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Navarrete-Reyes AP, Mateos-Soria AS, Sánchez-Hernández JJ, Negrete-Najar JP. Frailty and Cancer Prognosis. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01558-x. [PMID: 38865004 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the prognostic role of frailty in older patients diagnosed with cancer and to explore the evidence regarding its prognostic implications in cancer survivors. RECENT FINDINGS Frailty has been consistently associated with mortality/overall survival, postoperative complications, short- and long-term postoperative mortality, length of stay, among other adverse health-related outcomes in several oncological contexts. The possible association between frailty and treatment toxicity has been less explored, however most studies suggest frailty is a predictor of treatment induced toxicity. In addition, in cancer survivors, frailty is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, incident type 2 diabetes mellitus, mortality, altered cognitive performance and increased symptom severity. Due to its usefulness in establishing prognosis and informing treatment decision making, it is expected that frailty screening and assessment will continue to gain popularity as part of the pretreatment evaluation of older patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Navarrete-Reyes
- Geriatric Medicine Department, Geriatric Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Abigail Samayoa Mateos-Soria
- Geriatric Medicine Department, Geriatric Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan José Sánchez-Hernández
- Geriatric Medicine Department, Geriatric Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Negrete-Najar
- Geriatric Medicine Service, Hospital General de Zona No. 35, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
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Hu J, Lan J, Xu G. Role of frailty in predicting prognosis of older patients with lung cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Geriatr Oncol 2024:101804. [PMID: 38824058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2024.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty is a syndrome affecting primarily older adults that can impact disease course, treatment, and outcomes in patients with lung cancer (LC). We systematically reviewed current data on the correlation between frailty and overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the risk of complications in older patients with LC. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched for observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies involving participants aged 18 years or older diagnosed with LC. Eligible studies were required to perform frailty assessments and have non-frail participants as a comparator group. Random-effects models were used for analysis, and the reported effect sizes were represented as hazards ratio (HR) or odds ratios (OR) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Seventeen studies were included, most with a retrospective cohort design (n = 16) and patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Older patients with LC and frailty had lower OS (HR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.07) and RFS (HR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.02, 6.12), compared to non-frail subjects. Frail subjects also had increased risk of complications (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.53). DISCUSSION The observed association between frailty and OS, RFS, and an increased susceptibility to complications emphasizes the potential significance of frailty status as a substantial prognostic indicator. Our results underscore the vital role of including frailty assessment as an integral element within the management plan for patients dealing with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanping Hu
- Department of Gerontology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Lan
- Department of Medicine, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Guangxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu T, Peng X, Geng Y, Song C, Zhou Z, Huang Y. Frailty and prognosis in lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 14:121-131. [PMID: 38050057 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours. Patients are frequently at risk of frailty as lung cancer progresses. The meta-analysis aims to explore the impact of frailty on the long-term prognosis and the incidence of short-term chemotherapy toxicity in patients with lung cancer. This study was designed adhered to the criteria of Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Systematic searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies until December 2022. The outcome measures were overall survival, progression-free survival, chemotherapy toxicity and all-cause mortality. We then performed sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses and evidence quality. This meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.4 software. Of the included studies, six were retrospective and five were prospective. There was a statistically significant difference between the frail and non-frail groups in overall survival (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.15, p=0.008), all-cause mortality (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.65, p=0.05) and chemotherapy toxicity (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.99 to 7.00, p<0.0001). We conducted a sensitivity analysis, and the result was stable. The study revealed frail group had shorter survival and experienced more severe adverse effects than the non-frail group. Frailty affects the long-term prognosis and the incidence of short-term chemotherapy toxicity of patients with lung cancer. Consequently, medical professionals should focus on frailty screening in patients with lung cancer and implement active intervention measures. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023398606.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Iacobescu R, Antoniu SA, Popa AD, Pavel-Tanase M, Stratulat TA. Preoperative frailty screening in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer surgery: an essential step for a good surgical outcome. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:99-110. [PMID: 38690646 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2349579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease commonly diagnosed in the elderly, often in advanced stages. However, elderly patients with lung cancer can benefit from surgery, provided that postoperative risks are assessed appropriately before surgery. Frailty is a measure of age-related impaired functional status and a predictor of mortality and morbidity. However, its importance as a preoperative marker is not well defined. AREAS COVERED This systematic review discusses the importance of preoperative frailty screening in elderly patients with NSCLC. A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database in June 2023, and relevant studies on frailty or preoperative assessment of NSCLC which were published between 2000 and 2023 were retained and discussed in this review. EXPERT OPINION Among the types of existing methods used to assess frailty those on the geriatric assessment seem to be the most appropriate; however, they are unable to fully capture the 'surgical' frailty; thus, other instruments should be developed and validated in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Iacobescu
- Medicine II, Nursing/Palliative Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Antonela Antoniu
- Medicine II, Nursing/Palliative Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Delia Popa
- Medicine II, Nursing/Palliative Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pavel-Tanase
- Medicine II, Nursing/Palliative Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodora Alexa Stratulat
- Medicine II, Nursing/Palliative Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
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Cay G, Sada YH, Dehghan Rouzi M, Uddin Atique MM, Rodriguez N, Azarian M, Finco MG, Yellapragada S, Najafi B. Harnessing physical activity monitoring and digital biomarkers of frailty from pendant based wearables to predict chemotherapy resilience in veterans with cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2612. [PMID: 38297103 PMCID: PMC10831115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of pendant-based wearables for monitoring digital biomarkers of frailty in predicting chemotherapy resilience among 27 veteran cancer patients (average age: 64.6 ± 13.4 years), undergoing bi-weekly chemotherapy. Immediately following their first day of chemotherapy cycle, participants wore a water-resistant pendant sensor for 14 days. This device tracked frailty markers like cadence (slowness), daily steps (inactivity), postural transitions (weakness), and metrics such as longest walk duration and energy expenditure (exhaustion). Participants were divided into resilient and non-resilient groups based on adverse events within 6 months post-chemotherapy, including dose reduction, treatment discontinuation, unplanned hospitalization, or death. A Chemotherapy-Resilience-Index (CRI) ranging from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate poorer resilience, was developed using regression analysis. It combined physical activity data with baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) assessments. The protocol showed a 97% feasibility rate, with sensor metrics effectively differentiating between groups as early as day 6 post-therapy. The CRI, calculated using data up to day 6 and baseline ECOG, significantly distinguished resilient (CRI = 0.2 ± 0.27) from non-resilient (CRI = 0.7 ± 0.26) groups (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.67). This confirms the potential of remote monitoring systems in tracking post-chemotherapy functional capacity changes and aiding early non-resilience detection, subject to validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Cay
