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Castellanos FX, Moreno-Santillán D, Hughes GM, Paulat NS, Sipperly N, Brown AM, Martin KR, Poterewicz GM, Lim MCW, Russell AL, Moore MS, Johnson MG, Corthals AP, Ray DA, Dávalos LM. The evolution of antimicrobial peptides in Chiroptera. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250229. [PMID: 37822944 PMCID: PMC10562630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High viral tolerance coupled with an extraordinary regulation of the immune response makes bats a great model to study host-pathogen evolution. Although many immune-related gene gains and losses have been previously reported in bats, important gene families such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remain understudied. We built an exhaustive bioinformatic pipeline targeting the major gene families of defensins and cathelicidins to explore AMP diversity and analyze their evolution and distribution across six bat families. A combination of manual and automated procedures identified 29 AMP families across queried species, with α-, β-defensins, and cathelicidins representing around 10% of AMP diversity. Gene duplications were inferred in both α-defensins, which were absent in five species, and three β-defensin gene subfamilies, but cathelicidins did not show significant shifts in gene family size and were absent in Anoura caudifer and the pteropodids. Based on lineage-specific gains and losses, we propose diet and diet-related microbiome evolution may determine the evolution of α- and β-defensins gene families and subfamilies. These results highlight the importance of building species-specific libraries for genome annotation in non-model organisms and shed light on possible drivers responsible for the rapid evolution of AMPs. By focusing on these understudied defenses, we provide a robust framework for explaining bat responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Moreno-Santillán
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Graham M. Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole S. Paulat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nicolette Sipperly
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Alexis M. Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Katherine R. Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Gregory M. Poterewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Marisa C. W. Lim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Amy L. Russell
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Marianne S. Moore
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI, United States
| | - Matthew G. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Angelique P. Corthals
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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2
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Anticancer activity of chicken cathelicidin peptides against different types of cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4321-4339. [PMID: 35449320 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study served as the pioneer in studying the anti-cancer role of chicken cathelicidin peptides. METHODS AND RESULTS Chicken cathelicidins were used as anticancer agent against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human colon cancer cell line (HCT116). In addition, the mechanism of action of the interaction of cationic peptides with breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was also investigated. An in vivo investigation was also achieved to evaluate the role of chicken cathelicidin in Ehrlich ascites cell (EAC) suppression as a tumor model after subcutaneous implantation in mice. It was found during the study that exposure of cell lines to 40 µg/ml of chicken cathelicidin for 72 h reduced cell lines growth rate by 90-95%. These peptides demonstrated down-regulation of (cyclin A1 and cyclin D genes) of MCF-7 cells. The study showed that two- and three-fold expression of both of caspase-3 and - 7 genes in untreated MCF-7 cells compared to treated MCF-7 cells with chicken cathelicidin peptides. Our data showed that chicken (CATH-1) enhance releasing of TNFα, INF-γ and upregulation of granzyme K in treated mice groups, in parallel, the tumor size and volume was reduced in the treated EAC-bearing groups. Tumor of mice groups treated with chicken cathelicidin displayed high area of necrosis compared to untreated EAC-bearing mice. Based on histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor section in Ehrlich solid tumor exhibited a strong Bcl2 expression in untreated control compared to mice treated with 10 & 20 µg of cathelicidin. Interestingly, low expression of Bcl2 were observed in mice taken 40 µg/mL of CATH-1. CONCLUSIONS This study drive intention in treatment of cancer through the efficacy of anticancer efficacy of chicken cathelicidin peptides.
