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Fang Y, Lu ZH, Liu BZ, Li N, Yang MZ, Wang P. IRF5 promotes glycolysis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and is regulated by TRIM35. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:480-490. [PMID: 37594849 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of proteins are involved in tumor progression. However, the role of IRF5 in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study we aimed to elucidate the functions of IRF5 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS IRF5 expression in HCC was analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), etc. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, anchorage-independent assay, and EdU assay were used to evaluate the role of IRF5. The molecular mechanisms were studied by analyzing the metabolites with mass spectrum and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS IRF5 was upregulated in HCC. Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenic potential of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, IRF5 was found to upregulate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and promoted glycolysis. Additionally, tripartite motif containing 35 (TRIM35) interacted with IRF5, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. In the clinically obtained HCC samples, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5. CONCLUSION These findings reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC by enhancing glycolysis, further supporting the potential of IRF5 as a viable target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Hui Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang Zhong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward I), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhen Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Nie K. IRF1 promotes the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells through regulating HILPDA. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102046. [PMID: 36933274 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a main cause of deformity in aging people. The chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) has a positive effect on the cure of osteoarthritis. However, the regulatory mechanism of hADSC chondrogenesis still needs further exploration. This research investigates the role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in the chondrogenesis of hADSCs. METHODS hADSCs were purchased and cultured. The interaction between IRF1 and hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated (HILPDA) was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and verified through dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The expressions of IRF1 and HILPDA in osteoarthritis cartilage samples were measured through qRT-PCR. After hADSCs were transfected or further induced for chondrogenesis, the chondrogenesis was visualized by Alcian blue staining, and the expressions of IRF1, HILPDA and chondrogenesis-related factors (SOX9, Aggrecan, COL2A1, MMP13, MMP3) were determined through qRT-PCR or Western blot. RESULTS HILPDA bound to IRF1 in hADSCs. IRF1 and HILPDA levels were up-regulated during the chondrogenesis of hADSCs. Overexpressions of IRF1 and HILPDA promoted the chondrogenesis of hADSCs with the up-regulation of SOX9, Aggrecan and COL2A1 and the down-regulation of MMP13 and MMP3; however, IRF1 silencing generated the opposite effects. Besides, HILPDA overexpression reversed the effects of IRF1 silencing on inhibiting chondrogenesis of hADSCs and regulating the expressions of chondrogenesis-related factors. CONCLUSION IRF1 promotes the chondrogenesis of hADSCs through up-regulating HILPDA level, providing novel biomarkers for treating osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhao
- Department of orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, China.
| | - Xiaotie Wang
- Department of orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, China
| | - Keke Nie
- Department of orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, China
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Identification of ZDHHC1 as a Pyroptosis Inducer and Potential Target in the Establishment of Pyroptosis-Related Signature in Localized Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5925817. [PMID: 36589680 PMCID: PMC9800907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5925817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis or cellular inflammatory necrosis is a programmed cell death kind. Accumulating evidence shows that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in the invasion, metastasis, and proliferation of tumor cells, thus affecting the prognosis of tumors and therapeutic effects. Prostate cancer (PCa), a common malignancy among men, is associated with inflammation. Pathophysiological effects of pyroptosis on tumor development and progression, as well as the mediation of PCa, are known, but its effects on the potential prognosis for PCa warrant in-depth investigation. Herein, we built a risk model of six pyroptosis-related genes and verified their predictive abilities for prognostic and therapeutic effects. Higher risk scores indicated a higher probability of biochemical recurrence (BCR), higher immune infiltration, and worsened clinicopathological features. To derive scientific and reliable predictions for BCR in patients having PCa, the findings of the current study were verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort following evaluation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Additionally, after evaluating the six genes in the model, ZDHHC1 was found to be an important component. Its antitumor role was further assessed through in vivo and in vitro experiments, and its promoting effect on pyroptosis was further evaluated and verified. The above results provided a new perspective for further studies on pyroptosis and its clinical utility for PCa.