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yvonne H Sada
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mohammad Dehghan Rouzi
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Moin Uddin Atique
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naima Rodriguez
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Azarian
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M G Finco
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarvari Yellapragada
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Digital Health and Access Center (DiHAC), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Li H, Lei Y, Li G, Huang Y. Identification of tumor-suppressor genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analyses. Oncol Res 2023; 32:187-197. [PMID: 38188687 PMCID: PMC10767242 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy, and fatalities of the disease exceed 400,000 cases worldwide. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has been recognized as the most common pathological form of lung cancer. The comprehensive understanding of molecular features related to LUSC progression has great significance in LUSC prognosis assessment and clinical management. In this study, we aim to identify a panel of signature genes closely associated with LUSC, which can provide novel insights into the progression of LUSC. Gene expression profiles were retrieved from public resources including gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUSC specimens and normal lung tissues were identified by bioinformatics analyses. A total of 66 DEGs were identified based on two cohorts of data. CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software was utilized for the further analyses of the top 10 candidate hub genes including OGN, ABI3BP, MAMDC2, FGF7, FAM107A, SPARCL1, DCN, COL14A1, and MFAP4 and CHRDL1, which showed significant downregulation in LUSC. Two LUSC cell lines were used to validate the functions of CHRDL1 and FAM107A through overexpression experiment. Together, our data revealed novel candidate tumor-suppressor genes in LUSC, suggesting previously unappreciated mechanisms in the progression of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- The 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Youming Lei
- Department of Geriatric Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- The 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- The 1st Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, 650118, China
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Fletcher JA, Logan B, Reid N, Gordon EH, Ladwa R, Hubbard RE. How frail is frail in oncology studies? A scoping review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:498. [PMID: 37268891 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The frailty index (FI) is one way in which frailty can be quantified. While it is measured as a continuous variable, various cut-off points have been used to categorise older adults as frail or non-frail, and these have largely been validated in the acute care or community settings for older adults without cancer. This review aimed to explore which FI categories have been applied to older adults with cancer and to determine why these categories were selected by study authors. METHODS This scoping review searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases for studies which measured and categorised an FI in adults with cancer. Of the 1994 screened, 41 were eligible for inclusion. Data including oncological setting, FI categories, and the references or rationale for categorisation were extracted and analysed. RESULTS The FI score used to categorise participants as frail ranged from 0.06 to 0.35, with 0.35 being the most frequently used, followed by 0.25 and 0.20. The rationale for FI categories was provided in most studies but was not always relevant. Three of the included studies using an FI > 0.35 to define frailty were frequently referenced as the rationale for subsequent studies, however, the original rationale for this categorisation was unclear. Few studies sought to determine or validate optimum FI categorises in this population. CONCLUSION There is significant variability in how studies have categorised the FI in older adults with cancer. An FI ≥ 0.35 to categorise frailty was used most frequently, however an FI in this range has often represented at least moderate to severe frailty in other highly-cited studies. These findings contrast with a scoping review of highly-cited studies categorising FI in older adults without cancer, where an FI ≥ 0.25 was most common. Maintaining the FI as a continuous variable is likely to be beneficial until further validation studies determine optimum FI categories in this population. Differences in how the FI has been categorised, and indeed how older adults have been labelled as 'frail', limits our ability to synthesise results and to understand the impact of frailty in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fletcher
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Benignus Logan
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Natasha Reid
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Emily H Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Ruth E Hubbard
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Zhao H, Tu J, She Q, Li M, Wang K, Zhao W, Huang P, Chen B, Wu J. Prognostic significance of frailty in hospitalized elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:308. [PMID: 37198576 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of illnesses. However, its prognostic implications for older patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are not adequately addressed. METHODS In this study, patients were classified into 3 groups according to the frailty index based on standard laboratory tests (FI-Lab) score: robust (FI-Lab < 0.2), pre-frail (FI-Lab 0.2-0.35), and frail (FI-Lab ≥ 0.35). The relationships between frailty and all-cause mortality and short-term clinical outcomes (length of stay, duration of antibiotic therapy, in-hospital mortality) were examined. RESULTS Finally, 1164 patients were included, the median age was 75 years (interquartile range: 69, 82), and 438 patients (37.6%) were women. According to FI-Lab, 261(22.4%), 395(33.9%), and 508(43.6%) were robust, pre-frail, and frail. After adjustment for confounding variables, frailty was independently associated with prolonged antibiotic treatment (p = 0.037); pre-frailty and frailty were independently associated with longer inpatient days (p < 0.05 for both). The risk of in-hospital mortality was independently increased in frail patients (HR = 5.01, 95% CI = 1.51-16.57, p = 0.008) but not pre-frail patients (HR = 2.87, 95% CI = 0.86-9.63, p = 0.088) compared to robust patients. During a median follow-up of 33.9 months (interquartile range: 32.8 to 35.1 months), 408 (35.1%) patients died, of whom 29 (7.1%) were robust, 112 (27.5%) were pre-frail, and 267 (65.9%) were frail. Compared to robust patients, frail and pre-frail were significantly associated with increased risk for all-cause death (HR = 4.29, 95%CI: 1.78-10.35 and HR = 2.42 95%CI: 1.01-5.82, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Frailty is common among older patients with CAP and is strongly associated with increased mortality, longer length of stay, and duration of antibiotics. A routine frail assessment at the admission of elderly patients with CAP is necessary as the first step for appropriate multidisciplinary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical Unversity, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Junlan Tu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Quan She
