical affairs pharmaceutical physicians. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:1551-1558. [PMID: 36710630 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2172261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low rates of inclusion of real-world evidence (RWE) during regulation may arise from lack of clarity and consensus on its definition. A conceptually mature definition of RWE may have pragmatic utility, increasing its inclusion during regulation. The aim was to develop a definition of RWE to promote inclusion in regulatory submissions and assess its conceptual maturity. METHODS Thirteen medical affairs pharmaceutical physicians completed two qualitative online surveys to generate items needed in a definition of RWE. Items that reached a consensus index of > 50% (CI > = 0.51) were retained in the final definition. The maturity of the definition was assessed using concept analysis. RESULTS After attrition, 11 participants completed the study and generated 18 items to be included in a definition of RWE. All items reached the consensus threshold and were included. The definition was conceptually mature on three of the four dimensions: the potential for a consensual definition across stakeholders, a description of its characteristics and clear preconditions and outcomes. Further research is needed to delineate the boundaries of RWE. CONCLUSIONS A definition of RWE was generated that may increase its inclusion during medicines regulation, especially with further refinement from regulators and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jandhyala
- Medialis Ltd, Wolverton Mill, Milton Keynes, England, UK
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, King's College University, London, UK
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Furtner D, Hutas G, Tan BJW, Meier R. Journey from an Enabler to a Strategic Leader: Integration of the Medical Affairs Function in ESG Initiatives and Values. Pharmaceut Med 2023; 37:405-416. [PMID: 37464231 PMCID: PMC10587287 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-023-00485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Like most private enterprises, the pharmaceutical industry has deeply rooted environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters that challenge its long-term sustainability. Overcoming these external challenges requires collaborative and proactive steps as well as procedures guiding the adoption of ESG principles by all internal stakeholders. Environmental challenges such as climate change, and in addition the changes in society, have resulted in the need for governance addressing and coordinating efforts. The core function of medical affairs (MA) is connecting with stakeholders within a company and also between the company and external stakeholders. In this article, we describe the involvement of MA in several aspects of ESG, as a contributor, partner, and implementer. MA has a significant opportunity to emerge as a leading function involved in ESG strategies and their tactical implementation. Although the involvement of MA in the environment pillar of ESG is less, the function can implement changes relating to the conduct of meetings, clinical studies, and the digitalization of medical education via virtual platforms. Due to its patient centricity, MA is tasked to address social determinants of health to improve patients' outcomes. As a linking function within a company and with its external stakeholders, MA can provide proactive input in policy generation and enable effective governance by adherence to standards of accountability, ethics, and compliance, as well as transparency. Championing ESG is a collective responsibility that transcends any single department. It mandates a company-wide commitment. MA represents an essential pivot point in catalyzing the integration of ESG principles within industry, contributing to a healthcare ecosystem that is not merely more sustainable and ethical but also more conducive to patient health and public well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabor Hutas
- Astellas Pharma Australia Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Amin D, Vandenbroucke P. Advancing patient-centricity in Medical Affairs: a survey of patients and patient organizations. Drug Discov Today 2023:103604. [PMID: 37142157 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current guidance on advancing patient-centricity in Medical Affairs is insufficient. A framework was previously proposed from a Medical Affairs perspective, without direct patient input, featuring five focus areas: medical strategy; medical communication; evidence generation; patient engagement; and patient care experience. We conducted a literature review to evaluate and provide background on those focus areas. Consequently, two new focus areas were identified: digital health and patient medical education. Because the patient perspective provides an important value-add, we consulted on the seven priority areas identified with patient and patient organizations through questionnaires. The gathered responses implied that they were accurately prioritized to increase patient-centricity. However, this must be tested on a larger sample size to validate its feasibility. Teaser: This article proposes an updated and actionable framework for Medical Affairs to advance patient-centricity efforts and is informed by the published literature and surveys of patients and patient organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Amin