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4
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Hasbullah HH, Musa M. Gene Therapy Targeting p53 and KRAS for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Myth or the Way Forward? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11941. [PMID: 34769370 PMCID: PMC8584926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and is responsible as one of the main causes of mortality in both men and women. Despite massive efforts to raise public awareness on early screening and significant advancements in the treatment for CRC, the majority of cases are still being diagnosed at the advanced stage. This contributes to low survivability due to this cancer. CRC patients present various genetic changes and epigenetic modifications. The most common genetic alterations associated with CRC are p53 and KRAS mutations. Gene therapy targeting defect genes such as TP53 (tumor suppressor gene encodes for p53) and KRAS (oncogene) in CRC potentially serves as an alternative treatment avenue for the disease in addition to the standard therapy. For the last decade, significant developments have been seen in gene therapy for translational purposes in treating various cancers. This includes the development of vectors as delivery vehicles. Despite the optimism revolving around targeted gene therapy for cancer treatment, it also has various limitations, such as a lack of availability of related technology, high cost of the involved procedures, and ethical issues. This article will provide a review on the potentials and challenges of gene therapy targeting p53 and KRAS for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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5
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Porter RJ, Murray GI, Alnabulsi A, Humphries MP, James JA, Salto‐Tellez M, Craig SG, Wang JM, Yoshimura T, McLean MH. Colonic epithelial cathelicidin (LL-37) expression intensity is associated with progression of colorectal cancer and presence of CD8 + T cell infiltrate. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:495-506. [PMID: 33988317 PMCID: PMC8363930 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality. Here, we define the colonic epithelial expression of cathelicidin (LL-37) in CRC. Cathelicidin exerts pleotropic effects including anti-microbial and immunoregulatory functions. Genetic knockout of cathelicidin led to increased size and number of colorectal tumours in the azoxymethane-induced murine model of CRC. We aimed to translate this to human disease. The expression of LL-37 in a large (n = 650) fully characterised cohort of treatment-naïve primary human colorectal tumours and 50 matched normal mucosa samples with associated clinical and pathological data (patient age, gender, tumour site, tumour stage [UICC], presence or absence of extra-mural vascular invasion, tumour differentiation, mismatch repair protein status, and survival to 18 years) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The biological consequences of LL-37 expression on the epithelial barrier and immune cell phenotype were assessed using targeted quantitative PCR gene expression of epithelial permeability (CLDN2, CLDN4, OCLN, CDH1, and TJP1) and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-10, IL-22, and IL-27) genes in a human colon organoid model, and CD3+ , CD4+ , and CD8+ lymphocyte phenotyping by immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our data reveal that loss of cathelicidin is associated with human CRC progression, with a switch in expression intensity an early feature of CRC. LL-37 expression intensity is associated with CD8+ T cell infiltrate, influenced by tumour characteristics including mismatch repair protein status. There was no effect on epithelial barrier gene expression. These data offer novel insights into the contribution of LL-37 to the pathogenesis of CRC and as a therapeutic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Porter
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Abdo Alnabulsi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Manuel Salto‐Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
- Integrated Pathology Programme, Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Ji M Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMDUSA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Mairi H McLean
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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6
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Chen K, Yoshimura T, Yao X, Gong W, Huang J, Dzutsev AK, McCulloch J, O'hUigin C, Bian XW, Trinchieri G, Wang JM. Distinct contributions of cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) derived from epithelial cells and macrophages to colon mucosal homeostasis. J Pathol 2021; 253:339-350. [PMID: 33104252 PMCID: PMC7898386 DOI: 10.1002/path.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cathelin‐related antimicrobial peptide CRAMP protects the mouse colon from inflammation, inflammation‐associated carcinogenesis, and disrupted microbiome balance, as shown in systemic Cnlp−/− mice (also known as Camp−/− mice). However, the mechanistic basis for the role and the cellular source of CRAMP in colon pathophysiology are ill defined. This study, using either epithelial or myeloid conditional Cnlp−/−mice, demonstrated that epithelial cell‐derived CRAMP played a major role in supporting normal development of colon crypts, mucus production, and repair of injured mucosa. On the other hand, myeloid cell‐derived CRAMP potently supported colon epithelial resistance to bacterial invasion during acute inflammation with exacerbated mucosal damage and higher rate of mouse mortality. Therefore, a well concerted cooperation of epithelial‐ and myeloid‐derived CRAMP is essential for colon mucosal homeostasis. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Cancer and Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Amiran K Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John McCulloch
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Colm O'hUigin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Cancer and Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
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7
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Tian C, Chen K, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Huang J, Wang JM. The G-Protein Coupled Formyl Peptide Receptors and Their Role in the Progression of Digestive Tract Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820973280. [PMID: 33251986 PMCID: PMC7705772 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820973280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a causative factor of many cancers, although it
originally acts as a protective host response to the loss of tissue homeostasis.
