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Aljawhar AM, Ibrahim N, Abdul Aziz A, Ahmed HMA, Azami NH. Characterization of the root and canal anatomy of maxillary premolar teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation: a cone beam computed tomography study. Odontology 2024; 112:570-587. [PMID: 37957521 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the number of roots and root canal morphology types of maxillary premolars in relation to a patient's gender and age in an Iraqi population using two classification systems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 1116 maxillary premolars from 385 patients were evaluated for the number of roots and root canal morphology types according to Vertucci's classification and Ahmed et al. classification systems. Differences in the number of roots and root canal morphology types with regard to tooth type, patients' gender and age groups were evaluated and the degree of bilateral symmetry was determined. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. About 51.1% of the 1st premolars were double rooted. The majority (87.9%) of the 2nd premolars were single rooted. The three-rooted form presented in only 1.2% and 0.7% of the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Vertucci Type IV (Ahmed et al. code 2MaxP B1P1) and Vertucci Type I (Ahmed et al. code 1MaxP1) were the most common canal morphology types in the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Females showed a lower number of roots and a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Younger age groups showed a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Bilateral symmetry was seen in more than half of the maxillary premolars. There is a considerable variation in the number of roots and root canal configurations of maxillary premolars in the studied Iraqi population, with a significant difference by gender and age groups. Ahmed et al. classification provided more accurate presentation of the root and canal anatomy in maxillary premolars compared to Vertucci's classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Aljawhar
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azwatee Abdul Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayati Azami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Allawi S, Ayoubi H, Al‐Tayyan M, Toutangy E, Tolibah YA. Evaluation of roots, root canal morphology, and bilateral symmetry of maxillary first molars in a Syrian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:1149-1155. [PMID: 37694669 PMCID: PMC10728511 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successful endodontic treatments require a comprehensive knowledge of the root canal anatomy, so this study aimed to investigate the number of roots, configurations of root canals, and their bilateral symmetry of maxillary first molars in the Syrian subpopulation, and also the effect of gender on this symmetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 250 cone beam computed tomography images (140 for females; and 110 for males), including 500 maxillary first molars. Images were investigated by two endodontists. Root number and canal configuration in each root were recorded, according to Vertucci classification, by studying the image at all levels (axial, coronal, sagittal, oplique, and three-dimensional) to assess the bilateral symmetry and its relation to gender. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS and the χ2 test was used to compare the bilateral symmetry in males and females. RESULT The most common shape of the maxillary first molars was three roots (97.6%). All the roots are symmetrical by 100% in both genders. The root canal configuration was mainly Vertucci type I classification in the distobuccally (73.6%), and palatal root (98%). While the most common types in mesial root were type II (33.3%), this root showed all different types of Vertucci classifications except type VIII, and the proportion of symmetry was (37.2%) without significant difference between the gender (p = .441). CONCLUSION Most maxillary first molars in a Syrian population were three-rooted with four root canals (type II), the numbers of roots achieved perfect symmetry 100%, and higher than symmetry ratios in the number of canals and canals configurations (37.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Allawi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryDamascus UniversityDamascusSyria
| | - Helen Ayoubi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryDamascus UniversityDamascusSyria
| | - Mouhammad Al‐Tayyan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryDamascus UniversityDamascusSyria
| | - Eyad Toutangy
- Department of OrthodonticsSyrian Private UniversityDamascusSyria
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Hassan NA, Al-Jaboori ASK, Al-Radha ASD, Ali MQ, Albayati RM. CBCT Analysis of Edentulous Mandibular Symphysis in Iraqi Patients for Treatment with Implant-Supported Overdentures. Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2023; 15:79-87. [PMID: 37162817 PMCID: PMC10164380 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overdentures supported by dental implants are a useful treatment strategy for patients with edentulous mandibles. The aim of this study was to evaluate certain characteristics of the mandibular symphyseal edentulous cases for dental implant treatment using CBCT; and if it is associated with gender differences. Methods Ninety patients (45 females and 45 males) were included in this investigation. A section along the midline of each CBCT image was chosen for the edentulous symphyseal area. Symphysis height, width, and cortical thickness was measured for each patient. Bone density were calculated at four points A two-sample Student's t-test and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results Males had a considerably greater symphysis height (26.66±6.21 mm) than females (24.07±5.00 mm) (p = 0.02). Similar results were found for bone width; males had greater means than females. In case of cortical bone thickness; males had thicker bone cortex in the buccal region than females (p = 0.01). While the difference in bone density between genders was small. However, a positive relationship was recorded between symphysis height and width. Conclusion Height and width of the mandibular symphysis were influenced by gender in edentulous patients, with men showing higher measurements. The reduction of symphyseal height decreased concurrently with the width after teeth were lost, while bone density was maintained in both genders with no difference between them. The lingual cortical bone is significantly thicker than the buccal cortex at the lower part of the symphysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhad A Hassan
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Afya Sahib Diab Al-Radha
