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Wright O, Harris A, Nguyen VD, Zhou Y, Durand M, Jayyaratnam A, Gormley D, O'Neill LAJ, Triantafilou K, Nichols EM, Booty LM. C5aR2 Regulates STING-Mediated Interferon Beta Production in Human Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:2707. [PMID: 38067135 PMCID: PMC10706378 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system mediates diverse regulatory immunological functions. C5aR2, an enigmatic receptor for anaphylatoxin C5a, has been shown to modulate PRR-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in human macrophages. However, the specific downstream targets and underlying molecular mechanisms are less clear. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to generate macrophage models lacking C5aR2, which were used to probe the role of C5aR2 in the context of PRR stimulation. cGAS and STING-induced IFN-β secretion was significantly increased in C5aR2 KO THP-1 cells and C5aR2-edited primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, and STING and IRF3 expression were increased, albeit not significantly, in C5aR2 KO cell lines implicating C5aR2 as a regulator of the IFN-β response to cGAS-STING pathway activation. Transcriptomic analysis by RNAseq revealed that nucleic acid sensing and antiviral signalling pathways were significantly up-regulated in C5aR2 KO THP-1 cells. Altogether, these data suggest a link between C5aR2 and nucleic acid sensing in human macrophages. With further characterisation, this relationship may yield therapeutic options in interferon-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wright
- Immunology Network, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VR66 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Harris
- Immunology Network, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Maxim Durand
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | | | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VR66 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | | | - Lee M Booty
- Immunology Network, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
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2
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Jiang K, Lu S, Li D, Liu M, Jin H, Lei B, Wang S, Long K, He S, Zhong F. Blockade of C5aR1 alleviates liver inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH by regulating TLR4 signaling and macrophage polarization. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:894-907. [PMID: 37227481 PMCID: PMC10423130 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of chronic fatty liver disease, which is a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the roles of the C5aR1 in the NASH remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of the C5aR1 on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in murine NASH model. METHODS Mice were fed a normal chow diet with corn oil (ND + Oil), a Western diet with corn oil (WD + Oil) or a Western diet with carbon tetrachloride (WD + CCl4) for 12 weeks. The effects of the C5a-C5aR1 axis on the progression of NASH were analyzed and the underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS Complement factor C5a was elevated in NASH mice. C5 deficiency reduced hepatic lipid droplet accumulation in the NASH mice. The hepatic expression levels of TNFα, IL-1β and F4/80 were decreased in C5-deficient mice. C5 loss alleviated hepatic fibrosis and downregulated the expression levels of α-SMA and TGFβ1. C5aR1 deletion reduced inflammation and fibrosis in NASH mice. Transcriptional profiling of liver tissues and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that several pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling, NFκB signaling, TNF signaling, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were enriched between C5aR1 deficiency and wild-type mice. Mechanistically, C5aR1 deletion decreased the expression of TLR4 and NLRP3, subsequently regulating macrophage polarization. Moreover, C5aR1 antagonist PMX-53 treatment mitigated the progression of NASH in mice. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of the C5a-C5aR1 axis reduces hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH mice. Our data suggest that C5aR1 may be a potential target for drug development and therapeutic intervention of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shibang Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Biao Lei
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Sifan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Kang Long
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fudi Zhong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, China.
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3
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Schanzenbacher J, Hendrika Kähler K, Mesler E, Kleingarn M, Marcel Karsten C, Leonard Seiler D. The role of C5a receptors in autoimmunity. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152413. [PMID: 37598588 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune response and plays a vital role in host defense and inflammation. Dysregulation of the complement system, particularly involving the anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2), has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, indicating the potential for targeted therapies. C5aR1 and C5aR2 are seven-transmembrane receptors with distinct signaling mechanisms that play both partially overlapping and opposing roles in immunity. Both receptors are expressed on a broad spectrum of immune and non-immune cells and are involved in cellular functions and physiological processes during homeostasis and inflammation. Dysregulated C5a-mediated inflammation contributes to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, antiphospholipid syndrome, and others. Therefore, targeting C5a or its receptors may yield therapeutic innovations in these autoimmune diseases by reducing the recruitment and activation of immune cells that lead to tissue inflammation and injury, thereby exacerbating the autoimmune response. Clinical trials focused on the inhibition of C5 cleavage or the C5a/C5aR1-axis using small molecules or monoclonal antibodies hold promise for bringing novel treatments for autoimmune diseases into practice. However, given the heterogeneous nature of (systemic) autoimmune diseases, there are still several challenges, such as patient selection, optimal dosing, and treatment duration, that require further investigation and development to realize the full therapeutic potential of C5a receptor inhibition, ideally in the context of a personalized medicine approach. Here, we aim to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge on the function of C5a receptors, the involvement of C5a receptors in autoimmune disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying C5a receptor-mediated autoimmunity, and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Hendrika Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Evelyn Mesler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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4
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Anliker-Ort M, Dingemanse J, Farine H, Groenen P, Kornberger R, van den Anker J, Kaufmann P. Multiple-ascending doses of ACT-1014-6470, an oral complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5a 1 receptor) antagonist: Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and target engagement. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:380-389. [PMID: 36000981 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Targeting the complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5a1 receptor) offers potential to treat various autoimmune diseases. The C5a1 receptor antagonist ACT-1014-6470 was well tolerated in a single-ascending dose study in healthy subjects. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and target engagement of multiple-ascending doses of ACT-1014-6470. METHODS Per dose level, 10 healthy male and female subjects of nonchildbearing potential (1:1 sex ratio) were enrolled to assess 30, 60 and 120 mg ACT-1014-6470 administered twice daily for 4.5 days under fed conditions. Adverse events, clinical laboratory data, vital signs, electrocardiogram and PK blood samples were collected up to 120 h post last dose and ex vivo stimulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 was quantified as target engagement biomarker. At the 60-mg dose level, PK samples were collected until 8 weeks post last dose. RESULTS The total adverse event number was 57 and no treatment-related safety pattern was apparent. At steady state, ACT-1014-6470 reached maximum plasma concentrations after 2-3 h and the half-life estimated up to Day 10 was 115-146 h across dose levels. Exposure parameters increased dose-proportionally, steady state was attained between Day 3-5, and ACT-1014-6470 accumulated 2-fold. At the 60-mg dose level, ACT-1014-6470 was quantifiable until 8 weeks after the last dose. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 release was suppressed to endogenous background concentrations up to the last sampling time point, confirming sustained target engagement of ACT-1014-6470. CONCLUSION The compound was generally safe and well tolerated at all dose levels, warranting further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Anliker-Ort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Farine
- Translational Biomarkers, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Groenen