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Jiangsu, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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Agh F, Mousavi SH, Aryaeian N, Amiri F, Jalilvand MR, Janani L, Hasani M, Sepahvand F, Zamani-Garmsiri F. Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Hemogram Derived Inflammatory Indices in Normal and High-Fat Diet Fed Male Wistar Rats. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 37351039 PMCID: PMC10284218 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_505_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological inflammatory indices are currently suggested to assess systemic inflammation. This study aims to investigate a vitamin D supplementation effect on hematological indices of inflammation in rats. Method Forty-eight middle-aged male rats were allocated into a normal diet (ND) group (10% fat) and a high-fat diet (HFD) group (60% fat). The animals were fed for 26 weeks. After this period, each group was randomly divided into three subgroups, each of 8 rats: Group (1): animals were fed the ND and HFD containing 1 IU/g vitamin D for 4 months, group (2): animals were fed the ND and HFD containing 6 IU/g vitamin D for 4 months and group (3): animals were euthanized to evaluate the HFD effect. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, white blood cell count (WBCs), platelet count, platelet crit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were measured. Results The HFD, significantly increased body weight, PCT, PDW, PLR, NLR, and MLR and significantly reduced serum vitamin D levels compared to the ND (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in food intake, MPV, PDW, and NLR after vitamin D supplementation in the ND-fed group (P < 0.05). A significant reduction in platelet count, PCT, and MLR was observed after vitamin D supplementation in HFD-fed rats (P < 0.05). Conclusions In our study, some hemogram-derived inflammatory indices were higher in the HFD-fed group, and vitamin D supplementation lowering effects on some hematological indices were seen in both ND and HFD groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Agh
- Department of Nutritions, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H. Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutritions, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutritions, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Jalilvand
- Natural products and medicinal plants research center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatsitics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sepahvand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sahyon HA, El-Shafai NM, Elnajjar N, Althobaiti F, Aldhahrani A, Alharbi NS, Shoair AGF, El-Mehasseb IM. Avocado peel extract loaded on chitosan nanoparticles alleviates urethane toxicity that causes lung cancer in a mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123633. [PMID: 36791938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer progresses without obvious symptoms and is detected in most patients at late stages, causing a high rate of mortality. Avocado peels (AVP) were thought to be biowaste, but they have antioxidant and anticancer properties in vitro. Chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) were loaded with various plant extracts, increasing their in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. Our goal was to load AVP onto Cs-NPs and determine the role of AVP-extract or AVP-loaded Cs-NPs in controlling the progression of lung cancer caused by urethane toxicity. The AVP-loaded chitosan nano-combination (Cs@AVP NC) was synthesized and characterized. Our in vitro results show that Cs@AVP NC has higher anticancer activity than AVP against three human cancer cell lines. The in vivo study proved the activation of apoptosis in lung cancer cells with the Cs@AVP NC oral treatment more than the AVP treatment. Additionally, Cs@AVP NC-treated animals showed significantly higher p53 and Bax-expression levels and lower NF-κB p65 levels in their lung tissues than in positive control animals. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the superior anticancer potency of Cs@AVP NC over AVP extract and its ability to inhibit lung cancer proliferation. Therefore, oral consumption of Cs@AVP NC might be a promising treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Sahyon
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Nagi M El-Shafai
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
| | - Noha Elnajjar
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadaa S Alharbi
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdel Ghany F Shoair
- Department of Science and Technology, University College - Ranyah, Taif University, Saudi Arabia; High Altitude Research Center, Prince Sultan Medical Complex, Taif University, Al-Hawiyah, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Mehasseb
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
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11
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Ji Y, Luan S, Yang X, Yin B, Jin X, Wang H, Jiang W. Efficacy of bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients underwent conventional chemoradiotherapy. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230640. [PMID: 37025426 PMCID: PMC10071812 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchoscopy has been widely used for the therapy of lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A total of 40 LSCC patients who underwent conventional chemoradiotherapy were included in this study, and 20 of them received a bronchoscopic injection of endostar and cisplatin as an additive therapeutic modality (treatment group). The clinical response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse reactions of the patients were compared and analyzed. The treatment group had better short- and long-term therapeutic efficacy compared to the control group, but no significant differences were observed between the two therapeutic regimens in adverse reactions. Elderly and advanced LSCC patients had worse therapeutic efficacy and a high probability of adverse reactions after the therapy. Collectively, our analysis data demonstrated that the bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin had improved therapeutic efficacy, and the cardiovascular adverse reactions were within the controllable range in the treatment of LSCC in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Ji
- Otorhinolaryngological Department, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
| | - Shuli Luan
- Department of Geriatrics, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Pneumology Department, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Pneumology Department, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Pneumology Department, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Pneumology Department, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Pneumology Department, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, No. 4 Renmin Road, Qingdao266033, Shandong, China
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12
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Hakeem FF, Maharani A, Todd C, O'Neill TW. Development, validation and performance of laboratory frailty indices: A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 111:104995. [PMID: 36963345 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty is a syndrome characterised by decline in functional ability and increasing vulnerability to disease and associated with adverse outcomes. Several established methods exist for assessing frailty. This scoping review aims to characterise the development and validation of frailty indices based on laboratory test results (FI-Lab) and to assess their utility. METHODS Studies were included in the review if they included data concerning the development and/or testing an FI-Lab using the deficit accumulation method. Studies were identified using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Elsevier), OpenGrey and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2021. Two reviewers independently screened all abstracts, and those that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in detail. Data extracted included details about the study characteristics, number, type and coding of laboratory variables included, validation, and outcomes. A narrative synthesis of the available evidence was adopted. RESULTS The search yielded 915 articles, of which 29 studies were included. In general, 89% of studies were conducted after 2016 and 51% in a hospital-based setting. The number of variables included in FI-Labs ranged from 13 to 77, and 51% included some non-laboratory variables in their indices, with pulse and blood pressure being the most frequent. The validity of FI-Lab was demonstrated through change with age, correlation with established frailty indices and association with adverse health outcomes. The most frequent outcome studied was mortality (79% of the studies), with FI-Lab associated with increased mortality in all but one. Other outcomes studied included self-reported health, institutionalisation, and activities of daily living. The effect of combining the FI-Lab with a non-laboratory-based FI was assessed in 7 studies with a marginal increase in predictive ability. CONCLUSION Frailty indices constructed based on the assessment of laboratory variables, appear to be a valid measure of frailty and robust to the choice of variables included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Hakeem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Asri Maharani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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13
