Positive predictive value of peptic ulcer diagnosis codes in the Danish National Patient Registry

Positive Predictive Value of Non-Traumatic Bleeding Diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Register

Purpose

The majority of bleeding diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry have not been validated despite extensive use in epidemiological research. Therefore, we examined the positive predictive value (PPV) of non-traumatic bleeding diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry.

Study Design

Population-based validation study.

Patients and Methods

Based on a manual review of electronic medical records, we estimated the PPV of diagnostic coding (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10)) for non-traumatic bleeding for all patients ≥65 years of age with any hospital contact in the North Denmark Region during March-December 2019 as registered in the Danish National Patient Registry. We calculated PPVs and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) for non-traumatic bleeding diagnoses overall and stratified according to primary or secondary diagnosis, and according to major anatomical sites.

Results

A total of 907 electronic medical records were available for review. The population mean age was 79.33 years (standard deviation (SD)=7.73) and 57.6% were males. Primary bleeding diagnoses accounted for 766 of the records and 141 were secondary bleeding diagnoses. The overall PPV for bleeding diagnoses was 94.0% (95% CI: 92.3-95.4). The PPV was 98.7% (95% CI: 97.6-99.3) for the primary diagnoses and 68.8% (95% CI: 60.7-75.9) for the secondary diagnoses. When stratified according to subgroups of major anatomical sites, the PPVs ranged between 94.1% and 100% for the primary diagnoses, and between 53.8% and 100% for secondary diagnoses.

Conclusion

The overall validity of non-traumatic bleeding diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry is high and considered acceptable for epidemiological research. However, PPVs were substantially higher for primary than for secondary diagnosis.

Development of a diagnostic algorithm identifying cases of dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty-based on 31,762 patients from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register

Background and purpose - Dislocation of total hip arthroplasties (THA) is often treated with closed reduction and traditionally not registered in orthopedic registers. This study aimed to create an algorithm designed to identify cases of dislocations of THAs with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) based on codes from the Danish National Patient Register (DNPR).Patients and methods - All patients (n = 31,762) with primary osteoarthritis undergoing THA from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014 were included from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR). We extracted available data for every hospital contact in the DNPR during a 2-year follow-up period, then conducted a comprehensive nationwide review of 5,096 patient files to register all dislocations and applied codes.Results - We identified 1,890 hip dislocations among 1,094 of the included 31,762 THAs. More than 70 different diagnoses and 55 procedural codes were coupled to the hospital contacts with dislocation. A combination of the correct codes produced a sensitivity of 63% and a PPV of 98%. Adding alternative and often applied codes increased the sensitivity to 91%, while the PPV was maintained at 93%. Additional steps increased sensitivity to 95% but at the expense of an unacceptable decrease in the PPV to 82%. Specificity was, in all steps, greater than 99%.Interpretation - The developed algorithm achieved high and acceptable values for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. We found that surgeons in most cases coded correctly. However, the codes were not always transferred to the discharge summary. In perspective, this kind of algorithm may be used in Danish quality registers.

Discontinuation of oral anticoagulation and risk of stroke and death after ablation for typical atrial flutter: A nation-wide Danish cohort study

INTRODUCTION

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is indicated for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 2 for men and ≥3 for women. This is regardless of successful catheter ablation for their arrhythmia. Studies have mainly focused on AF, and little is known regarding use of OAC in AFL patients following catheter ablation.

PURPOSE

To describe discontinuation of OAC in a national cohort of patients who have undergone first-time cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation (CTIA) for AFL.

METHODS

We identified patients undergoing first-time CTIA during the period 2010-2016 using the Danish National Ablation Registry. Information on comorbidities and OAC use were gathered using the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry. Patients were followed until March 1st, 2018.

RESULTS

We identified 2409 consecutive patients. Median age was 66 (IQR 58-72) years, and 1952 (81%) were men. During mean follow-up of 4 ± 1.7 years, 723 (30%) patients discontinued OAC. Patients discontinuing OAC were younger, had less comorbidity, and a lower CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. During follow-up, 252 (10%) patients died, and 112 (5%) patients had a stroke. Incidence of both these events increased with increasing age and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. In adjusted analysis, we observed higher mortality (p < 0.0001) in patients discontinuing OAC, while stroke rate was not significantly higher (p = 0.21).

CONCLUSION

In this national cohort of patients who have undergone first-time CTIA, patients discontinuing OAC treatment were younger and had less comorbidities. Patients remain at elevated risk of death and stroke/TIA, increasing with their age and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.

Hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease in China: Current features and outcomes

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Rates and outcomes of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are unknown in mainland China. We aimed to describe characteristics and treatments of PUD inpatients in secondary and tertiary care hospitals registered in the national Health Statistics and Information Reporting System in 2015 and to explore factors related to inpatient outcomes.

METHODS

We retrieved and validated PUD hospitalization data from 4441 hospitals reporting to Health Statistics and Information Reporting System in 2015. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of findings considering different reporting rates across provinces. Current analyses focused on ulcer sites, complications, therapies, and rates of in-hospital death or unauthorized discharge.