- King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Malve H, Bhalerao P. Past, Present, and Likely Future of Nutraceuticals in India: Evolving Role of Pharmaceutical Physicians. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:68-74. [PMID: 37469644 PMCID: PMC10353663 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_96_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to the current pandemic situation and increasing focus on overall health. Nutraceuticals include products, which help in maintaining immunity and prevent diseases. It also includes products that support the optimal functioning of the human body. Poor nutrition plays an important role in lifestyle-related disorders as well. Various nutraceuticals have exhibited therapeutic potential, hence gaining popularity. Nutraceuticals are mainly categorized into dietary supplements and functional foods. With multiple factors contributing to the growth of nutraceutical industry in India, we are marching toward global leadership in nutraceuticals. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is solely responsible for regulating the approvals, promotions, and labeling standards for health supplements and nutraceuticals. As the understanding of these nutraceuticals is improving, the regulations are becoming stricter and there is a pressing need to monitor the usage of such products regularly and stringently. Nutrivigilance and phytovigilance are relatively new concepts in our country; however, regulatory authorities need to proactively observe the adverse effects and issues related to substandard and counterfeit nutraceutical products. Healthcare professionals including pharmaceutical physicians can play an important role in safeguarding the population by advocating the rational use of nutraceuticals, food supplements, and consumer health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Malve
- Freelance Medical Affairs and Clinical Research Consultant, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramod Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Jandhyala R. Professional qualifications of medical affairs pharmaceutical physicians and other internal stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry. F1000Res 2022; 11:813. [PMID: 36415210 PMCID: PMC9647148 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123182.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medical affairs pharmaceutical physicians (MAPPs) have unique value to pharmaceutical companies due to their accountability for activities that benefit regulators, payors, prescribers and patients. This study assessed whether MAPPs' specialist training and education in pharmaceutical medicine could account for this level of value by determining whether there was significant variation in education and training between MAPPs and other internal stakeholders of pharmaceutical companies. Methods: A systematic search of LinkedIn profiles from the 10 pharmaceutical companies by revenue was conducted between June and October 2021. Job title and type and year of undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications were extracted. A one-sided Mann-Whitney test assessed for differences in the total number of qualifications between MAPPs and other internal stakeholders involved in medical affairs using MAPPs as the reference group. Other internal stakeholders included medical affairs pharmacists (MAPharm), other medical affairs professionals (MAOth), and market access (MAcc), commercial (COmm) and sales professionals. Sub-group analysis determined differences in undergraduate and postgraduate education. Results: In total, 524 profiles were included. Compared to all other internal stakeholders, MAPPs had a significantly higher number of undergraduate (p < 0.001) and postgraduate (MAPharm, p = 0.003; MAOth, p = 0.004; MAcc, COmm and Sales, p < 0.001) qualifications. Additionally, MAPPs had a significantly longer time to industry than other internal stakeholders apart from MAPharm. Of those with clinical qualifications, MAPPs were almost twice as likely to have business qualifications. Conclusions: Of all internal stakeholders, MAPPs had the highest number of qualifications and the best match between expertise and the contextual demands of decision-makers in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical companies in the UK can use these findings to clarify role boundaries and decision-making power based on the nature and level of expertise of each internal stakeholder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jandhyala
- Medialis Ltd, London, SE1 9NH, UK,Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, King's College University, London, UK,
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Sawad AB, Andrews K. Marketing training strategies that pharmaceutical sales managers use to reduce unethical behavior. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:202. [PMID: 36003235 PMCID: PMC9393950 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1081_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some pharmaceutical company sales representatives are using bribes to encourage increasing medication prescriptions. In 2012, GlaxoSmithKline paid $3 billion on a felony charge related to bribing doctors to prescribe the company's medications. Using Hunt and Vitell's general theory of marketing ethics, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies some sales managers in the pharmaceutical industry used to improve marketing training to reduce unethical sales representative behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from company reports and documents provided by sales managers and semistructured interviews with five sales managers of different pharmaceutical companies in the northeast region of the United States. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and Yin's 5-step process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding thematic data analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged from data analysis: developing ethical standards, developing organizational policy, and implementing training and development programs. A key recommendation is that pharmaceutical sales managers identify ethical standards to inculcate in their business practices to achieve ethical marketing training that can result in sales representatives' ethical behavior. The implications for positive social change include the potential for sales managers to develop strategies to reduce unethical behavior in the pharmaceutical industry. CONCLUSION Reducing unethical behavior may lead to more trust between patients and physicians, improving patient satisfaction and promoting prosperity for the community through enhancing the quality of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Bin Sawad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kate Andrews