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Almatrafi A, Thomas O, Callister M, Gabe R, Beeken RJ, Neal R. The prevalence of comorbidity in the lung cancer screening population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Screen 2023; 30:3-13. [PMID: 35942779 PMCID: PMC9925896 DOI: 10.1177/09691413221117685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidity is associated with adverse outcomes for all lung cancer patients, but its burden is less understood in the context of screening. This review synthesises the prevalence of comorbidities among lung cancer screening (LCS) candidates and summarises the clinical recommendations for screening comorbid individuals. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL databases from January 1990 to February 2021. We included LCS studies that reported a prevalence of comorbidity, as a prevalence of a particular condition, or as a summary score. We also summarised LCS clinical guidelines that addressed comorbidity or frailty for LCS as a secondary objective for this review. Meta-analysis was used with inverse-variance weights obtained from a random-effects model to estimate the prevalence of selected comorbidities. RESULTS We included 69 studies in the review; seven reported comorbidity summary scores, two reported performance status, 48 reported individual comorbidities, and 12 were clinical guideline papers. The meta-analysis of individual comorbidities resulted in an estimated prevalence of 35.2% for hypertension, 23.5% for history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (10.7% for severe COPD), 16.6% for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 13.1% for peripheral vascular disease (PVD), 12.9% for asthma, 12.5% for diabetes, 4.5% for bronchiectasis, 2.2% for stroke, and 0.5% for pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Comorbidities were highly prevalent in LCS populations and likely to be more prevalent than in other cancer screening programmes. Further research on the burden of comorbid disease and its impact on screening uptake and outcomes is needed. Identifying individuals with frailty and comorbidities who might not benefit from screening should become a priority in LCS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Almatrafi
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Department of Epidemiology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,Anas Almatrafi, Leeds Institute of Health
Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK.
| | - Owen Thomas
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Callister
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds
Teaching Hospitals, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Rhian Gabe
- Center for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population
Health, Queen Mary University of
London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Department of Behavioural Science and
Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Neal
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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14
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Prognostic significance of frailty status in patients with primary lung cancer. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36698160 PMCID: PMC9878966 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world. Frailty is common in many countries and is a major cause of premature functional decline and premature death in older adults, and may affect the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer patients. To investigate the predictive value of frailty at diagnosis on all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients, this study retrospectively collected and analysed clinical information on lung cancer patients from 2015-2018. A total of 1667 patients with primary lung cancer were finally included in this study. The median follow-up time of patients was 650 (493, 1001.5) days. A total of 297(17.8%) patients had FI-LAB(the frailty index based on laboratory test) status of frail at the moment of diagnosis and the all-cause mortality rate for all patients was 61.1% (1018/1667). In a univariate model, we found a higher total all-cause mortality risk in frail patients (frail vs. robust, HR(hazard ratio) = 1.616, 95% CI(confidence interval) = 1.349,1.936), after balancing other variables combined into model 1 to model 6. The results were analyzed visually using ROC(Receiver operating characteristic) curves with nomogram and the AUC values ranged from 0.866-0.874. The final inclusion of age, TNM stage, CCI(Charlson comorbidity index) score, surgery history and chemotherapy into a multifactorial model balanced the predictive power of frailty grading on all-cause mortality. The study showed that for lung cancer patients, the higher the level of frailty at diagnosis, the higher the risk of all-cause mortality. In the context of widespread electronic medical records in hospitals, it is convenient and feasible to use FI-LAB to assess the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
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15
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Sapp DG, Cormier BM, Rockwood K, Howlett SE, Heinze SS. The frailty index based on laboratory test data as a tool to investigate the impact of frailty on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afac309. [PMID: 36626319 PMCID: PMC9831271 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The frailty index (FI) quantifies frailty as deficit accumulation. It has been adapted to employ laboratory test data (FI-Lab). Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyse the FI-Lab's ability to predict mortality. Secondary objectives were to review the FI-Lab's association with adverse health outcomes and whether FI-Lab scores differed between the sexes. A systematic literature search was carried out using six online databases to identify studies that measured the FI-Lab in humans. Hazard ratios (HRs) were combined in a meta-analysis to create a pooled risk estimate for mortality. Of the 1,201 papers identified, spanning January 2010 until 11 July 2022, 38 were included. FI-Lab scores per 0.01 unit increase predicted mortality overall (HR = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.05) and for studies with a mean age of 81+ years (HR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.03-1.05). The quality of evidence for these meta-analyses are moderate and high, respectively. Further, higher FI-Lab scores were associated with more frequent adverse health outcomes. Sex differences in FI-Lab scores varied, with no consistent indication of a sex effect. The FI-Lab is associated with mortality and with a variety of adverse health outcomes. No consistent sex differences in FI-Lab scores were observed, with several studies in disagreement. Notably, these conclusions were most relevant to older (65+ years old) individuals; further evidence in younger people is needed in both clinical and population representative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Sapp
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brianna M Cormier
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stefan S Heinze
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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16
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Unsupervised learning of aging principles from longitudinal data. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6529. [PMID: 36319638 PMCID: PMC9626636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the leading risk factor for prevalent diseases and death. However, the relation between age-related physiological changes and lifespan is poorly understood. We combined analytical and machine learning tools to describe the aging process in large sets of longitudinal measurements. Assuming that aging results from a dynamic instability of the organism state, we designed a deep artificial neural network, including auto-encoder and auto-regression (AR) components. The AR model tied the dynamics of physiological state with the stochastic evolution of a single variable, the "dynamic frailty indicator" (dFI). In a subset of blood tests from the Mouse Phenome Database, dFI increased exponentially and predicted the remaining lifespan. The observation of the limiting dFI was consistent with the late-life mortality deceleration. dFI changed along with hallmarks of aging, including frailty index, molecular markers of inflammation, senescent cell accumulation, and responded to life-shortening (high-fat diet) and life-extending (rapamycin) treatments.