- Translational Biomarkers, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - John van den Anker
- Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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5
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Ort M, Dingemanse J, Hsin CH, Richard M, Huehn E, Sabattini G, van de Wetering J, Kornberger R, van den Anker J, Kaufmann P. First-in-human study with ACT-1014-6470, a novel oral complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) antagonist, supported by pharmacokinetic predictions from animals to patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:114-128. [PMID: 35596117 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrantly controlled activation of the complement system contributes to inflammatory diseases. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single-ascending doses of ACT-1014-6470, a novel orally available complement factor 5a receptor 1 antagonist, were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1 study. Six ACT-1014-6470 doses (0.5-200 mg) were selected after predictions from a Complex Dedrick plot. In each group, ACT-1014-6470 or matching placebo was administered to six and two healthy male individuals under fed conditions, respectively, including a cross-over part with 10 mg administered also under fasted conditions. Pharmacokinetic blood sampling and safety assessments (adverse events, clinical laboratory, vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and QT telemetry) were performed. ACT-1014-6470 was absorbed with a time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax ) of 3 h across dose levels and eliminated with a terminal half-life of 30-46 h at doses ≥ 2.5 mg. Exposure increased approximately dose proportionally. Under fed compared to fasted conditions, ACT-1014-6470 exposure was 2.2-fold higher and tmax delayed by 1.5 h. Pharmacokinetic modelling predicted that twice-daily oral administration is warranted in a subsequent multiple-dose study. No clinically relevant findings were observed in safety assessments. ACT-1014-6470 was well tolerated at all doses and could provide a novel therapy with more patient-friendly administration route compared to biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Richard
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Eva Huehn
- Department of Preclinical Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Sabattini
- Department of Preclinical Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - John van den Anker
- Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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6
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Cui CS, Kumar V, Gorman DM, Clark RJ, Lee JD, Woodruff TM. In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Method to Assess Complement C5a Receptor Antagonist Efficacy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:41-51. [PMID: 35059568 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) has been studied as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, with several drug candidates identified. Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug candidate is a crucial preclinical step that allows for a greater understanding of a compound's in vivo biodistribution and target engagement to assist in clinical dose selection and dosing frequency. However, few in vivo pharmacodynamic methods have been described for C5a inhibitors. In this study, we, therefore, developed a complete in vivo pharmacodynamic assay in mice and applied this method to the peptide-based C5aR1 antagonists PMX53 and JPE-1375. Intravenous administration of recombinant mouse C5a induced rapid neutrophil mobilization and plasma TNF elevation over a 60 min period. By using C5a receptor-deficient mice, we demonstrated that this response was driven primarily through C5aR1. We next identified using this model that both PMX53 and JPE-1375 have similar in vivo working doses that can inhibit C5aR1-mediated neutrophilia and cytokine production in a dose as low as 1 mg/kg following intravenous injection. However, the in vivo active duration for PMX53 lasted for up to 6 h, significantly longer than that for JPE-1375 (<2 h). Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated rapid plasma distribution and elimination of both compounds, although PMX53 had a longer half-life, which allowed for the development of an accurate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Overall, our study developed a robust in vivo pharmacodynamic model for C5aR1 inhibitors in mice that may assist in preclinical translational studies of therapeutic drug candidates targeting C5a and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Declan M Gorman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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7
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Nording H, Baron L, Haberthür D, Emschermann F, Mezger M, Sauter M, Sauter R, Patzelt J, Knoepp K, Nording A, Meusel M, Meyer-Saraei R, Hlushchuk R, Sedding D, Borst O, Eitel I, Karsten CM, Feil R, Pichler B, Erdmann J, Verschoor A, Chavakis E, Chavakis T, von Hundelshausen P, Köhl J, Gawaz M, Langer HF. The C5a/C5a receptor 1 axis controls tissue neovascularization through CXCL4 release from platelets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3352. [PMID: 34099640 PMCID: PMC8185003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets contribute to the regulation of tissue neovascularization, although the specific factors underlying this function are unknown. Here, we identified the complement anaphylatoxin C5a-mediated activation of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) on platelets as a negative regulatory mechanism of vessel formation. We showed that platelets expressing C5aR1 exert an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell functions such as migration and 2D and 3D tube formation. Growth factor- and hypoxia-driven vascularization was markedly increased in C5ar1-/- mice. Platelet-specific deletion of C5aR1 resulted in a proangiogenic phenotype with increased collateralization, capillarization and improved pericyte coverage. Mechanistically, we found that C5a induced preferential release of CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4, PF4) from platelets as an important antiangiogenic paracrine effector molecule. Interfering with the C5aR1-CXCL4 axis reversed the antiangiogenic effect of platelets both in vitro and in vivo.In conclusion, we identified a mechanism for the control of tissue neovascularization through C5a/C5aR1 axis activation in platelets and subsequent induction of the antiangiogenic factor CXCL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Nording
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lasse Baron
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Haberthür
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Emschermann
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mezger
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manuela Sauter
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johannes Patzelt
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kai Knoepp
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Nording
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Meusel
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roza Meyer-Saraei
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sedding
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Eitel
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Pichler
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Preclinical Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Admar Verschoor
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Chavakis
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Department for Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital of the Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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8
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Schizophrenia: Complement Cleaning or Killing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020259. [PMID: 33670154 PMCID: PMC7916832 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a typical onset occurring during adolescence or young adulthood. The heterogeneity of the disorder complicates our understanding of the pathophysiology. Reduced cortical synaptic densities are commonly observed in schizophrenia and suggest a role for excessive synaptic elimination. A major pathway hypothesised to eliminate synapses during postnatal development is the complement system. This review provides an overview of genetic and functional evidence found for the individual players of the classical complement pathway. In addition, the consequences of the absence of complement proteins, in the form of complement protein deficiencies in humans, are taken into consideration. The collective data provide strong evidence for excessive pruning by the classical complement pathway, contributing to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In future studies, it will be important to assess the magnitude of the contribution of complement overactivity to the occurrence and prevalence of phenotypic features in schizophrenia. In addition, more insight is required for the exact mechanisms by which the complement system causes excessive pruning, such as the suggested involvement of microglial engulfment and degradation of synapses. Ultimately, this knowledge is a prerequisite for the development of therapeutic interventions for selective groups of schizophrenia patients.