Many inflammatory conditions predispose susceptible cells, most of which are of
epithelial origin, to neoplastic transformation. There is a close correlation
between digestive tract (DT) cancer and chronic inflammation, such as esophageal
adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett’s esophagus, helicobacter
pylori infection as the cause of stomach cancer, hepatitis leading
to liver cirrhosis and subsequent cancer, and colon cancer linking to
inflammatory bowel diseases and schistosomiasis. A prominent
feature of malignant transformation of DT tract epithelial cells is their
adoption of somatic gene mutations resulting in abnormal expression of proteins
that endow the cells with unlimited proliferation as well as increased motility
and invasive capabilities. Many of these events are mediated by Gi-protein
coupled chemoattractant receptors (GPCRs) including formyl peptide receptors
(FPRs in human, Fprs in mice). In this article, we review the current
understanding of FPRs (Fprs) and their function in DT cancer types as well as
their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimeng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Cancer Basic Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
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8
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Chen X, Ji S, Si J, Zhang X, Wang X, Guo Y, Zou X. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of oral carcinoma HSC-3 cells via a novel mechanism involving caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5243-5250. [PMID: 33174023 PMCID: PMC7646992 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide and its active product, LL-37 (CAMP/LL-37), exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects. An increasing number of studies have shown that human CAMP/LL-37 also serves significant roles in various types of cancer. The primary aims of the present study were to investigate the roles and mechanisms of human CAMP/LL-37 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The results indicated that either LL-37 C-terminal deletion mutants (CDEL) or CAMP stable expression in HSC-3 cells reduced colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of the cells. Expression analysis demonstrated that either CDEL or CAMP stable expression in HSC-3 cells induced caspase-3 mediated apoptosis via the P53-Bcl-2/BAX signalling pathway, whereas the levels of cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin B1 and PKR-like ER kinase, were significantly upregulated in the CAMP, but not in the CDEL overexpressing cells. Transcriptional profile comparisons revealed that CDEL or CAMP stable expression in HSC-3 cells upregulated expression of genes involved in the IL-17-dependent pathway compared with the control. Taken together, these results suggest that CAMP may act as a tumour suppressor in OSCC cells, and the underlying mechanism involves the induction of caspase-3 mediated apoptosis via the P53-Bcl-2/BAX signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Shenying Ji
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Si
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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9
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Lebegge E, Arnouk SM, Bardet PMR, Kiss M, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA. Innate Immune Defense Mechanisms by Myeloid Cells That Hamper Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1395. [PMID: 32733461 PMCID: PMC7363805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has been steering immune responses toward cancer cell eradication. However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Lebegge
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sana M Arnouk
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline M R Bardet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Máté Kiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Tornesello AL, Borrelli A, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML. Antimicrobial Peptides as Anticancer Agents: Functional Properties and Biological Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:E2850. [PMID: 32575664 PMCID: PMC7356147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defense peptides, are small cationic or amphipathic molecules produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms that play a key role in the innate immune defense against viruses, bacteria and fungi. AMPs have either antimicrobial or anticancer activities. Indeed, cationic AMPs are able to disrupt microbial cell membranes by interacting with negatively charged phospholipids. Moreover, several peptides are capable to trigger cytotoxicity of human cancer cells by binding to negatively charged phosphatidylserine moieties which are selectively exposed on the outer surface of cancer cell plasma membranes. In addition, some AMPs, such as LTX-315, have shown to induce release of tumor antigens and potent damage associated molecular patterns by causing alterations in the intracellular organelles of cancer cells. Given the recognized medical need of novel anticancer drugs, AMPs could represent a potential source of effective therapeutic agents, either alone or in combination with other small molecules, in oncology. In this review we summarize and describe the properties and the mode of action of AMPs as well as the strategies to increase their selectivity toward specific cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Antonella Borrelli
- Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.B.); (M.L.T.)