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17
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Duan L, Cui H, Zhang W, Wu S. Symptoms and experiences of frailty in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy: A mixed-method approach. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1019006. [PMID: 36276107 PMCID: PMC9582838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the symptoms and experiences of frailty in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods Quantitative and qualitative research methods were implemented. A total of 302 patients aged > 18 years were recruited by convenience sampling method. Quantitative data were collected through the General Demographic Characteristics questionnaire, the Frailty Phenotype scale, the Cancer Fatigue Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Fourteen patients with a score of Frailty Phenotype scale ≥ 3 were drawn and their interviews were thematically analyzed. Results The mean Frailty Phenotype score was (1.63±1.35), suggesting that most of the patients were in pre-frailty conditions. A total of 64 (21.2%) patients were non-frail, 168 (55.6%) patients were pre-frail, 70 (23.2%) patients were frail. The mean CFS, HADS scores, and PSQI scores were (26.86±8.93), (15.42±9.73), and (6.18±4.39), respectively. The Number of chemotherapy times was positively associated with frailty. Anxiety fatigue, depression and poor sleep quality positively correlated with frailty. The qualitative research showed four themes. Theme 1: the most reported symptoms of frailty were physical symptoms and psychological symptoms. Physical symptoms included fatigue, low physical activity, weight loss and poor sleep quality. Psychological symptoms included anxiety, depression and low social activities. Theme 2: frailty was mainly related to lung cancer and chemotherapeutic drugs, which can cause decreased appetite, constipation and altered taste. Theme 3: patients used bad coping strategies to manage the symptoms of frailty. Theme 4: the social support of patients was weak, especially regarding emotional support. Conclusion The most frequent symptoms reported by lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy were anxiety, fatigue, depression, low physical activity and poor sleep quality. Patients also complained of bad coping strategies and weak support. Medical staff should strengthen the management of frailty, aiming at improving the quality of life in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Duan
- College of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huixia Cui
- College of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huixia Cui,
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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18
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Komici K, Bencivenga L, Navani N, D'Agnano V, Guerra G, Bianco A, Rengo G, Perrotta F. Frailty in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest 2022; 162:485-497. [PMID: 35217002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies regarding the prevalence of frailty in patients with lung cancer and mortality in frail patients with lung cancer are inconsistent and require clarification. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the prevalence and impact of frailty in patients with lung cancer? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis used a combination of free-text terms and medical subject headings terms, according to the database requirements in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from inception until November 15, 2020. RESULTS A total of 2,571 articles were identified, and 16 articles involving 4,183 patients were included for study. The prevalence of frailty in lung cancer was 45% (95% CI, 28-61; I2 = 99.5%; P < .0001). In patients with lung cancer, frailty was associated with an increased hazard ratio for mortality (hazard ratio, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.77-5.10; P < .001). INTERPRETATION The prevalence of frailty in lung cancer is 45%, which has a significant negative impact on survival of patients with lung cancer. These results highlight the importance of measuring frailty, which provides important prognostic information, and may provide opportunities for interventions to improve outcomes in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Neal Navani
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, England; Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, England
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri-S.p.A.-Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- U.O.C. Pneumology A.O.R.N. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
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19
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Huang S, Wang Y, Chen L, Chen X. Use of a frailty index based upon routine laboratory data to predict complication and mortality in older community-acquired pneumonia patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 101:104692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Zhang T, Lu J, Fan Y, Wang L. Evidence-based nursing intervention can improve the treatment compliance, quality of life and self-efficacy of patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:396-405. [PMID: 35173858 PMCID: PMC8829589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effect of evidence-based nursing intervention on treatment compliance, quality of life and self-efficacy of patients with lung carcinoma (LC) undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. METHODS From May 2018 to August 2019, 183 patients with LC who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups in accordance with different nursing methods. Among them, 85 patients who received routine nursing intervention were included in the control group (CG), and 98 patients who received evidence-based nursing intervention were included in the research group (RG). The improvement of pulmonary function indexes [(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)] was observed before and after nursing. The pain degree was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS). The treatment compliance between groups was compared. The psychological emotions of the patients were evaluated by a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and a self-rating depression scale (SDS). The General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) was applied to assess the self-efficacy and the Quality of Life (SF-36) scale was applied to evaluate the quality of life. The incidence of secondary infection was observed in the two groups. The nursing satisfaction was evaluated by a nursing satisfaction questionnaire made by our hospital. RESULTS After nursing, the improvement of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC levels in the RG were obviously better than that in the CG; The scores of VAS, SAS and SDS and total incidence of secondary infection in the RG were obviously lower than those in the CG; The treatment compliance, GSES and SF-36 scores, and nursing satisfaction scores of patients in the RG were obviously higher than that in the CG. CONCLUSION Evidence-based nursing intervention can improve treatment compliance, lung function, self-efficacy and quality of life for patients with LC undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central HospitalTangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jierong Lu
- Outpatient Department of Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yanmei Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 71000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central HospitalTangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
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21
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Frailty assessment using routine clinical data: An integrative review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 99:104612. [PMID: 34986459 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a common but complex problem in older adults. Frailty assessment using routine clinical data has been suggested as a pragmatic approach based on electronic health records from primary care center or hospital settings. PURPOSE We aimed to explore the tools and outcome variables used in the published studies on frailty assessment using routine clinical data. METHODS An integrative literature review was conducted using the method of Whittemore and Knafl. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from January 2010 to October 2021. RESULTS A total of 45 studies and thirteen frailty assessment tools were analyzed. The assessment items were generally biased toward frailty's risk factors rather than the mechanisms or phenotypes of frailty. Similar to using conventional tools, routine clinical data-based frailty was associated with adverse health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Frailty assessment based on routine clinical data could efficiently evaluate frailty using electronic health records from primary care centers or hospitals. However, they need refinement to consider the risk factors, mechanisms, and frailty phenotypes.
