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Zhu Q, Cheang I, Guo Q, Lu X, Li Y, Yao W, Zhang H, Li X. Serum IGFBP5 as a predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2024; 411:132268. [PMID: 38880418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious condition with high mortality rates. Early risk stratification is of significant importance to assess the prognosis. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) levels in AMI patients and its potential as a prognosis biomarker were unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate serum IGFBP5 levels in AMI and its prognostic value for short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS We collected serum IGFBP5 levels from 200 patients with new-onset AMI and 71 coronary heart disease (CAD) patients without AMI. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between IGFBP5 and baseline variables. AMI patients were followed up, and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve, multivariate Cox models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 217 days, 40 patients developed MACE. Serum IGFBP5 was associated with serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.013 and P = 0.013). In multivariable survival analyses, higher IGFBP5 was associated with an increased risk of MACE [HR = 1.183, 95%CI (1.104, 1.268), P < 0.001)]. There was a positive and linear association between IGFBP5 levels and the occurrence of MACE (P for nonlinearity = 0.283). The positive association between IGFBP5 and MACE risk consist across subgroups characterized by demographics and comorbidities. CONCLUSION Serum IGFBP5 was highly expressed in patients with AMI and positively associated with the short-term risk of MACE. Circulating IGFBP5 may be a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for AMI, and further studies with larger sample and longer follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Iokfai Cheang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenming Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Xinli Li
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Park LK, Coggan AR, Peterson LR. Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction-A Focus on Nitric Oxide. Front Physiol 2022; 13:872719. [PMID: 35721565 PMCID: PMC9198547 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.872719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances over the past few decades, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains not only a mortal but a disabling disease. Indeed, the New York Heart Association classification of HFrEF severity is based on how much exercise a patient can perform. Moreover, exercise capacity-both aerobic exercise performance and muscle power-are intimately linked with survival in patients with HFrEF. This review will highlight the pathologic changes in skeletal muscle in HFrEF that are related to impaired exercise performance. Next, it will discuss the key role that impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays in HFrEF skeletal muscle pathology. Lastly, it will discuss intriguing new data suggesting that the inorganic nitrate 'enterosalivary pathway' may be leveraged to increase NO bioavailability via ingestion of inorganic nitrate. This ingestion of inorganic nitrate has several advantages over organic nitrate (e.g., nitroglycerin) and the endogenous nitric oxide synthase pathway. Moreover, inorganic nitrate has been shown to improve exercise performance: both muscle power and aerobic capacity, in some recent small but well-controlled, cross-over studies in patients with HFrEF. Given the critical importance of better exercise performance for the amelioration of disability as well as its links with improved outcomes in patients with HFrEF, further studies of inorganic nitrate as a potential novel treatment is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Park
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Skeletal muscle derived Musclin protects the heart during pathological overload. Nat Commun 2022; 13:149. [PMID: 35013221 PMCID: PMC8748430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is associated with poor prognosis in chronic heart failure patients, but the underlying mechanisms of cachexia triggered disease progression remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate whether the dysregulation of myokine expression from wasting skeletal muscle exaggerates heart failure. RNA sequencing from wasting skeletal muscles of mice with heart failure reveals a reduced expression of Ostn, which encodes the secreted myokine Musclin, previously implicated in the enhancement of natriuretic peptide signaling. By generating skeletal muscle specific Ostn knock-out and overexpressing mice, we demonstrate that reduced skeletal muscle Musclin levels exaggerate, while its overexpression in muscle attenuates cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis during pressure overload. Mechanistically, Musclin enhances the abundance of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), thereby promoting cardiomyocyte contractility through protein kinase A and inhibiting fibroblast activation through protein kinase G signaling. Because we also find reduced OSTN expression in skeletal muscle of heart failure patients, augmentation of Musclin might serve as therapeutic strategy.
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Mulkareddy V, Racette SB, Coggan AR, Peterson LR. Dietary nitrate's effects on exercise performance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:735-740. [PMID: 30261290 PMCID: PMC6401215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a deadly and disabling disease. A key derangement contributing to impaired exercise performance in HFrEF is decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Scientists recently discovered the inorganic nitrate pathway for increasing NO. This has advantages over organic nitrates and NO synthase production of NO. Small studies using beetroot juice as a source of inorganic nitrate demonstrate its power to improve exercise performance in HFrEF. A larger-scale trial is now underway to determine if inorganic nitrate may be a new arrow for physicians' quiver of HFrEF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Mulkareddy
- The Department of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8066, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Susan B Racette
- The Department of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8066, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108-2212, USA.