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Complement-5 Inhibition Deters Progression of Fulminant Hepatitis to Acute Liver Failure in Murine Models. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1351-1367. [PMID: 33444818 PMCID: PMC8022253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition with limited treatment alternatives. ALF pathogenesis seemingly involves the complement system. However, no complement-targeted intervention has been clinically applied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of Complement-5 (C5)-targeted ALF treatment. METHODS ALF was induced in C5-knockout (KO, B10D2/oSn) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (B10D2/nSn) through intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (D-GalN) administration. Thereafter, monoclonal anti-C5 antibody (Ab) or control immunoglobulin was administered intravenously. Furthermore, a selective C5a-receptor (C5aR) antagonist was administered to WT mice to compare its efficacy with that of anti-C5-Ab-mediated total C5 inhibition. We clarified the therapeutic effect of delayed anti-C5-Ab administration after LPS/D-GalN challenge. We also assessed the efficacy of anti-C5-Ab in another ALF model, using concanavalin-A. RESULTS Liver injury was evident 6 hours after LPS/D-GalN administration. C5-KO and anti-C5-Ab treatment significantly improved overall animal survival and significantly reduced serum transaminase and high-mobility group box-1 release with decreased histological tissue damage. This improvement was characterized by significantly reduced CD41+ platelet aggregation, maintained F4/80+ cells, and less infiltration of CD11+/Ly6-G+ cells with lower cytokine/chemokine expression. Furthermore, C5-KO and anti-C5-Ab downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages before inducing marked liver injury. Moreover, single-stranded-DNA cells and caspase activation were reduced, indicating significant attenuation of apoptosis. Anti-C5-Ab treatment protected the liver more effectively than the C5aR antagonist, and its delayed doses were hepatoprotective. In addition, anti-C5-Ab treatment was effective against concanavalin-A-induced ALF. CONCLUSIONS C5 inhibition effectively suppresses progression to ALF in mice models of fulminant hepatitis, serving as a new potential treatment strategy for ALF.
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10
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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11
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Guo J, Li M, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang LW, Sun QY. Pretreatment with atorvastatin ameliorates cobra venom factor-induced acute lung inflammation in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:263. [PMID: 33046059 PMCID: PMC7552367 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complement system plays a critical role as the pathogenic factor in the models of acute lung injury due to various causes. Cobra venom factor (CVF) is a commonly used complement research tool. The CVF can cause acute inflammation in the lung by producing complement activation components. Atorvastatin (ATR) is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitor approved for control of plasma cholesterol levels. This inhibitor can reduce the acute pulmonary inflammatory response. However, the ability of ATR in treating acute lung inflammation caused by complement activation is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ATR on lung inflammation in mice induced by activation of the complement alternative pathway in this study. Methods ATR (10 mg/kg/day via oral gavage) was administered for 7 days before tail vein injection of CVF (25 μg/kg). On the seventh day, all mice were sacrificed 1 h after injection. The lung lobe, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and blood samples were collected. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the lung homogenate, the leukocyte cell count, and the protein content of BALF were measured. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), P-selectin, and Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in BALF and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological change of the lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The deposition of C5b-9 in the lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results The lung inflammation levels were determined by measuring the leukocyte cell numbers and protein content of BALF, the lung MPO activity, and expression and staining of the inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α), and adhesion molecules (P-selectin and ICAM-1) for lung lesion. A significant reduction in the lung inflammation levels was observed after 7 days in ATR pre-treated mice with a CVF-induced lung disease. Deposition of C5b-9 was significantly alleviated by ATR pretreatment. Early intervention with ATR significantly reduced the development of acute lung inflammation on the basis of phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in the lung. Conclusion These findings suggest the identification of ATR treatment for the lung inflammation induced by activating the complement system on the basis of its anti-inflammatory response. Together with the model replicating the complement activating characteristics of acute lung injury, the results may be translatable to the overactivated complement relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.,Center for Pharmacology and Bioactivity Research, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Min Li
- General Ward, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Pharmacology and Bioactivity Research, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Pharmacology and Bioactivity Research, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China. .,Center for Pharmacology and Bioactivity Research, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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12
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Vinay P, Karen C, Balamurugan K, Rajan KE. Cronobacter sakazakii Infection in Early Postnatal Rats Impaired Contextual-Associated Learning: a Putative Role of C5a-Mediated NF-κβ and ASK1 Pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:28-41. [PMID: 32567007 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test whether the Cronobacter sakazakii infection-impaired contextual learning and memory are mediated by the activation of the complement system; subsequent activation of inflammatory signals leads to alternations in serotonin transporter (SERT). To test this, rat pups (postnatal day, PND 15) were treated with either C. sakazakii (107 CFU) or Escherichia coli OP50 (107 CFU) or Luria bertani broth (100 μL) through oral gavage and allowed to stay with their mothers until PND 24. Experimental groups' rats were allowed to explore (PNDs 31-35) and then trained in contextual learning task (PNDs 36-43). Five days after training, individuals were tested for memory retention (PNDs 49-56). Observed behavioural data showed that C. sakazakii infection impaired contextual-associative learning and memory. Furthermore, our analysis showed that C. sakazakii infection activates complement system complement anaphylatoxin (C5a) (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS1)) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase1 (MEKK1). Subsequently, MEKK1 induces pro-inflammatory signals possibly through apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/3) and protein kinase B gamma (AKT-3). In parallel, activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer B cells (NF-κB) induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IFNα-1, which may alter the level of serotonin transporter (SERT). Observed results suggest that impaired contextual learning and memory could be correlated with C5a-mediated NF-κβ and ASK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Vinay
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Christopher Karen
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | | | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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13
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Holt M, Seim BE, Øgaard J, Olsen MB, Woldbæk PR, Kvitting JP, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Mollnes TE, Nilsson PH, Louwe MC, Ranheim T. Selective and marked decrease of complement receptor C5aR2 in human thoracic aortic aneurysms: a dysregulation with potential inflammatory effects. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001098. [PMID: 31798913 PMCID: PMC6861114 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aetiology of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is largely unknown, but inflammation is
likely to play a central role in the pathogenesis. In this present study, we aim to
investigate the complement receptors in TAA. Methods Aortic tissue and blood from 31 patients with non-syndromic TAA undergoing thoracic
aortic repair surgery were collected. Aortic tissue and blood from 36 patients with
atherosclerosis undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery or aortic valve replacement
were collected and served as control material. The expression of the complement
anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR1, C5aR1 and C5aR2 in aortic tissue were examined by
quantitative RT-PCR and C5aR2 protein by immunohistochemistry. Colocalisation of C5aR2
to different cell types was analysed by immunofluorescence. Complement activation
products C3bc and sC5b-9 were measured in plasma. Results Compared with controls, TAA patients had substantial (73%) downregulated gene
expression of C5aR2 as seen both at the mRNA (p=0.005) level and protein (p=0.03) level.