- DBA Programs, College of Management and Technology, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Jandhyala R. Development of a Definition for Medical Affairs Using the Jandhyala Method for Observing Consensus Opinion Among Medical Affairs Pharmaceutical Physicians. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842431. [PMID: 35273511 PMCID: PMC8902678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is currently no standard definition of medical affairs, despite its increasing importance to the pharmaceutical industry. The evolution of medical affairs necessitated the development of a standardised definition to guide policy and practice to ensure that patients' interests remain central amid shifts that have, in the past, created fertile ground for ethical violations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to use an empirical method to observe a consensus of expert opinion on the definition of medical affairs to guide policy and practice within this function. Methods: In total, 11 medical affairs pharmaceutical physicians (MAPPs) completed a qualitative online survey to identify a list of key items to define medical affairs using the Jandhyala method for generating a consensus of expert opinion. Responses were coded and scored, and aggregated responses were presented to participants in a consensus round. Participants rated their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Indicators that reached a consensus index of >50% (CI > = 0.51) were retained. Items were categorised per previously defined medical affairs functions to determine the scope of the definition. A comparative content analysis using a previous definition identified in the literature was conducted to determine the utility of the definition generated here. Results: In total, 11 MAPPs generated 15 unique items to define medical affairs. Item awareness indices ranged from 0.24 ('communication/education') to 1.00 ('design/strategy'). All items had a CI of more than 0.5 and were included in the final definition. All items could be categorised per previously defined medical affairs functions. Comparative content analysis showed that our definition varied in four ways: the designation of medical affairs as a medical specialty (and its primary aim, therefore, is to protect patients), the leadership of medical affairs in medicine adoption, the generation of real-world evidence and the specification of distinct stakeholders who benefit from medical affairs. Conclusion: A standard definition of medical affairs that incorporates the key principles of medical affairs as a medical specialty that leads medicine adoption and generates real-world evidence for specific stakeholders may protect and further the interests of patients by governing practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jandhyala
- Medialis Ltd., Banbury, United Kingdom.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, King's College University, London, United Kingdom
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Fulford-Smith A, Leah E, Azroyan A, De Abadal M, Loew D, Hildemann S. Medical Affairs Transformation in Specialty Pharma: Next-Level Collaboration at the Core. Pharmaceut Med 2022; 36:63-69. [PMID: 35249212 PMCID: PMC8898556 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-022-00419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies with a medical mindset and an empowered Medical Affairs function are well equipped to meet the needs and expectations of patients and society. Yet, as capacity to understand and serve those needs accelerates, so too do expectations. Evidence-based practice, without delay, is expected throughout the development and delivery of medicine, healthcare, and information, and potential sources of evidence are legion. To keep pace and go beyond, to innovate, requires efficiencies. Not the disguised cutbacks of political language, but the collaborative constructive efficiencies of shared learning, forming new evidence bases for further progress. Here, we describe the first year of a medical transformation process at a global mid-sized pharmaceutical company. Beginning with a broad review designed to leverage collective intelligence and focus on meaningful outcomes for patients, this process examined and reshaped the structure, culture, and tools of the medical organization and its interactions within and outside the company. We report the findings of the diagnostic phase, outline the solutions implemented to date, and anticipate the next steps in this dynamic evolving journey.
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Furtner D, Shinde SP, Singh M, Wong CH, Setia S. Digital Transformation in Medical Affairs Sparked by the Pandemic: Insights and Learnings from COVID-19 Era and Beyond. Pharmaceut Med 2022; 36:1-10. [PMID: 34970723 PMCID: PMC8718376 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-021-00412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of developments, including increasing regulatory and compliance scrutiny, increased transparency expectations, an increasingly vocal patient, patient centricity and greater requirements for real-world evidence, have driven the growth and importance of medical affairs as a trusted, science-driven partner over the past decade. The healthcare environment is shifting towards a digital, data-driven and payor-focused model. Likewise, medical affairs as a function within the pharmaceutical industry has become more "patient-centric" with strategic engagements embracing payers and patients apart from clinicians. The pandemic has impacted the healthcare industry as well as the function of medical affairs in numerous ways and has brought new challenges and demands to tackle. There is indeed a silver lining due to intense digital transformation within this crisis. The emerging digital innovation and new technologies in healthcare, medical education and virtual communications are likely to stay and advance further. In this review, we discuss how the digital transformation sparked by the pandemic has impacted the medical affairs function in pharmaceuticals and provide further insights and learnings from the COVID-19 era and beyond. Based on the learning and insights, digital innovation in three key strategic imperatives of medical affairs-HCP engagement, external partnerships and data generation will enable medical affairs to become future-fit as a strategic leadership function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Furtner
- Executive Office, Transform Medical Communications Limited, 184 Glasgow Street, Wanganui, 4500, New Zealand.