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22
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Zhang L, Ji T, Sun F, Li Y, Tang Z, Ma L. A Simplified Frailty Index Predicts Mortality in Older Adults in Beijing. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4867-4873. [PMID: 34887689 PMCID: PMC8650771 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s302354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is an integral tool used to identify vulnerable older adults in need of individualized plans to delay the course of diseases and monitor treatment outcomes. We previously developed and validated a 68-item frailty index (FI) based on the CGA in a large, older, Chinese population. However, substantial time is needed to evaluate the 68 items. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a simplified FI for use in Chinese older population. Design Longitudinal study. Setting and Participants Data were drawn from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging. The study was conducted in 2004 with 1808 participants evaluated using the CGA and was followed-up for 13 years. Mortality was recorded at 3, 5, 8, 10, and 13 years intervals. Measures 27-Item, 50-item, and 68-item frailty indices were investigated. A Cox proportional hazards model and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) were calculated to compare mortality predictions. Results The FI was positively correlated with age in males (r = 0.174, P <0.001) and females (r = 0.270, P <0.001). The mean baseline FI was 0.225 ± 0.085 (range: 0.04-0.56) as evaluated by the 27-item FI, 0.181 ± 0.117 (range: 0.02-0.62) by the 50-item FI, and 0.167 ± 0.101 (range: 0.02-0.59) by the 68-item FI. Cox regression models showed that mortality was significantly higher in frail people than in non-frail people for all 3 indices (p<0.001). The AUCs of the 68-item FI, 50-item FI, and 27-item FI for predicting mortality were 0.720, 0.717, and 0.677, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion The 27-item FI is reasonable to expect that the AUC of the indices with the higher items number is inferior to the performance of the indices with higher number of items (FI50 and FI68). But 27-item maybe used as a tool to identify frail older adults and predict mortality in clinical and primary care practices in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
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Ho YW, Tang WR, Chen SY, Lee SH, Chen JS, Hung YS, Chou WC. Association of frailty and chemotherapy-related adverse outcomes in geriatric patients with cancer: a pilot observational study in Taiwan. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24192-24204. [PMID: 34747717 PMCID: PMC8610137 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: With the rapid growth of the elderly population and the increasing incidence of cancer, an increasing number of geriatric patients are receiving cancer treatment, making the selection of appropriate treatment an important issue. Increasing studies have confirmed that frailty can predict adverse outcomes in geriatric patients with cancer after treatment, but local data from Taiwan are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between frailty and chemotherapy-related adverse outcomes in geriatric patients with cancer. Material and Methods: A total of 234 geriatric patients aged ≥65 years with cancer receiving chemotherapy were enrolled during the study period of September 2016 to November 2018. The collected data included: patients’ basic demographics and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) before treatment, chemotherapy-related adverse outcomes, unexpected hospitalizations, and emergency department visits within 3 months of treatment. We investigated the association between frailty and chemotherapy-related adverse outcomes in geriatric patients with cancer using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of frailty in geriatric patients with cancer was 58.1%. Age, marital status, main caregiver, cancer type, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and physical fitness were factors associated with frailty. Frail geriatric patients with cancer were at higher risk of chemotherapy-related adverse outcomes, such as grades 3–4 thrombocytopenia (odds ratio [OR] = 11.13, p = 0.021) and grades 3–4 hyponatremia (OR = 12.03, p = 0.017), than non-frail patients, and they were at increased risk of unexpected hospitalizations (OR = 2.15, p = 0.025) and emergency department visits (OR = 1.99, p = 0.039). Conclusions: Frailty is a common problem in geriatric patients with cancer and significantly impacts chemotherapy-related adverse outcomes. Our findings suggest that geriatric patients with cancer should undergo frail assessment prior to chemotherapy as a reference to guide future treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Woung-Ru Tang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lee
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shi Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shin Hung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Shen Y, Wang Y, Shi Q, Hou L, Chen X, Dong B, Hao Q. The Electronic Frailty Index is Associated with Increased Infection and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Patients with Primary Lung Cancer: A Cohort Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1825-1833. [PMID: 34675497 PMCID: PMC8523305 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s335172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To assess whether the electronic frailty index (eFI) is independently associated with all-cause mortality and chemotherapy adverse reactions among older Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods This is a retrospective, single-institution, chart review, and not a prospective cohort study. All patients ≥60 years with primary lung cancer in the West China Hospital from 2010 to 2017 were included in this cohort. The eFI was established using 35 frailty-related variables in the electronic medical record (EMR) system and was cut by a value of 0.2 to classify the patients into frail (eFI ≥0.2) and robust/non-frail groups (eFI<0.2). The long-term outcome was all-cause mortality identified by government databases and telephone interviews. Short-term outcomes were any infection, bone suppression, chemotherapy discontinuation, impaired liver function, any gastrointestinal reactions and length of hospitalization. An inverse probability weighting method was used to eliminate the potential confounders. An adjusted Kaplan–Meier estimator and a weighted Cox model were used to calculate the survival and hazard ratio. A weighted logistic model was used to calculate the odds of short-term outcomes. Results A total of 997 patients were included in this study with a median follow-up of 34 months. Compared with non-frail patients, frail patients had an increased risk of mortality and shortened overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] of mortality, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.60; adjusted restricted mean survival time [aRMST] difference, −5.68 months; 95% CI, −10.15 to −1.21 months). For short-term outcomes, frail patients had increased odds of infection compared to non-frail patients (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.06). No other outcome showed a significant result. Conclusion This study of older Chinese patients with primary lung cancer suggests that eFI-based frail patients had worse prognoses with increased risk of all-cause mortality and shortened survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shen
- Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Centre, MAGIC China Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Centre, MAGIC China Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Hou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Sangarlangkarn A, Yamada Y, Ko FC. HIV and Aging: Overcoming Challenges in Existing HIV Guidelines to Provide Patient-Centered Care for Older People with HIV. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101332. [PMID: 34684281 PMCID: PMC8540433 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in antiretroviral therapy and subsequent increase in life expectancy, People with HIV (PWH) now experience multiple geriatric syndromes in the setting of advanced aging and increased multimorbidity. HIV clinicians bear the responsibility of delivering geriatric care to this vulnerable population, despite limited geriatric medicine training and limited support from HIV service networks that were not traditionally designed to care for an aging population. Although HIV clinicians reported formal guidelines specific to older PWH to be among the most helpful interventions, current HIV guidelines present multiple issues in their applicability to the care of older PWH, including multifactorial nature of conditions in older adults, difficulty measuring patient-centered outcomes, lack of representation of older PWH in clinical trials, limited guidelines addressing geriatric syndromes, and the use of chronological age as criteria for inclusion despite advanced aging in PWH. Understanding that updated guidelines addressing above challenges may take many years to develop, we offer strategies on the application of current guidelines, including using baseline attributes, time to benefit, and the Geriatrics 5M model to aid in shared decision making and improve outcomes among older PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroonsiri Sangarlangkarn
- Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-863-8648
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY 10029, USA; (Y.Y.); (F.C.K.)
| | - Fred C. Ko
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY 10029, USA; (Y.Y.); (F.C.K.)