In contrast, there were no differences in the expression of C3aR1 and C5aR1 between the
two groups. Immunofluorescence examination showed that C5aR2 was colocalised to
macrophages and T cells in the aortic media. There were no differences in the degree of
systemic complement activation between the two groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest downregulation of the C5aR2, regarded to act mainly
anti-inflammatory, in electively operated TAA as compared with non-aneurysmatic aortas
of patients with aortic stenosis and/or coronary artery disease. This may tip the
balance towards a relative increase in the inflammatory responses induced by C5aR1 and
thus enhance the inflammatory processes in TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe Holt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn E Seim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Øgaard
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria B Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per R Woldbæk
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - J P Kvitting
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory and Faculty of Health Sciences, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen TREC - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mieke C Louwe
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Yu S, Wang D, Huang L, Zhang Y, Luo R, Adah D, Tang Y, Zhao K, Lu B. The complement receptor C5aR2 promotes protein kinase R expression and contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release from macrophages. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8384-8394. [PMID: 30971430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that mediates maturation of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as release of the proinflammatory protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and contributes to several inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, gout, and type 2 diabetes. In this context, the well-studied active complement fragment C5a and its receptor C5aR1 or C5aR2 orchestrate the inflammatory responses in many diseases. Although a C5a-C5aR interaction in NLRP3-associated diseases has been suggested, little is known about the details of C5a-C5aR cross-talk with the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. In this study, using mice and murine macrophages and cytokines, immunoblotting, siRNA, and quantitative real-time PCR assays, we demonstrate that C5aR2 deficiency restricts activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and release of HMGB1 both in vitro and in vivo Mechanistically, we found that C5aR2 promotes NLRP3 activation by amplifying dsRNA-dependent PKR expression, which is an important NLRP3-activating factor. We also observed that elevation of PKR expression because of the C5a-C5aR2 interaction depends on the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase pathway and type I IFN signaling. In conclusion, these findings reveal that C5aR2 contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Yu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Lingmin Huang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yening Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Ruiheng Luo
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Dickson Adah
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
| | - Ben Lu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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15
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Munenaga S, Ouhara K, Hamamoto Y, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Yamasaki S, Kawai T, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Sugiyama E, Kurihara H. The involvement of C5a in the progression of experimental arthritis with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in SKG mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:247. [PMID: 30390695 PMCID: PMC6235227 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence to suggest that periodontal disease (PD) is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing. The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses. C5a has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including PD and RA. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative bacteria of PD and can produce C5a. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. gingivalis infection is involved in the progression of RA by elevating C5a levels. In the present study, P. gingivalis–infected RA model mice were established to investigate the involvement of C5a. Methods SKG mice orally infected with P. gingivalis were immunized with intraperitoneal injection of laminarin (LA) to induce arthritis. Arthritis development was assessed by arthritis score (AS), bone destruction on the talus, histology, and serum markers of RA. In order to investigate the effects of serum C5a on bone destruction, osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells was examined by using serum samples from each group of mice. The relationship between C5a levels and antibody titers to periodontal pathogens in patients with RA was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results P. gingivalis oral infection increased AS, infiltration of inflammatory cells, bone destruction on the talus, and serum markers of RA in mice immunized with LA. The addition of serum from LA-injected mice with the P. gingivalis oral infection promoted osteoclast differentiation, and the addition of a neutralization antibody against C5a suppressed osteoclast differentiation. C5a levels of serum in RA patients with positive P. gingivalis antibody were elevated compared with those in RA patients with negative P. gingivalis antibody. Conclusions These results suggest that P. gingivalis infection enhances the progression of RA via C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Munenaga
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Kurume University Medical Center, 155-1 Kokubu-machi, Kurume, 839-0863, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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16
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Bouwens van der Vlis TAM, Kros JM, Mustafa DAM, van Wijck RTA, Ackermans L, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ. The complement system in glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30208949 PMCID: PMC6134703 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human complement system is represents the main effector arm of innate immunity and its ambivalent function in cancer has been subject of ongoing dispute. Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) residing in specific niches within glioblastomas (GBM) are capable of self-renewal and tumor proliferation. Recent data are indicative of the influence of the complement system on the maintenance of these cells. It appears that the role of the complement system in glial tumorigenesis, particularly its influence on GSC niches and GSC maintenance, is significant and warrants further exploration for therapeutic interventions.