| | - Salil Prakash Shinde
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Limited, 21st Floor, Kerry Center, 683 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Limited, 21st Floor, Kerry Center, 683 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Chew Hooi Wong
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Private Limited, 80 Pasir Panjang Road, #16-81/82, Mapletree Business City, Singapore, 117372, Singapore
| | - Sajita Setia
- Executive Office, Transform Medical Communications Limited, 184 Glasgow Street, Wanganui, 4500, New Zealand
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Jandhyala R. Development and Validation of the Medical Affairs Pharmaceutical Physician Value (MAPPval) Instrument. Pharmaceut Med 2022; 36:47-57. [PMID: 34994965 PMCID: PMC8818008 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-021-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pilot study conducted in 2020 suggested that Medical Affairs Pharmaceutical Physicians (MAPPs) may be inherently undervalued within the pharmaceutical industry and vulnerable to replacement by less qualified roles. There are currently no standardized metrics to measure MAPP performance, thus it is necessary to measure the value of MAPPs to employers and clarify the need for their specific skills. OBJECTIVES The first aim of this study was to identify a list of indicators to produce an MAPP value measurement tool, and the second aim was to determine its discriminant validity by showing that the 'MAPPval instrument' differentiated the MAPP role from other internal stakeholders (regulatory affairs, market access, commercial, and patient advocacy) in terms of accountability for pharmaceutical company activities and level of engagement with external stakeholders. METHODS MAPPs were recruited using convenience sampling via professional networks and completed a qualitative online survey to identify a list of key role indicators using a consensus method known as the Jandhyala method. Responses were coded and scored, and aggregated responses were presented to participants in a Consensus Round. Participants rated their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert scale, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Indicators that reached a consensus index of > 50% (CI ≥ 0.51) were retained in the final MAPP performance instrument. Participants' retrospectively self-reported professional activities over a period of 12 months were used to validate the measure. A two-proportion z-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine discriminant validity by showing whether the value of the MAPP role as defined by the instrument was significantly different from that of other internal stakeholders in terms of their accountability for and external stakeholder benefit from each MAPP activity. RESULTS In total, 11 MAPPs participated in the Jandhyala method, which generated 22 unique MAPP value indicators. Payor-targeted activities and journal publications had the two highest awareness indexes (1.00 and 0.98, respectively). The retrospective study confirmed the MAPPval instrument's validity. MAPPs were the only internal stakeholder classified as accountable for at least one activity that benefited all four stakeholders. They were classified as accountable for activities that influenced significantly more external stakeholders than other internal stakeholders, even when activities influenced fewer than four external stakeholders. MAPPs were also accountable for significantly more activities recorded over the 12-month period than regulatory affairs, market access, commercial, and patient advocacy. CONCLUSIONS This study generated and validated the first measure of MAPP value to pharmaceutical companies. MAPPs have unique value to pharmaceutical companies compared with other roles in terms of their accountability for activities that influence regulators, payors, prescribers, and patients. Through their accountability for pharmaceutical company activities and influence of external stakeholders, MAPPs play a key role in medicine adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jandhyala
- Medialis Ltd, 13 Horse Fair, Banbury, Oxford, OX16 0AH, UK. .,Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College University, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Singh M, Jain A, Fang W, Ong P, Uehara R, Zhong J. Educational needs, perception, and perspectives of oncologists regarding compassionate use programs in Asia. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1609-1615. [PMID: 34154476 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1941827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to capture the educational needs, perceptions, and perspectives of oncologists towards Compassionate Use Programs (CUPs) in Asia, with the aim of gathering insights related to unmet needs for physician and patient assistance. METHODS The participants responded to a voluntary, self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire through an online platform between 29 April 2020 and 17 June 2020. RESULTS A total of 111 oncologists provided informed consent to participate in the study. Of these, 102 respondents fully completed the questionnaire and were included in the analyses. Maximum respondents (35.3%) had 10-20 years of experience after specialization with 19.6, 23.5, and 21.6% respondents having <5, 5-10, and ≥20 years of experience, respectively. Practice type plays a statistically significant role in the awareness of the existing compassionate program (p = .0066). While many respondents seem clear on the application process for CUP set in place by pharmaceutical companies, a higher number of respondents are unclear about the country regulations and processes for applying to CUPs set in place by regulatory authorities. Most respondents (75.5%) reported that there are no resources or training provided to them regarding CUPs. There was a significant association between the clarity of the application process for CUP set in place by the sponsors and the number of applications submitted (p = .0321). CONCLUSIONS Our study brings light on various issues faced by physicians in accessing CUPs especially related to the lack of education and training on utilizing CUPs. There are significant unmet needs related to improving the clarity for the application process, providing resources and related training, particularly for oncologists who do not have previous experience with CUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- Oncology, Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ankita Jain