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 901 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 901 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Gilbert EM, Xu WD. Rationales and choices for the treatment of patients with NYHA class II heart failure. Postgrad Med 2017; 129:619-631. [PMID: 28670961 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1344082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) in the United States represents a significant burden for patients and a tremendous strain on the healthcare system. Patients receiving a diagnosis of HF can be placed into 1 of 4 New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classifications; the greatest proportion of patients are in the NYHA class II category, which is defined as patients having a slight limitation of physical activity but who are comfortable at rest, and for whom ordinary physical activity results in symptoms of HF. Because the severity of NYHA class II HF may be perceived as mild or unalarming by this definition, the urgency to treat this type of HF may be overlooked. However, these patients are optimal candidates for active intervention because their HF is at a critical point on the disease progression continuum when untoward changes can be halted or reversed. This review discusses the physiological consequences of NYHA class II HF with reduced ejection fraction and describes recent clinical trials that have demonstrated a therapeutic benefit for patients in this population. In doing so, we hope to establish that patients with NYHA class II disease merit careful attention and to provide reassurance to the treating community that options are available for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Gilbert
- a Division of Cardiology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Weining David Xu
- a Division of Cardiology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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Melin M, Montelius A, Rydén L, Gonon A, Hagerman I, Rullman E. Effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on skeletal muscle gene expression in patients with severe heart failure. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 38:118-127. [PMID: 27782354 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a non-invasive treatment in which leg cuff compressions increase diastolic aortic pressure and coronary perfusion. EECP is offered to patients with refractory angina pectoris and increases physical capacity. Benefits in heart failure patients have been noted, but EECP is still considered to be experimental and its effects must be confirmed. The mechanism of action is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EECP on skeletal muscle gene expression and physical performance in patients with severe heart failure. Patients (n = 9) in NYHA III-IV despite pharmacological therapy were subjected to 35 h of EECP during 7 weeks. Before and after, lateral vastus muscle biopsies were obtained, and functional capacity was evaluated with a 6-min walk test. Skeletal muscle gene expression was evaluated using Affymetrix Hugene 1.0 arrays. Maximum walking distance increased by 15%, which is in parity to that achieved after aerobic exercise training in similar patients. Skeletal muscle gene expression analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed an increased expression of two networks of genes with FGF-2 and IGF-1 as central regulators. The increase in gene expression was quantitatively small and no overlap with gene expression profiles after exercise training could be detected despite adequate statistical power. EECP treatment leads to a robust improvement in walking distance in patients with severe heart failure and does induce a skeletal muscle transcriptional response, but this response is small and with no significant overlap with the transcriptional signature seen after exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melin
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Montelius
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rydén
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Gonon
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Hagerman
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) patients suffer from exercise intolerance that diminishes their ability to perform normal activities of daily living and hence compromises their quality of life. This is due largely to detrimental changes in skeletal muscle mass, structure, metabolism, and function. This includes an impairment of muscle contractile performance, i.e., a decline in the maximal force, speed, and power of muscle shortening. Although numerous mechanisms underlie this reduction in contractility, one contributing factor may be a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Consistent with this, recent data demonstrate that acute ingestion of NO3 (-)-rich beetroot juice, a source of NO via the NO synthase-independent enterosalivary pathway, markedly increases maximal muscle speed and power in HF patients. This review discusses the role of muscle contractile dysfunction in the exercise intolerance characteristic of HF, and the evidence that dietary NO3 (-) supplementation may represent a novel and simple therapy for this currently underappreciated problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Coggan
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd. - Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd. - Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. - Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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8
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Coggan AR, Leibowitz JL, Spearie CA, Kadkhodayan A, Thomas DP, Ramamurthy S, Mahmood K, Park S, Waller S, Farmer M, Peterson LR. Acute Dietary Nitrate Intake Improves Muscle Contractile Function in Patients With Heart Failure: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:914-20. [PMID: 26179185 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle strength, velocity, and power are markedly reduced in patients with heart failure, which contributes to their impaired exercise capacity and lower quality of life. This muscle dysfunction may be partially because of decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. We therefore sought to determine whether ingestion of inorganic nitrate (NO3 (-)) would increase NO production and improve muscle function in patients with heart failure because of systolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, we determined the effects of dietary NO3 (-) in 9 patients with heart failure. After fasting overnight, subjects drank beetroot juice containing or devoid of 11.2 mmol of NO3 (-). Two hours later, muscle function was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. Dietary NO3 (-) increased (P<0.05-0.001) breath NO by 35% to 50%. This was accompanied by 9% (P=0.07) and 11% (P<0.05) increases in peak knee extensor power at the 2 highest movement velocities tested (ie, 4.71 and 6.28 rad/s). Maximal power (calculated by fitting peak power data with a parabola) was therefore greater (ie, 4.74±0.41 versus 4.20±0.33 W/kg; P<0.05) after dietary NO3 (-) intake. Calculated maximal velocity of knee extension was also higher after NO3 (-) ingestion (ie, 12.48±0.95 versus 11.11±0.53 rad/s; P<0.05). Blood pressure was unchanged, and no adverse clinical events occurred. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, acute dietary NO3 (-) intake was well tolerated and enhanced NO bioavailability and muscle power in patients with systolic heart failure. Larger-scale studies should be conducted to determine whether the latter translates into an improved quality of life in this population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01682356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Coggan