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17
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Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhuo Y, Cui L, Li C, Li D, Zhang S, Cui N, Wang X, Gao H. Resveratrol alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis of alveolar macrophage cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1961-1975. [PMID: 30093935 PMCID: PMC6079135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of death in intensive care units. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The underlying molecular mechanisms were deciphered by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). RSV pretreatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced acute lung injury, which was associated with enhanced expression of VEGF-B. The protective properties of RSV were assayed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MH-S cells. We determine that RSV administration inhibited the increased production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated MH-S cells, which was associated with inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB, P38, and ERK signaling pathways. We also provide evidence that RSV administration reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of MH-S cells by altering the unbalance of Bax/Bcl-2 and inhibiting LPS-induced autophagy. The inhibitory effects of RSV on cytokine levels and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages were both blocked by VEGF-B siRNA. Furthermore, RSV administration regulated LPS-induced C5aR and C5L2 expression, revealing an additional mechanism underlying RSV's anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. Collectively, these results demonstrated that RSV was able to protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury by activating the VEGF-B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Lihua Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Naiqiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTianjin 300100, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115, MA
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18
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Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Hornum L, Hansen AJ, Tornehave D, Fjording MS, Colmenero P, Wätjen IF, Søe Nielsen NH, Bliddal H, Bartels EM. C5a and C5aR are elevated in joints of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis patients, and C5aR blockade attenuates leukocyte migration to synovial fluid. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189017. [PMID: 29220376 PMCID: PMC5722346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement activation correlates to rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, and increased amounts of the complement split product C5a is observed in synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Blockade of C5a or its receptor (C5aR) is efficacious in several arthritis models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C5a and C5aR in human rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis–both with respect to expression and function. Synovial fluid, blood and synovial samples were obtained from rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis patients as a less inflammatory arthritis type, and blood from healthy subjects. Cells infiltrating synovial tissue were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. SF and blood were analysed for biomarkers by flow cytometry or ELISA. The effect of a blocking anti-human C5aR mAb on leukocyte migration was determined using a Boyden chamber. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for comparisons. C5aR+ cells were detected in most rheumatoid arthritis, in all psoriatic arthritis, but not in non-inflammatory control synovia. C5aR+ cells were primarily neutrophils and macrophages. C5aR+ macrophages were mainly found in lymphoid aggregates in close contact with T cells. C5a levels were increased in both rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid compared to osteoarthritis, and in blood from rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy subjects. Neutrophil and monocyte migration to rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid was significantly inhibited by anti-C5aR. The data support that the C5a-C5aR axis may be driving the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovial fluid and synovium in both rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, and suggest that C5a or C5aR may be a promising treatment target in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paula Colmenero
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Falbe Wätjen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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20
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Hernandez MX, Jiang S, Cole TA, Chu SH, Fonseca MI, Fang MJ, Hohsfield LA, Torres MD, Green KN, Wetsel RA, Mortazavi A, Tenner AJ. Prevention of C5aR1 signaling delays microglial inflammatory polarization, favors clearance pathways and suppresses cognitive loss. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:66. [PMID: 28923083 PMCID: PMC5604420 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic inhibition of C5aR1, a receptor for the complement activation proinflammatory fragment, C5a, suppressed pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. To validate that the effect of the antagonist was specifically via C5aR1 inhibition, mice lacking C5aR1 were generated and compared in behavior and pathology. In addition, since C5aR1 is primarily expressed on cells of the myeloid lineage, and only to a lesser extent on endothelial cells and neurons in brain, gene expression in microglia isolated from adult brain at multiple ages was compared across all genotypes. METHODS C5aR1 knock out mice were crossed to the Arctic AD mouse model, and characterized for pathology and for behavior performance in a hippocampal dependent memory task. CX3CR1GFP and CCR2RFP reporter mice were bred to C5aR1 sufficient and knockout wild type and Arctic mice to enable sorting of microglia (GFP-positive, RFP-negative) isolated from adult brain at 2, 5, 7 and 10 months of age followed by RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS A lack of C5aR1 prevented behavior deficits at 10 months, although amyloid plaque load was not altered. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages near the plaques in the Arctic brain with or without C5aR1. Microglia were sorted from infiltrating monocytes (GFP and RFP-positive) for transcriptome analysis. RNA-seq analysis identified inflammation related genes as differentially expressed, with increased expression in the Arctic mice relative to wild type and decreased expression in the Arctic/C5aR1KO relative to Arctic. In addition, phagosomal-lysosomal gene expression was increased in the Arctic mice relative to wild type but further increased in the Arctic/C5aR1KO mice. A decrease in neuronal complexity was seen in hippocampus of 10 month old Arctic mice at the time that correlates with the behavior deficit, both of which were rescued in the Arctic/C5aR1KO. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with microglial polarization in the absence of C5aR1 signaling reflecting decreased induction of inflammatory genes and enhancement of degradation/clearance pathways, which is accompanied by preservation of CA1 neuronal complexity and hippocampal dependent cognitive function. These results provide links between microglial responses and loss of cognitive performance and, combined with the previous pharmacological approach to inhibit C5aR1 signaling, support the potential of this receptor as a novel therapeutic target for AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tracy A Cole
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Present Address: Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria I Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Melody J Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria D Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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21
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The Controversial C5a Receptor C5aR2: Its Role in Health and Disease. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8193932. [PMID: 28706957 PMCID: PMC5494583 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8193932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of the C5a receptor C5aR1, C5aR2 is the second receptor found to bind C5a and its des-arginine form. As a heptahelical G protein-coupled receptor but devoid of the intracellular Gα signal, C5aR2 is special and confusing. Ramifications and controversies about C5aR2 are under debate since its identification, from putative ligands and cellular localization to intracellular signals and pathological roles in inflammation and immunity. The ruleless and even conflicting pro- or anti-inflammatory role of C5aR2 in animal models of diverse diseases makes one bewildered. This review summarizes reports on C5aR2, tries to clear up available evidence on these four controversial aspects, and delineates C5aR2 function(s). It also summarizes available toolboxes for C5aR2 study.
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22
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Intracellular complement - the complosome - in immune cell regulation. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:2-9. [PMID: 28601357 PMCID: PMC7112704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system was defined over a century ago based on its ability to "complement" the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune responses against pathogens. Today our understanding of this ancient part of innate immunity has changed substantially and we know now that complement plays an undisputed pivotal role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. The complement system consists of over 50 blood-circulating, cell-surface expressed and intracellular proteins. It is key in the recognition and elimination of invading pathogens, also in the removal of self-derived danger such as apoptotic cells, and it supports innate immune responses and the initiation of the general inflammatory reactions. The long prevailing classic view of complement was that of a serum-operative danger sensor and first line of defence system, however, recent experimental and clinical evidences have demonstrated that "local" tissue and surprisingly intracellular complement (the complosome) activation impacts on normal cell physiology. This review will focus on novel aspects of intracellular complement activation and its unexpected roles in basic cell processes such as metabolism. We also discuss what the existence of the complosome potentially means for how the host handles intracellular pathogens such as viruses.
