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The role of NURR1 in metabolic abnormalities of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35761385 PMCID: PMC9235236 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A constant metabolism and energy supply are crucial to all organs, particularly the brain. Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with alterations in cellular metabolism. These changes have been recognized as a novel hot topic that may provide new insights to help identify risk in the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease, understand disease pathogenesis, track disease progression, and determine critical endpoints. Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of PD, and changes in NURR1 expression can have a detrimental effect on cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that suggests a vital role of NURR1 in dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron development and the pathogenesis of PD. The association between NURR1 and cellular metabolic abnormalities and its implications for PD therapy have been further highlighted.
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Indapurkar A, Hartman N, Patel V, Matta MK. Simultaneous UHPLC-MS/MS method of estradiol metabolites to support the evaluation of Phase-2 metabolic activity of induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121765. [PMID: 31434025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of three estradiol metabolites namely estradiol 3-β-D-glucuronide (E3G), estradiol 17-β-D-glucuronide (E17G) and estradiol 3-sulfate (E3S) in cell culture medium to support the characterization of metabolic function of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived hepatocytes. To achieve this goal, a simple protein precipitation method was used for sample cleanup. All the metabolites were separated chromatographically using a C-18 column where 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile was used in gradient flow for 4 min. The analytes were quantitated by triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with the use of isotopically labeled internal standard (IS). This method was validated as per the U.S Food and Drug Administration's Bioanalytical Method Validation, Guidance for Industry. Linearity for E3G and E17G was in the range of 2-1500 ng/mL whereas for E3S it was 0.3-500 ng/mL. Inter-day and intra-day accuracy and precision of this method were in the acceptable limits. In addition, multiple stability tests (freeze thaw, autosampler, water bath (37 °C), bench top and long term) were performed for all the metabolites in cell culture medium. All the metabolites were stable up to 3 freeze thaw cycles at -20 °C and - 80 °C, 48 h in autosampler, 24 h at 37 °C, 48 h at room temperature and 173 days at -20 °C. Extraction recoveries for the metabolites were reproducible and were in the range of 94-108%. This method was used to quantitate estradiol metabolites generated by iPSC hepatocytes in-vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Indapurkar
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Neil Hartman
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Murali K Matta
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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Joseph S, Mahale SD. Endometriosis Knowledgebase: a gene-based resource on endometriosis. Database (Oxford) 2019; 2019:baz062. [PMID: 31169291 PMCID: PMC6551373 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex, benign, estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder with an incidence of ~10% women in reproductive age. The implantation and growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus leads to the development of endometriosis. Endometriosis is also associated with comorbid conditions like cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. The absence of non-invasive diagnostic markers, delayed diagnosis, high risk of recurrence of the disease on surgical removal of the tissue and absence of a definitive cure for endometriosis makes it imperative to gain insights into the complex etiology of endometriosis. A plethora of genes identified from blood and endometrial biopsies, involved in different pathways like steroid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, etc. have been associated with endometriosis. However, the exact mechanism and genetic etiology of endometriosis still remain unclear. The polygenic nature of the disease, incongruent phenotypic manifestations in different ethnic populations and information scattered in literature makes it difficult to delineate the sub-network of genes that will aid in disease diagnosis and effective treatment. Endometriosis Knowledgebase is a manually curated database with information on genes associated with endometriosis. It holds information on 831 genes, their associated polymorphisms, gene ontologys, pathways and diseases. Genes in the database are enriched in pathways important for cell signaling, immune regulation and reproduction. A genetic overlap is seen between endometriosis and cancers, endocrine/reproductive, nervous system, immune and metabolic diseases. Network analysis of genes in the Endometriosis Knowledgebase helped predict 13 new candidate genes for endometriosis. These genes were found to be enriched in biological processes associated with endometriosis. The Endometriosis Knowledgebase and incorporated tools for gene and sequence-based analysis will benefit both researchers and clinicians working in the realm of reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaini Joseph
- ICMR-Biomedical Informatics Center, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Smita D Mahale
- ICMR-Biomedical Informatics Center, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, India
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Svensson E, Farkas DK, Gradus JL, Lash TL, Sørensen HT. Adjustment disorder and risk of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:751-6. [PMID: 26756302 PMCID: PMC4803588 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been postulated that stress is part of the etiological process of Parkinson's disease (PD). The risk of PD was examined in a cohort of patients with adjustment disorders, a diagnosis made in the presence of a severe response to a stressful life event. METHODS Using Danish medical registries, PD occurrence was examined in a nationwide population-based cohort of patients with adjustment disorder diagnosed between 1995 and 2011. The standardized incidence ratio of PD was calculated as the ratio of observed to expected cases, stratified by time and potential risk factors, including depression and anxiety. RESULTS Our adjustment disorder cohort (67 786 patients) was followed for a median of 8 years (interquartile range 4, 12.6 years). During follow-up, 119 patients developed PD, versus 64 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio of 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.53, 2.20). Consistent results were observed after stratification on potential risk factors, including depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Adjustment disorder, a diagnosis made in the presence of severe response to stressful life events, was associated with an increased risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Svensson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jaimie L. Gradus