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11
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Gubatan J, Mehigan GA, Villegas F, Mitsuhashi S, Longhi MS, Malvar G, Csizmadia E, Robson S, Moss AC. Cathelicidin Mediates a Protective Role of Vitamin D in Ulcerative Colitis and Human Colonic Epithelial Cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:885-897. [PMID: 31955203 PMCID: PMC7216768 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a protective role in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients through unclear mechanisms. Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial peptide induced by 1,25(OH)D2. Our goal was to evaluate the link between cathelicidin and vitamin D-associated clinical outcomes in UC patients, explore vitamin D induction of cathelicidin in human colon cells, and evaluate the effects of intrarectal human cathelicidin on a murine model of colitis. METHODS Serum and colonic cathelicidin levels were measured in UC patients and correlated with clinical and histologic outcomes. Human colon cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D and production of cathelicidin and cytokines were quantified. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli from cell culture supernatants was measured. Mice were treated with intrarectal cathelicidin, and its effects on DSS colitis and intestinal microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS In UC patients, serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with serum and colonic cathelicidin. Higher serum cathelicidin is associated with decreased risk of histologic inflammation and clinical relapse but not independent of 25(OH)D or baseline inflammation. The 1,25(OH)2D treatment of colon cells induced cathelicidin and IL-10, repressed TNF-α, and suppressed Escherichia coli growth. This antimicrobial effect was attenuated with siRNA-cathelicidin transfection. Intrarectal cathelicidin reduced the severity of DSS colitis but did not mitigate the impact of colitis on microbial composition. CONCLUSIONS Cathelicidin plays a protective role in 25(OH)D-associated UC histologic outcomes and murine colitis. Cathelicidin is induced by vitamin D in human colonic epithelial cells and promotes antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Our study provides insights into the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gillian A Mehigan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Villegas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace Malvar
- Division of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to: Alan C. Moss, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. E-mail:
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12
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Yang B, Good D, Mosaiab T, Liu W, Ni G, Kaur J, Liu X, Jessop C, Yang L, Fadhil R, Yi Z, Wei MQ. Significance of LL-37 on Immunomodulation and Disease Outcome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8349712. [PMID: 32509872 PMCID: PMC7246396 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8349712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
LL-37, also called cathelicidin, is an important part of the human immune system, which can resist various pathogens. A plethora of experiments have demonstrated that it has the multifunctional effects of immune regulation, in addition to antimicrobial activity. Recently, there have been increasing interest in its immune function. It was found that LL-37 can have two distinct functions in different tissues and different microenvironments. Thus, it is necessary to investigate LL-37 immune functions from the two sides of the same coin. On the one side, LL-37 promotes inflammation and immune response and exerts its anti-infective and antitumor effects; on the other side, it has the ability to inhibit inflammation and promote carcinogenesis. This review presents a brief summary of its expression, structure, and immunomodulatory effects as well as brief discussions on the role of this small peptide as a key factor in the development and treatment of various inflammation-related diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - David Good
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Qld 4014, Australia
| | - Tamim Mosaiab
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Qld 4558, Australia
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Qld 4558, Australia
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Calvin Jessop
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Rushdi Fadhil
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Zhengjun Yi
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
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13
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Wnorowska U, Fiedoruk K, Piktel E, Prasad SV, Sulik M, Janion M, Daniluk T, Savage PB, Bucki R. Nanoantibiotics containing membrane-active human cathelicidin LL-37 or synthetic ceragenins attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles as novel and innovative therapeutic tools: current status and potential future applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:3. [PMID: 31898542 PMCID: PMC6939332 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches have attracted attention of scientists, in particular due to the special features of nanomaterials, such as adequate biocompatibility, ability to improve therapeutic efficiency of incorporated drugs and to limit their adverse effects. Among a variety of reported nanomaterials for biomedical applications, metal and metal oxide-based nanoparticles offer unique physicochemical properties allowing their use in combination with conventional antimicrobials and as magnetic field-controlled drug delivery nanocarriers. An ever-growing number of studies demonstrate that by combining magnetic nanoparticles with membrane-active, natural human cathelicidin-derived LL-37 peptide, and its synthetic mimics such as ceragenins, innovative nanoagents might be developed. Between others, they demonstrate high clinical potential as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and regenerative agents. Due to continuous research, knowledge on pleiotropic character of natural antibacterial peptides and their mimics is growing, and it is justifying to stay that the therapeutic potential of nanosystems containing membrane active compounds has not been exhausted yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Suhanya V Prasad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sulik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marianna Janion