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23
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Fattahi F, Kalbitz M, Malan EA, Abe E, Jajou L, Huber-Lang MS, Bosmann M, Russell MW, Zetoune FS, Ward PA. Complement-induced activation of MAPKs and Akt during sepsis: role in cardiac dysfunction. FASEB J 2017; 31:4129-4139. [PMID: 28572445 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700140r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis in mice causes myocardial dysfunction after generation of the complement anaphylatoxin, complement component 5a (C5a). C5a interacts with its receptors on cardiomyocytes (CMs), resulting in redox imbalance and cardiac dysfunction that can be functionally measured and quantitated using Doppler echocardiography. In this report we have evaluated activation of MAPKs and Akt in CMs exposed to C5a in vitro and after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in vivo In both cases, C5a in vitro caused activation (phosphorylation) of MAPKs and Akt in CMs, which required availability of both C5a receptors. Using immunofluorescence technology, activation of MAPKs and Akt occurred in left ventricular (LV) CMs, requiring both C5a receptors, C5aR1 and -2. Use of a water-soluble p38 inhibitor curtailed activation in vivo of MAPKs and Akt in LV CMs as well as the appearance of cytokines and histones in plasma from CLP mice. When mouse macrophages were exposed in vitro to LPS, activation of MAPKs and Akt also occurred. The copresence of the p38 inhibitor blocked these activation responses. Finally, the presence of the p38 inhibitor in CLP mice reduced the development of cardiac dysfunction. These data suggest that polymicrobial sepsis causes cardiac dysfunction that appears to be linked to activation of MAPKs and Akt in heart.-Fattahi, F., Kalbitz, M., Malan, E. A., Abe, E., Jajou, L., Huber-Lang, M. S., Bosmann, M., Russell, M. W., Zetoune, F. S., Ward, P. A. Complement-induced activation of MAPKs and Akt during sepsis: role in cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fattahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Malan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth Abe
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lawrence Jajou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus S Huber-Lang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark W Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Firas S Zetoune
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
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24
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West EE, Spolski R, Kazemian M, Yu ZX, Kemper C, Leonard WJ. A TSLP-complement axis mediates neutrophil killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:eaaf8471. [PMID: 28783679 PMCID: PMC8530006 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections often present as serious skin infections in otherwise healthy individuals and have become a worldwide epidemic problem fueled by the emergence of strains with antibiotic resistance, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is highly expressed in the skin and in other barrier surfaces and plays a deleterious role by promoting T helper cell type 2 (TH2) responses during allergic diseases; however, its role in host defense against bacterial infections has not been well elucidated. We describe a previously unrecognized non-TH2 role for TSLP in enhancing neutrophil killing of MRSA during an in vivo skin infection. Specifically, we demonstrate that TSLP acts directly on both mouse and human neutrophils to augment control of MRSA. Additionally, we show that TSLP also enhances killing of Streptococcus pyogenes, another clinically important cause of human skin infections. Unexpectedly, TSLP mechanistically mediates its antibacterial effect by directly engaging the complement C5 system to modulate production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils. Thus, TSLP increases MRSA killing in a neutrophil- and complement-dependent manner, revealing a key connection between TSLP and the innate complement system, with potentially important therapeutic implications for control of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA.
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
| | - Zu Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA.
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25
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Hess C, Kemper C. Complement-Mediated Regulation of Metabolism and Basic Cellular Processes. Immunity 2016; 45:240-54. [PMID: 27533012 PMCID: PMC5019180 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement is well appreciated as a critical arm of innate immunity. It is required for the removal of invading pathogens and works by directly destroying them through the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, complement activation and function is not confined to the extracellular space but also occurs within cells. Recent work indicates that complement activation regulates key metabolic pathways and thus can impact fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and autophagy. Newly identified functions of complement include a key role in shaping metabolic reprogramming, which underlies T cell effector differentiation, and a role as a nexus for interactions with other effector systems, in particular the inflammasome and Notch transcription-factor networks. This review focuses on the contributions of complement to basic processes of the cell, in particular the integration of complement with cellular metabolism and the potential implications in infection and other disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Reseaerch Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Arbore G, West EE, Spolski R, Robertson AAB, Klos A, Rheinheimer C, Dutow P, Woodruff TM, Yu ZX, O'Neill LA, Coll RC, Sher A, Leonard WJ, Köhl J, Monk P, Cooper MA, Arno M, Afzali B, Lachmann HJ, Cope AP, Mayer-Barber KD, Kemper C. T helper 1 immunity requires complement-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activity in CD4⁺ T cells. Science 2016; 352:aad1210. [PMID: 27313051 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome controls interleukin-1β maturation in antigen-presenting cells, but a direct role for NLRP3 in human adaptive immune cells has not been described. We found that the NLRP3 inflammasome assembles in human CD4(+) T cells and initiates caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1β secretion, thereby promoting interferon-γ production and T helper 1 (T(H)1) differentiation in an autocrine fashion. NLRP3 assembly requires intracellular C5 activation and stimulation of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1), which is negatively regulated by surface-expressed C5aR2. Aberrant NLRP3 activity in T cells affects inflammatory responses in human autoinflammatory disease and in mouse models of inflammation and infection. Our results demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome activity is not confined to "innate immune cells" but is an integral component of normal adaptive T(H)1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Arbore
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Rheinheimer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pavel Dutow
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zu Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca C Coll
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pete Monk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Arno
- Genomics Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Behdad Afzali
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- UK National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Zhang ZY, Wu YQ, Luo H, Liu DX. The effect of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in kidney I/R mediated by C5a/C5aR. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15535-15541. [PMID: 26629045 PMCID: PMC4658934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between NFAT and C5a/C5aR in C5a/C5aR-mediated kidney Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the rats' NRK-52E cell line was used in this study and was distributed into 4 groups, I: the normal control (NC), II: the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury cell model (MG), III: the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury cell model treated with C5a (50 nmol/l) (MG + C5a), IV: the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury cell model treated with C5aR antagonist (2.5 μmol/l) (MG + anti-C5aR). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed. Nuclear Factor Activated T Cell (NFAT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) were detected in this study. The results of immunofluorescence showed that NFAT had a nuclear translocation phenomenon during the study. The RT-PCR and WB data indicated that the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in group III were higher than any other groups. Apoptosis in group III was much serious than other groups. All the results in this study showed that NFAT plays an important role in ischemia/reperfusion injury, it can be induced to up-regulate the inflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-6 by the complement system member C5a/C5aR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Qian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Heng Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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28