- Oral Surgery and Periodontology Department, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Correspondence: Afya Sahib Diab Al-Radha, Oral Surgery and Periodontology Department; College of Dentistry, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Central Baghdad Post Office, Post Box (P.o.) 55418, Baghdad, Iraq, Tel +964(0)7816883387, Fax +964(0)0115372237, Email ;
| | - Maisaa Q Ali
- Department of Dental Radiology, Al-Falah Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raya M Albayati
- Department of Dental Radiology, Al-Falah Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
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Barbhai S, Shetty R, Joshi P, Mehta V, Mathur A, Sharma T, Chakraborty D, Porwal P, Meto A, Wahjuningrum DA, Luke AM, Pawar AM. Evaluation of Root Anatomy and Canal Configuration of Human Permanent Maxillary First Molar Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10160. [PMID: 36011794 PMCID: PMC9408299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the literature on root canal configuration (RCC) and the frequency of occurrence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB) in human permanent maxillary first molars where cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used. Online electronic databases such as PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available date until 12th June 2022, without restriction on language. In the mesiobuccal root, type I was the most frequent (33.29%), followed by types II and IV (27.18% and 26.36%, respectively). Moreover, 68.2% of maxillary first molars had a second MB canal. For both the distobuccal and palatal roots, type I was the most prevalent, with 99.08% and 97.83% occurrence, respectively. All other types were infrequent. Type I RCC is most frequent in all the roots of the maxillary first molars. Hence, care must be taken during biomechanical preparation of the MB roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Barbhai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vini Mehta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Mathur
- STAT SENSE, Srushti 10, Sector 1 D, Amba Township Pvt. Ltd., Trimandir, Adalaj 382421, Gujarat, India
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- STAT SENSE, Srushti 10, Sector 1 D, Amba Township Pvt. Ltd., Trimandir, Adalaj 382421, Gujarat, India
| | - Damini Chakraborty
- Bhowal’s Dental and Implant Clinic, Bengal GreenField Heights, Galaxy-6FS, beside Apollo Pharmacy, DJ Block (Newtown), Newtown, Kolkata 700136, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Porwal
- STAT SENSE, Srushti 10, Sector 1 D, Amba Township Pvt. Ltd., Trimandir, Adalaj 382421, Gujarat, India
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, 1007 Tirana, Albania
| | - Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ajinkya M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400008, Maharashtra, India
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Khadilkar I, Nangia D, Chawla A, Sharma S, Kumar V, Gupta S, Logani A. 3D
geometric analysis of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary first molar tooth. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:140-148. [PMID: 35661482 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography scans exhibiting a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal were examined. The vertical distance of the MB2 orifice from the pulp floor (depth), inter-orifice distance (IOD) of MB2 from mesiobuccal (MB) and palatal (P) orifices, the horizontal distance of the MB2 orifice from the line joining MB-P orifices [mesial deviation (MD)] and root canal configuration (RCC) were evaluated on 330 scans. The Student's t-test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and linear regression analysis were applied. The MB2 depth was 1.69 ± 0.86 mm. IOD (MB-MB2, MB2-P) was 2.18 ± 0.58 mm and 4.63 ± 1.06 mm, respectively. MD was 1.02 ± 0.37 mm. The predominant RCC was Vertucci's type II (75.5%). No correlation of depth with IOD of MB-MB2 (rho = 0.0367, p = 0.506) was observed. Significant correlation of depth with IOD of MB2-P (rho = 0.696, p < 0.001) and MD (rho = 0.174, p = 0.001) was established. No association of depth with age and IOD (MB-MB2) was observed on linear regression analysis. However, a significant positive association was established with IOD (MB2-P) (p < 0.001) and MD (p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Nangia
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amrita Chawla
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sidhartha Sharma
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ajay Logani
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
- Division of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and ResearchAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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Al-Habib M, Howait M. Assessment of Mesiobuccal Canal Configuration, Prevalence and Inter-Orifice Distance at Different Root Thirds of Maxillary First Molars: A CBCT Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:105-111. [PMID: 33790655 PMCID: PMC8005364 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence and configuration of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in the mesiobuccal MB root of permanent maxillary first molars at different root levels in a Saudi sub-population using cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to measure the inter-orifice distance between MB & MB2 at the pulpal floor level. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was carried out on CBCT images of Saudi patients seen at King Abdul Aziz University. A total of 106 maxillary first molars were evaluated using a specialized software program (iCAT CBCT software). The prevalence of MB2, canal configuration and location of joining (apical-middle-coronal), if present was calculated. Also, the inter-orifice distance between both canals was measured at the level of the pulpal floor. Chi‑square and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Results The MB2 canal was found in 92 (86.8%) maxillary first molar teeth. The MB and MB2 canals were joined in 61 (58%) cases, where the location of joining was 14 (23%), 17 (27%), and 31 (50%) in the coronal, middle, and apical third, respectively. The mean inter-orifice distance between both canals at the level of the pulpal floor was 2.52±0.76 mm. Conclusion The prevalence of MB2 canal in this Saudi sub-population was high. The prevalence decreased as the root canal approached the apical third. There was no correlation between the average distance and occurrence of canal joining. CBCT is useful in detecting and mapping the mesiobuccal root canal system, with a likelihood of enhancing the quality of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Howait
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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