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Al. IX Wiekow Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Wang J, Cheng M, Law IKM, Ortiz C, Sun M, Koon HW. Cathelicidin Suppresses Colon Cancer Metastasis via a P2RX7-Dependent Mechanism. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 12:195-203. [PMID: 30847383 PMCID: PMC6389776 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin inhibits development of colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the role of cathelicidin in colon cancer metastasis remains unknown. We hypothesized that cathelicidin is effective in inhibiting colon cancer metastasis. Human colon cancer HT-29 cells were injected intravenously into nude mice. Control HA-tagged adeno-associated virus (HA-AAV) or cathelicidin-overexpressing AAV (CAMP-HA-AAV) were injected intravenously into nude mice on the same day. Four weeks later, the nude mice were assessed for lung and liver metastases. Human colon cancer SW620 cells were used to study the effect of cathelicidin on cell migration and cytoskeleton. Incubation of SW620 cells with cathelicidin dose-dependently reduced cell migration, disrupted cytoskeletal structure, and reduced βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) mRNA expression. The addition of the P2RX7 antagonist KN62, but not the FPRL1 antagonist WRW4, prevented the LL-37-mediated inhibition of cell migration and TUBB3 mRNA expression. The CAMP-HA-AAV-overexpressing group showed significantly reduced human CK20 protein (by 60%) and TUBB3 mRNA expression (by 40%) in the lungs and liver of the HT-29-loaded nude mice, compared to the HA-AAV control group. Intraperitoneal injection of KN62 reversed the CAMP-HA-AAV-mediated inhibition of human CK20 and TUBB3 expression in the lungs and liver of HT-29-loaded nude mice. In conclusion, cathelicidin inhibits colon cancer metastasis via a P2RX7-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ivy K M Law
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christina Ortiz
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Zhang M, Liang W, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Chen K, Wang JM. The Critical Role of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37/ CRAMP in Protection of Colon Microbiota Balance, Mucosal Homeostasis, Anti-Inflammatory Responses, and Resistance to Carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 39:83-92. [PMID: 31679249 PMCID: PMC11000334 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2019030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and its homologue human cathelicidin (LL-37) play active roles in innate immune responses, angiogenesis, and wound healing. In addition, LL-37/CRAMP fends off microbes and protects against infections in the colon, where the epithelium is exposed to myriad of enteric pathogens. It is increasingly recognized that LL-37/CRAMP maintains colon mucosal barrier integrity, shapes the composition of microbiota, and protects the host from tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the importance of LL-37/CRAMP in the homeostasis of the host, with novel findings derived from mice deficient in CRAMP that support the proposition for this natural antimicrobial peptide and an immune modulator as a drug lead for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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16
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Mutual concessions and compromises between stromal cells and cancer cells: driving tumor development and drug resistance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:353-367. [PMID: 30027403 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various cancers have been found to be associated with heterogeneous and adaptive tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and to be driven by the local TMEs in which they thrive. Cancer heterogeneity plays an important role in tumor cell survival, progression and drug resistance. The diverse cellular components of the TME may include cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, pericytes, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes and other immune cells. These components may support tumor development through the secretion of growth factors, evasion from immune checkpoints, metabolic adaptations, modulations of the extracellular matrix, activation of oncogenes and the acquisition of drug resistance. Here, we will address recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying stromal-tumor cell interactions, with special emphasis on basic and pre-clinical information that may facilitate the design of novel personalized cancer therapies. CONCLUSIONS This review presents a holistic view on the translational potential of the interplay between stromal cells and cancer cells. This interplay is currently being employed for the development of promising preclinical and clinical biomarkers, and the design of small molecule inhibitors, antibodies and small RNAs for (combinatorial) cancer treatment options. In addition, nano-carriers, tissue scaffolds and 3-D based matrices are being developed to precisely and safely deliver these compounds.