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Zheng YY, Xie X, Ma YT, Yang YN, Fu ZY, Li XM, Pan S, Adi D, Chen BD, Liu F. Association of C5aR1genetic polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:33. [PMID: 25924896 PMCID: PMC4414445 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 5a receptor (C5aR) was demonstrated a receptor of complement 5a (C5a) which is involved in many inflammatory diseases. The functional responses attributed to C5a results from its interaction with its receptors C5aR, which stimulates food intake, plays a role in increasing the inflammatory response in adipose tissue as well as the cardiovascular and neural systems. However, There are unknown associations between the SNPs of C5aR1 gene and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We examined the role of the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5aR1 gene for CAD using a case–control design, and determined the prevalence of C5aR1 genotypes in 505 CAD patients and 469 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects of Han population. Results The rs10853784 was found to be associated with CAD in dominant model (CC vs TT + CT, P = 0.004). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.087 ~ 1.882, P = 0.011). There was no significant difference in genotype distributions of rs4577202 and rs7250152 between CAD patients and control subjects. The frequency of the haplotype (A-T-C) was significantly higher in the CAD patients than in the controls (P = 0.035), and the haplotype (A-C-T) was significantly lower in the CAD patients than in the control subjects in Chinese Han population (P = 0.002). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that rs10853784 of C5aR1 gene are associated with CAD in Han population of China, and A-C-T haplotypes may be protective genetic marker and the A-T-C may be risk genetic marker for CAD in Chinese Han population. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2054871241495194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Shuo Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Dilare Adi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
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Hirschfeld J. Dynamic interactions of neutrophils and biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:26102. [PMID: 25523872 PMCID: PMC4270880 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.26102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of microbial infections in humans are biofilm-associated and difficult to treat, as biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and protect themselves from external threats in various ways. Biofilms are tenaciously attached to surfaces and impede the ability of host defense molecules and cells to penetrate them. On the other hand, some biofilms are beneficial for the host and contain protective microorganisms. Microbes in biofilms express pathogen-associated molecular patterns and epitopes that can be recognized by innate immune cells and opsonins, leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes. Neutrophils are part of the first line of defense and have multiple antimicrobial strategies allowing them to attack pathogenic biofilms. OBJECTIVE/DESIGN In this paper, interaction modes of neutrophils with biofilms are reviewed. Antimicrobial strategies of neutrophils and the counteractions of the biofilm communities, with special attention to oral biofilms, are presented. Moreover, possible adverse effects of neutrophil activity and their biofilm-promoting side effects are discussed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Biofilms are partially, but not entirely, protected against neutrophil assault, which include the processes of phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. However, virulence factors of microorganisms, microbial composition, and properties of the extracellular matrix determine whether a biofilm and subsequent microbial spread can be controlled by neutrophils and other host defense factors. Besides, neutrophils may inadvertently contribute to the physical and ecological stability of biofilms by promoting selection of more resistant strains. Moreover, neutrophil enzymes can degrade collagen and other proteins and, as a result, cause harm to the host tissues. These parameters could be crucial factors in the onset of periodontal inflammation and the subsequent tissue breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Hirschfeld
- Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße, 17 D-53111 Bonn, Germany;
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Das D, Barnes MA, Nagy LE. Anaphylatoxin C5a modulates hepatic stellate cell migration. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:9. [PMID: 24917887 PMCID: PMC4050393 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C5a and its cognate receptor, C5a receptor (C5aR), key elements of complement, are critical modulators of liver immunity and fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism for the cross talk between complement and liver fibrosis is not well understood. C5a is a potent chemokine regulating migration of cells in the innate immune system. Since activation and migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are hallmarks of liver fibrosis, we hypothesized that C5a contributes to fibrosis by regulating HSC activation and/or migration. RESULTS Primary cultures of mouse HSC increased expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen 1A (Col1A1) mRNA in response to activation on plastic. Expression of mRNA for C5aR, but not C5L2, a second C5a receptor that acts as a negative regulator, increased in parallel with markers of HSC activation in culture. Increased expression of C5aR on activated HSC was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Cell surface expression of C5aR was also detected by flow cytometry on activated HSC isolated from mice expressing GFP under the control of the collagen promoter after exposure to chronic carbon tetrachloride. To understand the functional significance of C5aR expression in HSC, we next investigated whether C5a influenced HSC activation and/or migration. Challenge of HSC with C5a during culture had no effect on expression of α-SMA and Col1A1, suggesting that C5a did not influence HSC activation. Another important characteristic of HSC is their migratory capacity; migration of HSC in response to platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been well characterized. Challenge of HSC with C5a enhanced HSC migration almost as efficiently as PDGF in a two-dimensional wound healing and Boyden chamber migration assays. C5a also stimulated expression of MCP-1. C5a-induced cell migration was slowed, but not completely inhibited, in presence of 227016, a MCP-1 receptor antagonist, suggesting C5a-induced migration occurs via both MCP-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that C5a regulates migration of HSC and suggest a novel mechanism by which complement contributes to hepatic fibrosis. C5a and its receptors are therefore potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dola Das
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Barnes
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Department of Gastroenterology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptor proteins that allow the transfer of signals across the cell membrane. In addition to their physiological role, GPCRs are involved in many pathophysiological processes including pathways relevant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and psoriatic arthritis. Two-thirds of all currently available drugs target GPCRs directly or indirectly. However, the detailed mechanism of GPCR signalling is still unclear. Selective modification of GPCR-dependent signalling cascades to inhibit disease progression in rheumatic diseases is now being investigated. One approach is to use antibodies against ligands activating GPCRs. However, several GPCRs are known to be activated by only one ligand. In this case, targeting the receptor itself is a promising approach. So far, more information is available on GPCR action in RA as compared with OA, and even less information is available for other rheumatic diseases. Additional research on the role of GPCRs involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatic diseases is required to develop specific therapeutic approaches.