- Oncology, Medical Affairs, Pfizer India, Mumbai, India
| | - Wade Fang
- Oncology, Medical Affairs, Pfizer Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Ong
- Oncology, Medical Affairs, Pfizer Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roberto Uehara
- Oncology, Medical Affairs, Pfizer Emerging Markets, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingming Zhong
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Promoting Best Practices for Medical Science Liaisons Position Statement from the APPA, IFAPP, MAPS and MSLS. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2021; 55:1139-1144. [PMID: 34236693 PMCID: PMC8492581 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-021-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This position paper is intended to provide recommendations that will help lay the foundation for best practices for medical science liaisons (MSLs) and their activities. Its objective is to outline the roles and responsibilities expected of an MSL and provide clarity on the juxtaposition of MSLs and Sales representatives (SRs) when it comes to scientific exchange versus promotional messaging. It is of utmost importance that industry integrity and ethical standards are assured during external stakeholder engagement as well as medical and scientific communications. This guidance, delivered through the lens of APPA, IFAPP, MAPS and the MSLS executive committees, has been prepared primarily as a supportive resource to assist the Medical Affairs teams in the industry to develop their own set of standard operating procedures (SOPs), codes of conduct and policies within the framework of relevant industry regulations. We acknowledge that whilst there are guidelines already available that provide excellent directive to the MSL function, this paper is a review and distillation of these existing recommendations combined with the perspectives of four peak professional bodies to offer a practically focused resource to help MSLs interact, collaborate and exchange scientific information appropriately with external experts when out in the field.
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Ganju A, Goulart AC, Ray A, Majumdar A, Jeffers BW, Llamosa G, Cañizares H, Ramos-Cañizares IJ, Fadhil I, Subramaniam K, Lim LL, El Bizri L, Ramesh M, Guilford M, Ali R, Devi RD, Malik RA, Potkar S, Wang YP. Systemic Solutions for Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:693-707. [PMID: 32801732 PMCID: PMC7394587 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s252300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been on the rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the last few decades and represent a significant healthcare concern. Over 85% of "premature" deaths worldwide due to NCDs occur in the LMICs. NCDs are an economic burden on these countries, increasing their healthcare expenditure. However, targeting NCDs in LMICs is challenging due to evolving health systems and an emphasis on acute illness. The major issues include limitations with universal health coverage, regulations, funding, distribution and availability of the healthcare workforce, and availability of health data. Experts from across the health sector in LMICs formed a Think Tank to understand and examine the issues, and to offer potential opportunities that may address the rising burden of NCDs in these countries. This review presents the evidence and posits pragmatic solutions to combat NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amrit Ray
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anurita Majumdar
- Research, Development and Medical, Emerging Markets, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, Singapore
| | - Barrett W Jeffers
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria Llamosa
- Mexican Neurology and Psychiatry Society, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Henry Cañizares
- Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Kannan Subramaniam
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luna El Bizri
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - M Ramesh
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ratna Duddi Devi
- Executive Office, DakshamA Health and Education, Gurgaon, India.,Board of Directors, International Alliance of Patient Organizations, London, England
| | | | - Shekhar Potkar
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (LIM-23), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jandhyala R. Influence of Pharmaceutical Company Engagement Activities on the Decision to Prescribe: A Pilot Survey of UK Rare Disease Medicine Prescribers. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 34:127-134. [PMID: 32048216 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditionally, the pharmaceutical industry has used 'promotional personal engagement' activities, which involve interactions between sales forces and prescribers, in order to generate 'sales'-or prescriptions-of their new medicinal product(s). There appears to be now a favouring of 'non-personal engagement' (external information sources or activities existing outside the direct control of the company) and 'non-promotional personal engagement' activities (focused around creating peer-to-peer relationships between prescribers and pharmaceutical physicians). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of non-personal engagement and non-promotional personal engagement activities on the prescribing habits of British healthcare professionals, using the traditional promotional personal engagement activities as a comparator. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to 122 prescribers (physicians, nurses and pharmacists) working with two selected products for pulmonary arterial hypertension. The participants were asked to rate the influence that the listed activities had on their decision to prescribe each of the two products using a scale of 0-10, where 0 = 'no influence' and 10 = 'most important influence'. RESULTS Of the 122 targeted healthcare professionals who received the questionnaire, 34 (27.9%) responded within the 2-week time limit (24 physicians, 5 nurse prescribers and 5 pharmacists). The findings of the survey had a confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 12%, given that 34 of 122 people responded. All proposed activities were scored by the respondents as having some influence on their prescribing. Personal engagement activities are effective for influencing prescribing, but non-promotional personal engagement activities may be more influential than promotional personal engagement activities. Furthermore, non-personal engagement activities may be more effective in influencing prescriptions of a product than either non-promotional or promotional personal engagement activities. CONCLUSIONS All personal engagement activities affect HCP prescribing behaviours; however, they appear to be more influential when performed on a non-promotional basis by representatives of the company's medical department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jandhyala
- University of Leicester Business School, Leicester, UK.
- Medialis Limited, 13 Horse Fair, Banbury, Oxfordshire, OX16 0AH, UK.
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Sweiti H, Wiegand F, Bug C, Vogel M, Lavie F, Winiger-Candolfi I, Schuier M. Physicians in the pharmaceutical industry: their roles, motivations, and perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1865-1870. [PMID: 31158509 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although physicians occupy a significant number of key positions in the pharmaceutical industry, practicing clinicians are often unaware of the variety of career paths within this industry, or of the structure of a pharmaceutical company. Here, we address questions that practicing clinicians frequently ask their colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to providing an overview of the common roles occupied by physicians in pharma, we also describe the various motivations for transitioning into the industry and discuss different scenarios regarding the timing of the career change. Furthermore, we outline the characteristics and skills that enable physicians to have a successful career in pharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sweiti
- Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Johnson & Johnson Platz 1, 41470 Neuss, Germany.
| | - Frank Wiegand
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, 700 Route 202 South Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
| | - Christoph Bug
- Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Johnson & Johnson Platz 1, 41470 Neuss, Germany
| | - Martin Vogel
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, 700 Route 202 South Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
| | - Frederic Lavie
- Janssen France, 1, rue Camille Desmoulins, TSA 91003, 92787 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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Setia S, Tay JC, Chia YC, Subramaniam K. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) for continuing medical education - why and how? ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:805-812. [PMID: 31572042 PMCID: PMC6749982 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s219104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuing medical education (CME) is meant to not only improve clinicians' knowledge and skills but also lead to better patient care processes and outcomes. The delivery of CME should be able to encourage the health providers to accept new evidence-based practices, and discard or discontinue less effective care. However, continuing use of expensive yet least effective and inappropriate tools and techniques predominates for CME delivery. Hence, the evidence shows a disconnect between evidence-based recommendations and real-world practice - borne out by less than optimal patient outcomes or treatment targets not being met especially in low- to middle-income countries. There is an ethical and professional obligation on CME-providers and decision-makers to safeguard that CME interventions are appraised not only for their quality and effectiveness but also for cost-effectiveness. The process of learning needs to be engaging, convenient, user-friendly and of minimal cost, especially where it is most needed. Today's technology permits these characteristics to be integrated, along with further enhancement of the engagement process. We review the literature on the mechanics of CME learning that utilizes today's technology tools and propose a framework for more engaging, efficient and cost-effective approach that implements massive open online courses for CME, adapted for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajita Setia
- Transform Medical Communications, Wanganui, New Zealand
- Correspondence: Sajita Setia Transform Medical Communications, 172A Great North Road, Wanganui, 4500, New ZealandTel +64 27 617 5433Email
| | - Jam Chin Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan Subramaniam
- Research, Development and Medical, Emerging Markets, Upjohn – a Pfizer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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