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17
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Chen X, Qi G, Qin M, Zou Y, Zhong K, Tang Y, Guo Y, Jiang X, Liang L, Zou X. DNA methylation directly downregulates human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) promoter activity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27943-27952. [PMID: 28427192 PMCID: PMC5438620 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37, the active product of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. LL-37 also has important physiological functions in immune regulation, angiogenesis and in modulating apoptosis. The roles of LL-37 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still not clear. The correlation between DNA methylation and human CAMP expression is also unknown. Here human CAMP/LL-37 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal and OSCC tissues. The results indicated that low expression of CAMP/LL-37 correlated with histological differentiation and lymph node metastasis and also promoted tumor progression. A cell-specific methylation pattern in the promoter region of human CAMP was detected. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylation reagent can increase human CAMP expression in epithelial cancer cells. The reporter assay showed that unmethylated human CAMP promoter activity was significantly higher than methylated promoter activity. Taken together, these results suggested that human CAMP/LL-37 might act as a tumor-suppressor in OSCC and DNA methylation might play roles during carcinogenesis via directly downregulating human CAMP promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yantao Zou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Kanghua Zhong
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
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18
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Chen K, Bao Z, Gong W, Tang P, Yoshimura T, Wang JM. Regulation of inflammation by members of the formyl-peptide receptor family. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:64-77. [PMID: 28689639 PMCID: PMC5705339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a variety of diseases. The hallmark of inflammation is leukocyte infiltration at disease sites in response to pathogen- or damage-associated chemotactic molecular patterns (PAMPs and MAMPs), which are recognized by a superfamily of seven transmembrane, Gi-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on cell surface. Chemotactic GPCRs are composed of two major subfamilies: the classical GPCRs and chemokine GPCRs. Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the classical chemotactic GPCR subfamily with unique properties that are increasingly appreciated for their expression on diverse host cell types and the capacity to interact with a plethora of chemotactic PAMPs and MAMPs. Three FPRs have been identified in human: FPR1-FPR3, with putative corresponding mouse counterparts. FPR expression was initially described in myeloid cells but subsequently in many non-hematopoietic cells including cancer cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that FPRs possess multiple functions in addition to controlling inflammation, and participate in the processes of many pathophysiologic conditions. They are not only critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking, but are also implicated in tissue repair, angiogenesis and protection against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. A series recent discoveries have greatly expanded the scope of FPRs in host defense which uncovered the essential participation of FPRs in step-wise trafficking of myeloid cells including neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in host responses to bacterial infection, tissue injury and wound healing. Also of great interest is the FPRs are exploited by malignant cancer cells for their growth, invasion and metastasis. In this article, we review the current understanding of FPRs concerning their expression in a vast array of cell types, their involvement in guiding leukocyte trafficking in pathophysiological conditions, and their capacity to promote the differentiation of immune cells, their participation in tumor-associated inflammation and cancer progression. The close association of FPRs with human diseases and cancer indicates their potential as targets for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhiyao Bao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peng Tang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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He