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Tong HH, Lambert G, Li YX, Thurman JM, Stahl GL, Douthitt K, Clancy C, He Y, Bowman AS. Deletion of the complement C5a receptor alleviates the severity of acute pneumococcal otitis media following influenza A virus infection in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95160. [PMID: 24740152 PMCID: PMC3989264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that influenza A virus (IAV) promotes adherence, colonization, and superinfection by S. pneumoniae (Spn) and contributes to the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM). The complement system is a critical innate immune defense against both pathogens. To assess the role of the complement system in the host defense and the pathogenesis of acute pneumococcal OM following IAV infection, we employed a well-established transtympanically-induced mouse model of acute pneumococcal OM. We found that antecedent IAV infection enhanced the severity of acute pneumococcal OM. Mice deficient in complement C1qa (C1qa−/−) or factor B (Bf −/−) exhibited delayed viral and bacterial clearance from the middle ear and developed significant mucosal damage in the eustachian tube and middle ear. This indicates that both the classical and alternative complement pathways are critical for the oto-immune defense against acute pneumococcal OM following influenza infection. We also found that Spn increased complement activation following IAV infection. This was characterized by sustained increased levels of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in serum and middle ear lavage samples. In contrast, mice deficient in the complement C5a receptor (C5aR) demonstrated enhanced bacterial clearance and reduced severity of OM. Our data support the concept that C5a-C5aR interactions play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute pneumococcal OM following IAV infection. It is possible that targeting the C5a-C5aR axis might prove useful in attenuating acute pneumococcal OM in patients with influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hua Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Garrett Lambert
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yong Xing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gregory L Stahl
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Douthitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Clancy
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yujuan He
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Andrew S Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Association of immune and metabolic receptors C5aR and C5L2 with adiposity in women. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:413921. [PMID: 24523571 PMCID: PMC3913464 DOI: 10.1155/2014/413921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue receptors C5aR and C5L2 and their heterodimerization/functionality and interaction with ligands C5a and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have been evaluated in cell and rodent studies. Their contribution to obesity factors in humans remains unclear. We hypothesized that C5a receptors, classically required for host defense, are also associated with adiposity. Anthropometry and fasting blood parameters were measured in 136 women divided by body mass index (BMI): normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m(2); n = 34), obese I (≤45 kg/m(2); n = 33), obese II (≤51 kg/m(2); n = 33), and obese III (≤80 kg/m(2); n = 36). Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue C5aR and C5L2 expression were analysed. C5L2 expression was comparable between subcutaneous and omental across all BMI groups. Plasma ASP and ASP/omental C5L2 expression increased with BMI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, resp.). While plasma C5a was unchanged, C5aR expression decreased with increasing BMI in subcutaneous and omental tissues (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, resp.), with subcutaneous omental depots. Omental C5L2/C5aR ratio increased with BMI (P < 0.01) with correlations between C5L2/C5aR and waist circumference, HDL-C, and adiponectin. Tissue and BMI differences in receptors and ligands, particularly in omental, suggest relationship to metabolic disturbances and highlight adipose-immune interactions.
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Kalbasi Anaraki P, Patecki M, Larmann J, Tkachuk S, Jurk K, Haller H, Theilmeier G, Dumler I. Urokinase receptor mediates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and vascular calcification via the complement C5a receptor. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:352-62. [PMID: 24192237 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a severe consequence of several pathological processes with a lack of effective therapy. Recent studies suggest that circulating and resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) contribute to the osteogenic program of vascular calcification. Molecular mechanisms underlying MSC osteogenic potential and differentiation remain, however, sparsely explored. We investigated a role for the complement receptor C5aR in these processes. We found that expression of C5aR was upregulated upon differentiation of human MSC to osteoblasts. C5aR inhibition by silencing and specific antagonist impaired osteogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that C5aR expression upon MSC differentiation was regulated by the multifunctional urokinase receptor (uPAR). uPAR targeting by siRNA resulted in complete abrogation of C5aR expression and consequently in the inhibition of MSC-osteoblast differentiation. We elucidated the NFκB pathway as the mechanism utilized by the uPAR-C5aR axis. MSC treatment with the NFκB inhibitor completely blocked the differentiation process. Nuclear translocation of the p65 RelA component of the NFκB complex was induced under osteogenic conditions and impaired by the inhibition of uPAR or C5aR. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated enhanced NFκB signaling upon MSC differentiation, whereas uPAR and C5aR downregulation lead to inhibition of the NFκB activity. We show involvement of the Erk1/2 kinase in this cascade. In vivo studies in a uPAR/LDLR double knockout mouse model of diet-induced atherosclerosis revealed impaired C5aR expression and calcification in aortic sinus plaques in uPAR(-/-)/LDLR(-/-) versus uPAR(+/+)/LDLR(-/-) control animals. These results suggest that uPAR-C5aR axis via the underlying NFκB transcriptional program controls osteogenic differentiation with functional impact on vascular calcification in vivo.
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Read RW, Vogt SD, Barnum SR. The complement anaphylatoxin receptors are not required for the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 264:127-9. [PMID: 24035596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine if complement anaphylatoxin-mediated inflammation contributes to the development and progression of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we induced disease in wild type and complement anaphylatoxin receptor-deficient mice (C3a receptor(-/-), C5a receptor(-/-) and C3aR(-/-)/C5aR(-/-)) and evaluated the eyes three weeks post-induction. No differences in disease severity or in disease incidence were seen between wild type controls and anaphylatoxin receptor-deficient mice. Our data indicate that C3a and C5a-mediated functions are not critical to the development of EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W Read
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1150, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1150, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1150, USA.
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Li Y, Chavko M, Slack JL, Liu B, McCarron RM, Ross JD, Dalle Lucca JJ. Protective effects of decay-accelerating factor on blast-induced neurotrauma in rats. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:52. [PMID: 24252631 PMCID: PMC3893442 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is the signature life threatening injury of current military casualties. Neuroinflammation is a key pathological occurrence of secondary injury contributing to brain damage after blast injury. We have recently demonstrated that blast-triggered complement activation and cytokine release are associated with BINT. Here, we evaluated if administration of the complement inhibitor recombinant human decay-accelerating factor (rhDAF) is beneficial on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a rat model of moderate BINT. Administration of rhDAF after exposure to moderate blast overpressure (BOP, 120 kPa) mitigated brain injury characterized by neuronal degeneration. rhDAF treatment reduced complement hemolytic activity at 3 hours and tissue complement deposition at 3, 24, and 48 hours as well as systemic and local cytokine release at 24 hours post BOP. Furthermore, rhDAF protected blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and reduced cytotoxic edema. Interaction between complement cleavage component, C3a and C3a receptor and tau phosphorylation were also attenuated in rhDAF treated animals at 3 and 24 hours after BOP. These novel findings suggest early complement targeted inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy to decrease neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after blast TBI. RESULT Administration of rhDAF after exposure to moderate blast overpressure (BOP, 120 kPa) mitigated brain injury characterized by neuronal degeneration. rhDAF treatment reduced complement hemolytic activity at 3 hours and tissue complement deposition at 3, 24, and 48 hours as well as systemic and local cytokine release at 24 hours post BOP. Furthermore, rhDAF protected blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and reduced cytotoxic edema. Interaction between complement cleavage component, C3a and C3a receptor and tau phosphorylation were also attenuated in rhDAF treated animals at 3 and 24 hours after BOP. CONCLUSION These novel findings suggest early complement targeted inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy to decrease neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after blast TBI.
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