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26
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Yadesa TM, Kitutu FE, Tamukong R, Alele PE. Prevalence, Incidence, and Characteristics of Adverse Drug Reactions Among Older Adults Hospitalized at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1705-1721. [PMID: 34588772 PMCID: PMC8473935 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s332251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are associated with significant clinical and economic effects. Among the elderly population, the risk for ADRs is even higher. Data of ADR prevalence and incidence among the elderly population in Uganda and many low- and middle-income countries are lacking. Objective This study determined the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of ADRs among hospitalized elderly patients at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Uganda. Methods and Materials We conducted a prospective cohort of older adults admitted to medical, oncology, and surgery wards at MRRH for consecutive 6 months. The primary data were obtained by interviewing patients and caregivers and reviewing patient medication charts, taking vital signs, and physical examinations. We used Edwards and Aronson’s definition of ADR and the Naranjo ADR Causality Scale. We conducted descriptive statistics and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test using SPSS Version 23.0. Results We studied a total of 523 older adults 60 to 103 years of age. During their hospital stay, 256 (48.9%) of the patients experienced at least one ADR. A total of 365 ADRs were identified during 4702 person-days of follow-up. The incidence of ADRs was 78 ADRs/1000 person-days. ADRs affecting the gastrointestinal tract were the most frequently (40.6%) identified categories. Probable and type A ADRs accounted for 260 (71.2%) and 305 (83.6%) of the total incidents, respectively. Overall, 237 (64.9%) of the ADRs were rated as mild, whereas 10 (2.8%) of them as severe. Lastly, 165 (45.2%) of the ADRs were categorized as preventable. Conclusion Almost half of the hospitalized patients aged 60 to 103 years experienced at least one ADR during their hospital stay, which is higher than has been previously documented. Almost three-thirds of the ADRs were probable, about 4 out of 5 were type A and almost two-thirds were mild. Nearly half of the ADRs were preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.,Pharmacy Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Freddy Eric Kitutu
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Sustainable Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Tamukong
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Pharmacy Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Paul E Alele
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Jin X, Ren Y, Shao L, Guo Z, Wang C, He Y, Zhou L, Cong M, Ma H, Wang W, Zhou C, Feng Y, Ba Y, Gao J, Lu M, Zhang M, Gu XW, Song C, Xu H, Shi H. Prevalence of frailty and prediction of mortality in Chinese cancer patients using a frailty index-based clinical algorithm-A multicentre study. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6207-6217. [PMID: 34318626 PMCID: PMC8446570 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the frailty status in Chinese cancer patients through establishing a novel prediction algorithm. Methods The percentage of frailty in various age groups, locations, and tumor types in Chinese cancer patients was investigated. The prediction capacity of frailty on mortality of Chinese cancer patients was analysed by the frailty index composing of routine laboratory data (FI‐LAB) accessible from a blood test and calculated as the ratio of abnormal factors to 22 total variables. The establishment of a novel algorithm, MCP (mortality of cancer patients), to predict the 5‐year mortality in Chinese cancer patients was accomplished and the algorithm's prediction capacity was tested in the training and validation sets using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results We found that the risk of death in cancer patients can be successfully identified through FI‐LAB. The univariable and multivariable Cox regression were used to evaluate the effect of frailty on death. In the 5‐year follow‐up, 20.6% of the 2959 participants (age = 55.8 ± 11.7 years; 43.5% female) died, while the mean FI‐LAB score in baseline was 0.23 (standard deviation = 0.13; range = 0–0.73). Frailty (after adjusting for gender, age, and other confounders) directly correlated with an increased risk of death, hazard ratio of 12.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.19, 22.31), compared to those without frailty. In addition, the MCP algorithm (MCP) = 3.678 × FI‐LAB + 1.575 × sex + 1.779 × first tumor node metastasis staging, presented an area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.691 (95% CI: 0.656–0.726) and 0.648 (95% CI: 0.613–0.684) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Conclusion Frailty as defined by FI‐LAB was common and indicated a significant death risk in cancer patients. Our novel developed algorithm MCP had a passable prediction capacity on 5‐year MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengqing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Minghua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cancer Center, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chunling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Feng
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianguo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Wei Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University/The 9th Clinical Medical College, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Dai S, Yang M, Song J, Dai S, Wu J. Impacts of Frailty on Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:715513. [PMID: 34368203 PMCID: PMC8339469 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.715513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome and is described as a limited ability to compensate and recover from stressors. Lung cancer is largely diagnosed in old age, when frailty is common and might have predictive value on prognosis. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the prognostic role of frailty in lung cancer. Methods: The online PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang literature databases were searched to identify all related articles that reported the predictive value of frailty for mortality and therapeutic toxicity. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze results by standard meta-analysis methodology. Results: Seven studies were included in this review, and only six studies with 2,359 patients were enrolled in meta-analysis. Patients in two studies received chemotherapy, two studies radiotherapy, two studies surgery, one study not reported. Compared to non-frail patients, frail patients had a higher risk of overall mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32–1.87], and therapeutic toxicity [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.60, 95% CI, 0.82–8.24]. Prefrail patients also showed higher overall mortality and therapeutic toxicity than non-frail patients (HR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.05–1.38; OR = 1.72, 95% CI, 1.18–2.51, respectively). Conclusions: Frailty is a powerful predictor of overall mortality and therapeutic toxicity in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shen Y, Hao Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang J, Dong B, Guyatt G. The association between preoperative modified frailty index and postoperative complications in Chinese elderly patients with hip fractures. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:370. [PMID: 34134662 PMCID: PMC8207648 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of a preoperative modified frailty index (mFI) based on data from medical records in predicting postoperative complications among older Chinese patients with hip fractures. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included consecutive older patients with hip fracture admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from December 2010 to June 2017 who underwent surgical repair. We selected 33 variables, including characteristics of hip fracture, to construct a mFI. Each variable was coded with a value of 0 when a deficit was absent or 1 when it was present. We calculated the mFI as the proportion of positive items and defined frailty as mFI value greater than or equal to 0.21 according to threshold proposed by Hoover et al. We examined the relationship between mFI and severity of postoperative complications and the occurrence of in-hospital pneumonia including statistical adjustment for several demographics (e.g. age, gender, and marital status) and habits (smoking and alcohol intake), time from fracture to surgery in the multivariable model. RESULTS We included 965 patients (34% male; mean age: 76.77 years; range: 60 to 100 years) with a prevalence of frailty of 13.06%. The presence of frailty was associated with a higher severity of complications (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.05). Frail patients were more likely to develop in-hospital pneumonia than non-frail patients (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.39). CONCLUSION The preoperative modified frailty index based on data from medical records proved significantly associated with postoperative complications among older patients with hip fractures undergoing hip surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jiang