Y, Wu C, Li J, Li H, Sun Z, Zhang H, de Vos P, Pan LL, Sun J. Inulin-Type Fructans Modulates Pancreatic-Gut Innate Immune Responses and Gut Barrier Integrity during Experimental Acute Pancreatitis in a Chain Length-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1209. [PMID: 29018453 PMCID: PMC5622924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdominal inflammatory disorder and one of the leading causes of hospital admission for gastrointestinal disorders. No specific pharmacological or nutritional therapy is available but highly needed. Inulin-type fructans (ITFs) are capable of modifying gut immune and barrier homeostasis in a chemistry-dependent manner and hence potentially applicable for managing AP, but their efficacy in AP has not been demonstrated yet. The current study aimed to examine and compare modulatory effects of ITFs with different degrees of fermentability on pancreatic-gut immunity and barrier function during experimentally induced AP in mice. BALB/c mice were fed short (I)- or long (IV)-chain ITFs supplemented diets for up to 3 days before AP induction by caerulein. Attenuating effects on AP development were stronger with ITF IV than with ITF I. We found that long-chain ITF IV attenuated the severity of AP, as evidenced by reduced serum amylase levels, lipase levels, pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity, pancreatic edema, and histological examination demonstrating reduced pancreatic damage. Short-chain ITF I demonstrated only partial protective effects. Both ITF IV and ITF I modulated AP-associated systemic cytokine levels. ITF IV but not ITF I restored AP-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating colonic tight junction modulatory proteins, antimicrobial peptides, and improved general colonic histology. Additionally, differential modulatory effects of ITF IV and ITF I were observed on pancreatic and gut immunity: ITF IV supplementation prevented innate immune cell infiltration in the pancreas and colon and tissue cytokine production. Similar effects were only observed in the gut with ITF I and not in the pancreas. Lastly, ITF IV but not ITF I downregulated AP-triggered upregulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) and phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and a net decrease of phosphor-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 (p-NF-κB p65) nuclear translocation and activation in the pancreas. Our findings demonstrate a clear chain length-dependent effect of inulin on AP. The attenuating effects are caused by modulating effects of long-chain inulin on the pancreatic-gut immunity via the pancreatic IRAK-4/p-JNK/p-NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and on prevention of disruption of the gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Paul de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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20
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Organoid-based epithelial to mesenchymal transition (OEMT) model: from an intestinal fibrosis perspective. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2435. [PMID: 28550311 PMCID: PMC5446415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current in vitro or in vivo intestinal fibrosis models have many limitations. Recent advancements in the isolation and culturing of organoids has led to development of various three-dimensional (3D) intestinal disease models with in vivo physiology. In this study, we generated an organoid-based epithelial to mesenchymal transition (OEMT) model, which could be used as a novel intestinal fibrosis model. Intestinal epithelial organoids (IEOs) were isolated and cultured from the small intestines of normal mice. IEOs were treated with transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) or Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to evaluate their phenotypic change. Raw 264.7 cells (macrophage) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide were co-cultured with IEOs in growth media with or without TGF-β1. TGF-β1 alone slightly induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the IEOs but mainly disrupted them. Macrophage released cytokines synergistically induced mesenchymal phenotypic changes in TGF-β1 stimulated intestinal organoids. TNF-α and TGF-β1 synergistically induced proliferation of mesenchymal cells as well as EMT in the IEOs. We generated a novel OEMT model based on our finding that TNF-α and TGF-β synergistically induce type 2 EMT in IEOs. This 3D EMT model with in vivo physiology could be used to study EMT associated intestinal fibrosis.