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Motawea MM, Zaki MES, Saif M, Osman AOBS, Nada AM. Study of single nucleotide polymorphism of vascular endothelium factor in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 36517920 PMCID: PMC9753302 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-022-00146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic alterations and high levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are presumptive risk factors for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). OBJECTIVE This work aims to study the presence of - 634G/C polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor (rs2010963) and its' serum level in patients with DTC and comparing these results with those of the control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study was a retrograde case-control study that included seventy patients with DTCin addition to seventy apparently healthy control subjects. Blood sample was taken and subjected to study of - 634G/C VEGF polymorphism (rs2010963) by real time PCR and measurement of its' plasma level by immunoassay kit (ELISA). RESULTS Regarding genotyping of VEGFA - 634G/C (rs2010963) polymorphism, there was significant increase in CG and GG genotypes (28.6%, 18.6% respectively) among patients compared to control subjects (20.0%, 4.3% respectively) and significant increase in CC genotype in control subjects (75.7%) compared to patients (52.9%), P = 0.001. The VEGF mean ± SD level was significantly elevated in patients compared to control subjects (1215.81 ± 225.78 versus 307.16 ± 91.81, P = 0.006). Moreover, there was significant increase in VEGF levels in patients with CG and GG genotypes (1295.9 ± 68.74, 1533.08 ± 109.95, respectively) compared to patients with CC genotype (1061 163.25), P = 0.001). CONCLUSION There was significant increase in GG and CG genotypes in patients with DTC compared to control subjects which may suggest a predisposing role for these genotypes in development of DTC. Moreover, there was significant increase in serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with GG and CG genotypes which may reflect the mechanism of these genotypes in development of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Mohsen Motawea
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Saif
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Oncology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Osama BS Osman
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XClinical Pathology Department, Assuit Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aml Mohamed Nada
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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HDAC8 Promotes Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer via Inhibition of IRF1 and Upregulation of SUCNR1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2815187. [PMID: 36035205 PMCID: PMC9400431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2815187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are well-characterized for their involvement in tumor progression. Herein, the current study set out to unravel the association of HDAC8 with colorectal cancer (CRC). Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to retrieve the expression patterns of HDAC8 in CRC and the underlying mechanism. Following expression determination, the specific roles of HDAC8, IRF1, and SUCNR1 in CRC cell functions were analyzed following different interventions. Additionally, tumor formation and liver metastasis in nude mice were operated to verify the fore experiment. Bioinformatics analyses predicted the involvement of the HDAC8/IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in CRC. In vitro cell experiments showed that HDAC8 induced the CRC cell growth by reducing IRF1 expression. Meanwhile, IRF1 limited SUCNR1 expression by binding to its promoter. SUCNR1 triggered the growth and metastasis of CRC by inhibiting cell autophagy. HDAC8 blocked IRF1-mediated SUCNR1 inhibition and thereby inhibited autophagy, accelerating CRC cell growth. Lastly, HDAC8 facilitated the development of CRC and liver metastasis by regulating the IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in vivo. Taken together, our findings highlighted the critical role for the HDAC8/IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in the regulation of autophagy and the resultant liver metastasis in CRC.