RESULTS

Total admissions for PUD were 443 433 (mean age 55.14 years), constituting 0.59% of all-cause hospitalizations of 2015 in 4441 hospitals. Duodenal ulcers were more common than gastric ulcers (44.69% vs 37.42%). About 61% of inpatients had complications (46.45% for bleeding and 14.66% for perforation). Over 96% of uncomplicated or bleeding inpatients were managed medically. Surgery was provided to 64.22% of perforated cases. Endoscopic hemostasis and transcatheter embolization were performed for 1.59% of the bleeding and 0.59% of the perforation cases. For all PUD cases, the average in-hospital mortality was 0.35%. Six percent of inpatients left hospitals without authorization. Multinomial logistic regressions showed that inpatient death and unauthorized discharge were associated with older age, gastric ulcer, bleeding, perforation, and comorbidity after controlling for gender, insurance status, hospital type, area, and region.

CONCLUSIONS

Currently, pharmacologic management is dominant, and endoscopic hemostasis is notably underutilized for PUD hospitalizations in mainland China.

Accuracy of ICD-9 codes in identifying patients with peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the regional healthcare administrative database of Umbria

Background

Peptic ulcer is a widespread disease, frequently complicated by perforation and bleeding. Administrative databases are useful tool to perform epidemiological and drug utilization studies, but they need a validation process based on a comparison with the original data contained in the medical charts. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of the ICD-9 codes in identifying patients with peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the regional administrative database of Umbria.

Methods

The index test of our study was the hospital discharge abstract database of the Umbria region (Italy), while the reference standard was the clinical information collected in the medical charts. The study population were adult patients with a hospital discharge for peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the period 2012–2014. A random sample of cases and non-cases was selected and the corresponding medical charts were reviewed. Cases of peptic ulcer were confirmed based on endoscopy, radiology, and surgery, while adjudication of gastrointestinal hemorrhage was based on presence of hematemesis, melena, and rectal bleeding.

Results

Overall, we reviewed 445 clinical charts of cases and 80 clinical charts of non-cases. The diagnostic accuracy results were: code 531 (gastric ulcer), sensitivity and NPV 98%, specificity 88%, and PPV 91%; code 532 (duodenal ulcer), sensitivity and NPV 100%, specificity and PPV 98%; code 534 (gastrojejunal ulcer), sensitivity and NPV 100%, specificity 70%, and PPV 45%; code 578 (gastrointestinal hemorrhage), sensitivity 96%, specificity 90%, PPV and NPV 94%.

Conclusions

Our results showed a high level of diagnostic accuracy for most of the codes considered. The ICD-9 code 534 of gastrojejunal ulcer had a lower level of specificity and PPV due to false positives, being mainly misclassifications for coding errors. These validated codes can be used for future epidemiological studies and for health services research.

Clinical coding data algorithm to categorize type of gastrointestinal bleeding as a primary reason for massive transfusion: results from the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry

BACKGROUND

Management of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) may require massive transfusion (MT), but limited data are available. Upper and lower GIB have different aetiologies, prognosis, bleeding patterns and outcomes. Better understanding of current transfusion management and outcomes in these patients is important. We sought to define and validate an algorithm based on clinical coding data to distinguish critical upper and lower GIB using data from the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry (ANZ-MTR).

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry hospital-source data on adult patients receiving a MT (defined as ≥5 red cell units within 4 h) for any bleeding context were used. An algorithm allocating ICD-10-AM codes into 'probable' or 'possible' causes of GIB was developed and applied to the ANZ-MTR. Source medical records of 69 randomly selected cases were independently reviewed to validate the algorithm.

RESULTS

Of 5482 MT cases available from 25 hospitals, 716 (13%) were identified as GIB with 538/716 (75%) categorized 'probable' and 178/716 'possible' GIB. Upper and lower GIB causes of MT were identified for 455/538 (85%) and 76/538 (14%) 'probable' cases, respectively; 7/538 (1·3%) cases had both upper and lower GIB. Allocation by the algorithm into a 'probable' GIB category had a 95·7% (CI: 90-100%) positive predictive value when validated against source medical records.

CONCLUSION

An algorithm based on ICD-10-AM codes can be used to accurately categorize patients with luminal GIB as the primary reason for MT, enabling further study of this critically unwell and resource-intensive cohort of patients.

Relationships of H. pylori infection and its related gastroduodenal morbidity with metabolic syndrome: a large cross-sectional study

The few published studies on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic homeostasis were relatively small and yielded inconsistent results. We examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in relation to H. pylori infection and its symptoms in a large and unselected population. Coded data from the computerised database of a large health maintenance organisation in Israel were accessed for 147,936 individuals 25–95 years of age who performed the urea breath test during 2002–2012. The classification of metabolic syndrome followed a modified definition of the international diabetes federation. Prevalences of H. pylori infection and metabolic syndrome were 52.0% and 11.4% respectively. H. pylori infected patients had increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.15 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.10–1.19), as did patients with gastric ulcer: aOR 1.15 (95% CI 1.03–1.28) vs patients without these conditions. Duodenal ulcer was associated with metabolic syndrome only in persons aged 25–34 years: aOR 1.59 (95% CI 1.19-2.13), but not in older persons (P = 0.001 for heterogeneity). In conclusion, the likelihood of metabolic syndrome appeared significantly increased in relation to H. pylori infection and gastric and duodenal ulcers. These findings suggest that H. pylori long-term gastric inflammation might play a role in metabolic homeostasis.