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21
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Circulating cathelicidin levels correlate with mucosal disease activity in ulcerative colitis, risk of intestinal stricture in Crohn's disease, and clinical prognosis in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28494754 PMCID: PMC5427565 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cathelicidin (LL-37) is an antimicrobial peptide known to be associated with various autoimmune diseases. We attempt to determine if cathelicidin can accurately reflect IBD disease activity. We hypothesize that serum cathelicidin correlates with mucosal disease activity, stricture, and clinical prognosis of IBD patients. Methods Serum samples were collected from two separate cohorts of patients at the University of California, Los Angeles. Cohort 1 consisted of 50 control, 23 UC, and 28 CD patients. Cohort 2 consisted of 20 control, 57 UC, and 67 CD patients. LL-37 levels were determined by ELISA. Data from both cohorts were combined for calculation of accuracies in indicating mucosal disease activity, relative risks of stricture, and odds ratios of predicting disease development. Results Serum cathelicidin levels were inversely correlated with Partial Mayo Scores of UC patients and Harvey-Bradshaw Indices of CD patients. Among IBD patients with moderate or severe initial disease activity, the patients with high initial LL-37 levels had significantly better recovery than the patients with low initial LL-37 levels after 6–18 months, suggesting that high LL-37 levels correlate with good prognosis. Co-evaluation of LL-37 and CRP levels was more accurate than CRP alone or LL-37 alone in the correlation with Mayo Endoscopic Score of UC patients. Low LL-37 levels indicated a significantly elevated risk of intestinal stricture in CD patients. Conclusion Co-evaluation of LL-37 and CRP can indicate mucosal disease activity in UC patients. LL-37 can predict future clinical activity in IBD patients and indicate risk of intestinal stricture in CD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0619-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Santiago-Ortiz JL, Schaffer DV. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in cancer gene therapy. J Control Release 2016; 240:287-301. [PMID: 26796040 PMCID: PMC4940329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been utilized in a large number of gene therapy clinical trials, which have demonstrated their strong safety profile and increasingly their therapeutic efficacy for treating monogenic diseases. For cancer applications, AAV vectors have been harnessed for delivery of an extensive repertoire of transgenes to preclinical models and, more recently, clinical trials involving certain cancers. This review describes the applications of AAV vectors to cancer models and presents developments in vector engineering and payload design aimed at tailoring AAV vectors for transduction and treatment of cancer cells. We also discuss the current status of AAV clinical development in oncology and future directions for AAV in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Santiago-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Wang Y, Gersten A, Moleirinho S, Gunn-Moore FJ, Reynolds PA, Prystowsky MB. Fibroblasts in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated With Perineural Invasion Have High-Level Nuclear Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Expression. Acad Pathol 2015; 2:2374289515616972. [PMID: 28725753 PMCID: PMC5479460 DOI: 10.1177/2374289515616972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively studied the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) using immunohistochemical staining in 10 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with associated perineural invasion. We find that fibroblasts in areas associated with perineural invasion show higher levels of nuclear YAP compared to fibroblasts in the stroma of normal mucosa, with a median cell count of 35.4 per high-power field in the former and 3.9 in the latter. No differences were observed between the expression of YAP phosphorylated at Ser127 in the tumoral stroma compared to that in the normal mucosa, with a median cell count expression of 4.9 in the former versus 5.0 in the latter. Therefore, a strong and increased nuclear YAP expression in fibroblasts associated with perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma suggests that YAP-mediated transcription programs in these fibroblasts may contribute to perineural invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adam Gersten
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Susana Moleirinho
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews,
Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews,
Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul A. Reynolds
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews,
Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Piktel E, Niemirowicz K, Wnorowska U, Wątek M, Wollny T, Głuszek K, Góźdź S, Levental I, Bucki R. The Role of Cathelicidin LL-37 in Cancer Development. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:33-46. [PMID: 26395996 PMCID: PMC4713713 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LL-37 is a C-terminal peptide proteolytically released from 18 kDa human cathelicidin protein (hCAP18). Chronic infections, inflammation, tissue injury and tissue regeneration are all linked with neoplastic growth, and involve LL-37 antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Such a link points to the possible involvement of LL-37 peptide in carcinogenesis. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that LL-37 can have two different and contradictory effects--promotion or inhibition of tumor growth. The mechanisms are tissue-specific, complex, and depend mostly on the ability of LL-37 to act as a ligand for different membrane receptors whose expression varies on different cancer cells. Overexpression of LL-37 was found to promote development and progression of ovarian, lung and breast cancers, and to suppress tumorigenesis in colon and gastric cancer. This review explores and summarizes the current views on how LL-37 contributes to immunity, pathophysiology and cell signaling involved in malignant tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Góźdź
- The Faculty of Health Sciences of The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Microbiology of Infections, Faculty of Health Sciences of The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
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