- The Center of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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30
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Zhao C, Yan H, Pang W, Wu T, Kong X, Li X, Liu H, Zhao L, Liang F, Jia Y. Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25220. [PMID: 33761711 PMCID: PMC9281916 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies suggest that lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection for the treatment of lung cancer is an effective combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, which has a continuous and beneficial effect on eliminating clinical symptoms and improving cachexia in lung cancer patients. However, whether this treatment is effective and safe for lung cancer patients or not, evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of this treatment is still incomplete. Besides, there is lack of systematic review to assess the detailed situation (including risk of bias and methodology) of current related clinical studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection in the treatment of lung cancer. METHODS The major databases (Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database [VIP] Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System [SinoMed], and Wanfang Database) were searched from inception to March 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lentinan combined with cisplatin chest injection on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were identified. Two assessors reviewed each trial independently. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Both the data extraction and the literature quality screening evaluation were conducted independently by 2 researchers. RESULTS Totally 17 clinical RCTs were included in this study, involving 1390 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the clinical efficacy (risk ratio [RR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-1.48), effective subgroup analysis (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.3-1.77), and quality of life (RR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.27-1.72), the differences are statistically significant. In terms of adverse reactions, mainly related to gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow suppression, the incidence and degree of adverse reactions of lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection group were lower than those of cisplatin thoracic injection group alone. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence prompted that Lentinan combined with cisplatin in thoracic injection might benefit patients with NSCLC on a certain extent; this systematic review revealed some definite conclusions about the application of Lentinan combined with cisplatin in thoracic injection for NSCLC. Due to the low methodological quality, high risk of bias, and inadequate reporting on clinical data, these results still require verification by a large number of well designed, heterogeneous RCT studies. More rigorous, multicenter, sufficient-sample, and double-blind RCTs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District
| | - Haifeng Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District
| | - Wentai Pang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Evidence-Based Medicine Center
| | - Tong Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, He Bei district, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District
| | - Honggen Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District
| | - Linlin Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District
| | - Feng Liang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District
| | - Yingjie Jia
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District
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31
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Narasimhulu DM, McGree ME, Weaver AL, Jatoi A, LeBrasseur NK, Glaser GE, Langstraat CL, Block MS, Kumar A. Frailty is a determinant of suboptimal chemotherapy in women with advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:646-652. [PMID: 32518016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between frailty and chemotherapy delivery among women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS We included women who underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) for stage IIIC/IV EOC between 1/2/2003 and 12/30/2011, received adjuvant chemotherapy at our institution, and had data available to calculate a frailty deficit index. Frailty was defined as a frailty deficit index ≥0.15. Relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy was calculated as the percentage of the standard dose that was administered, and compared between frail and non-frail using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Failure to receive chemotherapy following PDS was twice as common among frail vs. non-frail women (26.7% vs 14.2%, p = 0.001). Of the 169 women who received chemotherapy at our institution, 17.2% (29/169) were frail. Frail women were older (mean, 67.9 vs 62.3 years, p = 0.01), had higher BMI (mean, 29.6 vs 25.7 kg/m2, p = 0.003), and were less likely to complete 6 cycles of chemotherapy (75.9 vs. 93.6%, p = 0.008). Using an RDI cutoff of 85%, frail women were less likely to have adequate doses of carboplatin (15.8 vs. 66.2%, p < 0.001) and paclitaxel (57.9 vs. 80.5%, p = 0.07) despite no differences in dose delays (34.5 vs. 42.1%), dose reductions (65.5 vs. 68.6%), and severe neutropenia (44.8 vs. 39.3%). After adjusting for age, frailty was associated with shorter progression-free (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 0.99-2.50) and overall survival (HR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.35-3.41). CONCLUSION Frail women with EOC were less likely to receive chemotherapy or the optimal dose of chemotherapy after PDS despite no evidence of treatment-related toxicity. Frail EOC patients demonstrated shorter progression-free and overall survival. Further studies are needed to explore the association between frailty, chemotherapy, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Maheswari Narasimhulu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michaela E McGree
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amy L Weaver
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aminah Jatoi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gretchen E Glaser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Carrie L Langstraat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew S Block
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amanika Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Banzato T, Franzo G, Di Maggio R, Nicoletto E, Burti S, Cesari M, Canevelli M. A Frailty Index based on clinical data to quantify mortality risk in dogs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16749. [PMID: 31727920 PMCID: PMC6856105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is defined as a decline in an organism’s physiological reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to stressors. In humans, a single continuous variable, the so-called Frailty Index (FI), can be obtained by multidimensionally assessing the biological complexity of an ageing organism. Here, we evaluate this variability in dogs and compare it to the data available for humans. In dogs, there was a moderate correlation between age and the FI, and the distribution of the FI increased with age. Deficit accumulation was strongly related to mortality. The effect of age, when combined with the FI, was negligible. No sex-related differences were evident. The FI could be considered in epidemiological studies and/or experimental trials to account for the potential confounding effects of the health status of individual dogs. The age-related deficit accumulation reported in dogs is similar to that demonstrated in humans. Therefore, dogs might represent an excellent model for human aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Maggio
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Nicoletto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Burti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Canevelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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