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Joshua L Leibowitz
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Catherine Anderson Spearie
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ana Kadkhodayan
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deepak P Thomas
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sujata Ramamurthy
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kiran Mahmood
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Soo Park
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Suzanne Waller
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marsha Farmer
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Linda R Peterson
- From the Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology (A.R.C., J.L.L., L.R.P.), Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L.L., A.K., D.P.T., S.R., K.M., S.P., M.F., L.R.P.), and Center for Applied Research Sciences (C.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Negrao CE, Middlekauff HR, Gomes-Santos IL, Antunes-Correa LM. Effects of exercise training on neurovascular control and skeletal myopathy in systolic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H792-802. [PMID: 25681428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00830.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurohormonal excitation and dyspnea are the hallmarks of heart failure (HF) and have long been associated with poor prognosis in HF patients. Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide (VE/VO2) are elevated in moderate HF patients and increased even further in severe HF patients. The increase in SNA in HF patients is present regardless of age, sex, and etiology of systolic dysfunction. Neurohormonal activation is the major mediator of the peripheral vasoconstriction characteristic of HF patients. In addition, reduction in peripheral blood flow increases muscle inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein degradation, which is the essence of the skeletal myopathy and exercise intolerance in HF. Here we discuss the beneficial effects of exercise training on resting SNA in patients with systolic HF and its central and peripheral mechanisms of control. Furthermore, we discuss the exercise-mediated improvement in peripheral vasoconstriction in patients with HF. We will also focus on the effects of exercise training on ventilatory responses. Finally, we review the effects of exercise training on features of the skeletal myopathy in HF. In summary, exercise training plays an important role in HF, working synergistically with pharmacological therapies to ameliorate these abnormalities in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Negrao
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Departament of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Igor L Gomes-Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Leung KP, Qu YH, Qiao DF, Xie WB, Li DR, Xu JT, Wang HJ, Yue X. Critical role of insulin‑like growth factor binding protein‑5 in methamphetamine‑induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2306-12. [PMID: 25230843 PMCID: PMC4214346 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly abused amphetamine-like psychostimulant. At present, the mechanisms underlying MA-induced cardiotoxicity are poorly understood. The cardiotoxic effects have yet not been clearly elucidated with respect to the apoptotic pathway. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP5) is important for cell growth control and the induction of apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether IGFBP5 is involved in MA-induced apoptosis as a novel target. MA-induced apoptosis was observed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) in a concentration-dependent manner using a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, MA was demonstrated to induce concentration-dependent increases in the expression of IGFBP5. Silencing IGFBP5 with small interfering RNA significantly reduced apoptosis and suppressed the expression of caspase-3 in NRVMs following treatment with MA. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provided the first evidence suggesting that IGFBP5 is a potential therapeutic target in MA-induced apoptosis in vitro, providing a foundation for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Pui Leung
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Qu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Fang Qiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bing Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ri Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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11
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Song YH, Song JL, Delafontaine P, Godard MP. The therapeutic potential of IGF-I in skeletal muscle repair. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:310-9. [PMID: 23628587 PMCID: PMC3732824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle loss due to aging, motor-neuron degeneration, cancer, heart failure, and ischemia is a serious condition for which currently there is no effective treatment. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) plays an important role in muscle maintenance and repair. Preclinical studies have shown that IGF-I is involved in increasing muscle mass and strength, reducing degeneration, inhibiting the prolonged and excessive inflammatory process due to toxin injury, and increasing the proliferation potential of satellite cells. However, clinical trials have not been successful due to ineffective delivery methods. Choosing the appropriate isoforms or peptides and developing targeted delivery techniques can resolve this issue. Here we discuss the latest development in the field with special emphasis on novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding authors: Yao-Hua Song, M.D. Ph.D., Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China, Phone: 86-512-65880899/626, Fax: 86-512-65880929,
| | - Jenny L. Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine
- Corresponding authors: Yao-Hua Song, M.D. Ph.D., Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China, Phone: 86-512-65880899/626, Fax: 86-512-65880929,
| | - Michael P. Godard
- Department of Nutrition and Kinesiology, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO
- Corresponding authors: Yao-Hua Song, M.D. Ph.D., Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China, Phone: 86-512-65880899/626, Fax: 86-512-65880929,
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