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Boston University, USA
| | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Gao H, Wei X, Liao J, Wang R, Xu J, Liu X, Pan X, Li Z, Li Z, Xia Y, Wang Q. Lower Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Chinese Mainland. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:203. [PMID: 26578949 PMCID: PMC4621433 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Significantly lower BMD in PD compared to healthy subjects in both genders.Less than 35 mg(2)/dl(2) of Ca-P product in >80% of PD patients.Significant correlations between BMD and severity of PD.Lower BMD at H&Y stage III/IV than that at H&Y stage I/II. OBJECTIVES Although several lines of evidence have suggested that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a higher risk of osteoporosis and fracture, the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of PD patients is unknown. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 54 patients with PD and 59 healthy age-matched controls. Multiple clinical scales were used to evaluate the severity of PD, and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and homocysteine were measured to determine BMD's association with PD severity. RESULTS BMD in PD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. The BMD scores of the spine, femoral neck (FN), and hip were lower in females than in males in the healthy group. In the PD group, BMD in the hip was significantly lower in females compared to males. There was a negative correlation between daily l-DOPA dosage and BMD in the spine and hip in the PD group, while BMD in the spine, neck, and hip was significantly correlated with severity of PD. Besides, we found that among the lumbar spine (LS), FN, and hip, bone loss in the LS was the most severe in PD patients based on the T-scores. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that patients with PD have a higher risk of osteoporosis, and that low BMD in the spine, FN, and hip may indirectly reflect the severity of PD. Our findings have prompted us to pay more attention to osteoporosis in the LS in Chinese PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinchi Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiehua Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Zhao Y, Shen L, Ji HF. Osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Bone 2013; 52:498-505. [PMID: 23000281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) and osteoporosis are common diseases which affect a substantial portion of the elderly population. Accumulating evidence supports that PD patients have a high risk for osteoporosis in recent years. The purpose of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis on the risk of osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) levels in PD patients. METHODS We searched all articles indexed in Medline, SciVerse Scopus and Cochrane Library published up to January 2012 concerning the association between PD and risk of osteoporosis or BMD levels. In total, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that PD patients are at higher risk for osteoporosis (summary OR=1.18, 95% CI=[1.09, 1.27]) than healthy controls. The gender subgroup analysis suggested that PD male patients have a higher risk for osteoporosis than female patients (female patients: summary OR=1.16, 95% CI=[1.07, 1.26]; male patients: summary OR=2.44, 95% CI=[1.37, 4.34]). Further meta-analysis showed that PD patients have a lower hip, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD than healthy controls. The gender subgroup analysis found a lower BMD in PD female patients than controls, while no obvious difference was observed in PD male patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that PD patients are at higher risk for osteoporosis and have lower BMD levels than healthy controls overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
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Ording AG, Garne JP, Nyström PMW, Cronin-Fenton D, Tarp M, Sørensen HT, Lash TL. Hospital recorded morbidity and breast cancer incidence: a nationwide population-based case-control study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47329. [PMID: 23094045 PMCID: PMC3477157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic diseases and their complications may increase breast cancer risk through known or still unknown mechanisms, or by shared causes. The association between morbidities and breast cancer risk has not been studied in depth. Methods Data on all Danish women aged 45 to 85 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between 1994 and 2008 and data on preceding morbidities were retrieved from nationwide medical registries. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression associating the Charlson comorbidity score (measured using both the original and an updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)) with incident breast cancer. Furthermore, we estimated associations between 202 morbidity categories and incident breast cancer, adjusting for multiple comparisons using empirical Bayes (EB) methods. Results The study included 46,324 cases and 463,240 population controls. Increasing CCI score, up to a score of six, was associated with slightly increased breast cancer risk. Among the Charlson diseases, preceding moderate to severe renal disease (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.48), any tumor (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.25), moderate to severe liver disease (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.62), and metastatic solid tumors (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.89), were most strongly associated with subsequent breast cancer. Preceding myocardial infarction (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99), connective tissue disease (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.94), and ulcer disease (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99) were most strongly inversely associated with subsequent breast cancer. A history of breast disorders was associated with breast cancer after EB adjustment. Anemias were inversely associated with breast cancer, but the association was near null after EB adjustment. Conclusions There was no substantial association between morbidity measured with the CCI and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbech Ording
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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