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Chen W, Miao C. KRT15 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion through β-catenin/MMP-7 signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2022; 39:68. [PMID: 35477819 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
KRT15 has been reported to act as an oncogene in colorectal cancer. However, whether KRT15 promotes colorectal cancer migration and invasion remain unclear. In this study, western blot and qRT-PCR assay were used to determine the expression of KRT15 in colorectal cancer cells. Wound-healing and transwell migration assay were performed to assess the migration of colorectal cancer cells. Matrigel transwell invasion assay was employed to examine the invasion of colorectal cancer cells. We found that KRT15 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer cells. Ectopic expression of KRT15 dramatically promoted colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. Conversely, silencing KRT15 remarkably suppressed the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Importantly, we found that MMP-7 was crucial for KRT15-induced migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Knockdown of MMP-7 significantly diminished the migration and invasion induced by KRT15; overexpression of MMP-7 almost completely rescued the inhibitory effects of KRT15 shRNAs on colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. In addition, by gain- and loss-of function, we confirmed that β-catenin was responsible for the increased expression of MMP-7 induced by KRT15 colorectal cancer cell lines. In conclusion, KRT15 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell at least partly through β-catenin/MMP7 signaling pathway, suggesting KRT15 is a potential therapeutic target for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Chen
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital (PKUIH), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengli Miao
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital (PKUIH), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Bao A, Liu S, Dai F, Gong Y, Cheng Y. A Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Breast Cancer Based on Computational Biology Techniques. Front Genet 2022; 13:801056. [PMID: 35464869 PMCID: PMC9021921 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.801056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, which seriously threatens women's health worldwide. Pyroptosis is closely correlated with immune landscape and the tumorigenesis and development of various cancers. However, studies about pyroptosis and immune microenvironment in BC are limited. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) and their relationship to immune microenvironment in BC. First, we identified 38 differentially expressed PRGs between BC and normal tissues. Further on, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and computational biology techniques were applied to construct a four-gene signature based on PRGs and patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were classified into high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group showed significantly lower survival possibilities compared with the low-risk group, which was also verified in an external cohort. Furthermore, the risk model was characterized as an independent factor for predicting the overall survival (OS) of BC patients. What is more important, functional enrichment analyses demonstrated the robust correlation between risk score and immune infiltration, thereby we summarized genetic mutation variation of PRGs, evaluated the relationship between PRGs, different risk group and immune infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), which indicated that the low-risk group was enriched in higher TMB, more abundant immune cells, and subsequently had a brighter prognosis. Except for that, the lower expression of PRGs such as GZMB, IL18, IRF1, and GZMA represented better survival, which verified the association between pyroptosis and immune landscape. In conclusion, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and established a four-PRG signature consisting of GZMB, IL18, IRF1, and GZMA, which could robustly predict the prognosis of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anyu Bao
- Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Gong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yuan C, Zhou J, Zhou L, Wang L, Pan Y. Role of MiR-27a-3p in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through Targeting RASSF5 via MST1/LATS1 and RAS/RAC1 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4457673. [PMID: 35295173 PMCID: PMC8920666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4457673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells reduces the number of nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral disc tissue, resulting in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods The miR-27a-3p expressions in degenerative NP tissue and cells were measured via qPCR. The impacts of miR-27a-3p on the proliferation and apoptosis of human NP cells were evaluated by flow cytometry assays, MTT assays, and western blot analyses. In addition, target scan and luciferase reporter assay were applied to confirm that RASSF5 was directly binding to miR-27a-3p. Western blot was applied to assess the relationship between miR-27a-3p, RASSF5 and MST1/LATS1, and RAS/RAC1 signaling pathway. Results MiR-27a-3p was downregulated in degenerative NP tissues and cells by comparison with the control group. MiR-27a-3p overexpression enhanced cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of NP cells, while the above factors showed an opposite tendency after in the miR-27a-3p inhibitor group. The western blot experiment similarly suggested mir-27a-3p apparently downregulated apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and upregulated antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). In addition, RASSF5 was confirmed to be directly regulated by miR-27a-3p using the luciferase reporter assay. Overexpressed RASSF5 could reverse the effects caused by miR-27a-3p mimic. Finally, miR-27a-3p could downregulate RASSF5 and affected the MST1/LATS1 and RAS/RAC1 pathway. Conclusion MiR-27a-3p may target RASSF5 and enhance cell proliferation and imped cell apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus cells via the MST1/LATS1 and RAS/RAC1 pathway, lessening the degeneration of intervertebral discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Liran Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Schirrmacher V. Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Neoplastic and Immune Stimulatory Properties of Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:562. [PMID: 35327364 PMCID: PMC8945571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent interesting anti-cancer agents with high tumor selectivity and immune stimulatory potential. The present review provides an update of the molecular mechanisms of the anti-neoplastic and immune stimulatory properties of the avian paramyxovirus, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). The anti-neoplastic activities of NDV include (i) the endocytic targeting of the GTPase Rac1 in Ras-transformed human tumorigenic cells; (ii) the switch from cellular protein to viral protein synthesis and the induction of autophagy mediated by viral nucleoprotein NP; (iii) the virus replication mediated by viral RNA polymerase (large protein (L), associated with phosphoprotein (P)); (iv) the facilitation of NDV spread in tumors via the membrane budding of the virus progeny with the help of matrix protein (M) and fusion protein (F); and (v) the oncolysis via apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or ferroptosis associated with immunogenic cell death. A special property of this oncolytic virus consists of its potential for breaking therapy resistance in human cancer cells. Eight examples of this important property are presented and explained. In healthy human cells, NDV infection activates the RIG-MAVs immune signaling pathway and establishes an anti-viral state based on a strong and uninhibited interferon α,ß response. The review also describes the molecular determinants and mechanisms of the NDV-mediated immune stimulatory effects, in which the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein plays a prominent role. The six viral proteins provide oncolytic NDV with a special profile in the treatment of cancer.
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Zhang K, Xu PL, Li YJ, Dong S, Gao HF, Chen LY, Chen H, Chen Z. Comprehensive analysis of expression profile and prognostic significance of interferon regulatory factors in pancreatic cancer. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 35012444 PMCID: PMC8751298 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-01019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease and an increasing cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play vital roles in immune response and tumor cellular biological processes. However, the specific functions of IRFs in PC and tumor immune response are far from systematically clarified. This study aimed to explorer the expression profile, prognostic significance, and biological function of IRFs in PC. RESULTS We observed that the levels of IRF2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were elevated in tumor compared to normal tissues in PC. IRF7 expression was significantly associated with patients' pathology stage in PC. PC patients with high IRF2, low IRF3, and high IRF6 levels had significantly poorer overall survival. High mRNA expression, amplification and, deep deletion were the three most common types of genetic alterations of IRFs in PC. Low expression of IRF2, 4, 5, and 8 was resistant to most of the drugs or small molecules from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Moreover, IRFs were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in PC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cells. Functional analysis indicated that IRFs were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, immune response, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that certain IRFs could serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for PC patients. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to validate our findings and generalize the clinical application of IRFs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Pan-Ling Xu
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shu Dong
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Guo L, Fang T, Jiang Y, Liu D. IRF7 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9887-9902. [PMID: 34938108 PMCID: PMC8687632 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s342607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most prevalent malignances, ranking fifth in incidence and third in mortality among all malignances. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play a vital role in immune response and tumor cellular biological process. The roles of IRFs in STAD are far from being systematically clarified. Methods A series of bioinformatics tools, including GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER, Kaplan–Meier plotter and LinkedOmics, were applied to explore the expression and clinical significance of IRFs in STAD. Results IRF3/7 expression were upregulated in STAD in sub-group analyses based on race, gender, age, H. Pylori infection status, histological subtypes, tumor grade, individual cancer stages, and nodal metastasis status. High IRF3/7 expression were associated with poor overall survival (OS), post-progression survival (PFPS) and first progression (FP) in STAD. IRF3 and IRF7 were altered in 5% and 6% of all TCGA STAD patients. Further analysis revealed that IRF7 was significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells (B cells, Neutrophils and Dendritic cells) and the expression of most immune biomarkers. Enrichment analysis indicated that IRF7 was mainly involved in adaptive immune response, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Necroptosis, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We also identified several IRF7-associated kinase and miRNA targets in STAD. The result of verified experiment revealed that ITF7 expression was increased in STAD tissues compared with normal tissues and prognosis analysis revealed that STAD patients with high IRF7 expression had a poor overall survival. Conclusion IRF7 is upregulated in STAD and associated with poor OS, PPS and FP. Moreover, IRF7 is significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells and the expression of most immune biomarkers, suggesting that IRF7 is as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Li C, Zhang W, Fang T, Li N, Wang Y, He L, He H. Identification of the Prognostic Value Among Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Family Members in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:585000. [PMID: 34926570 PMCID: PMC8674660 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.585000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has become one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and remains a crucial cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway acts as an important role in KIRC. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are the key negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS family members have been verified to act as significant roles in regulating cellular responses to many cytokines and growth factors. However, whether the expression levels of SOCS affect the prognosis of patients with KIRC is still elusive. Methods: We first evaluated the expression of SOCS family genes in KIRC and determined the correlation between SOCS expression and different clinicopathological features. Then, we analyzed the genetic alterations, potential functions, transcription factor targets, and immune infiltration of SOCS family members based on the information available on public databases. Finally, we assessed the prognostic value of differentially expressed SOCS family members. Results: The expression levels of SOCS2, SOCS4, SOCS6, SOCS7, and CISH were downregulated in KIRC, and all SOCS genes were associated with clinicopathological features of patients with KIRC. SOCS family members have been predominantly related to protein binding, signaling adaptor activity, and JAK/STAT cascade. We found that STAT3, STAT6, and IRF1 are the key transcription factors that may be participated in the regulation of SOCS. We also found an association between the expression levels of SOCS and the immune infiltrates of KIRC. Finally, we have illuminated that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are risky genes, whereas SOCS2, SOCS4, SOCS6, SOCS7, and CISH are some of the protective genes for patients with KIRC; based on these, we have created a KIRC prognostic index for predicting the prognosis of patients of KIRC. Conclusion: Our study may contribute to further understanding the functions of SOCS genes in KIRC, which may help clinicians in selecting the appropriate drugs and predicting the outcomes for patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Fang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lugeng He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huadong He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Huang S, Deng W, Wang P, Yan Y, Xie C, Cao X, Chen M, Zhang C, Shi D, Dong Y, Cheng P, Xu H, Zhu W, Hu Z, Tang B, Zhu J. Fermitin family member 2 promotes melanoma progression by enhancing the binding of p-α-Pix to Rac1 to activate the MAPK pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:5626-5638. [PMID: 34321603 PMCID: PMC8445820 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We identified fermitin family member 2 (FERMT2, also known as kindlin-2) as a potential target in A375 cell line by siRNA library screening. Drugs that target mutant BRAF kinase lack durable efficacy in the treatment of melanoma because of acquired resistance, thus the identification of novel therapeutic targets is needed. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify kindlin-2 expression in melanoma samples. The interaction between kindlin-2 and Rac1 or p-Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 (α-Pix) was investigated. Finally, the tumor suppressive role of kindlin-2 was validated in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of clinical samples and Oncomine data showed that higher levels of kindlin-2 predicted a more advanced T stage and M stage and facilitated metastasis and recurrence. Kindlin-2 knockdown significantly inhibited melanoma growth and migration, whereas kindlin-2 overexpression had the inverse effects. Further study showed that kindlin-2 could specifically bind to p-α-Pix(S13) and Rac1 to induce a switch from the inactive Rac1-GDP conformation to the active Rac1-GTP conformation and then stimulate the downstream MAPK pathway. Moreover, we revealed that a Rac1 inhibitor suppressed melanoma growth and metastasis and the combination of the Rac1 inhibitor and vemurafenib resulted in a better therapeutic outcome than monotherapy in melanoma with high kindlin-2 expression and BRAF mutation. Our results demonstrated that kindlin-2 promoted melanoma progression, which was attributed to specific binding to p-α-Pix(S13) and Rac1 to stimulate the downstream MAPK pathway. Thus, kindlin-2 could be a potential therapeutic target for treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxian Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Lv L, Zhu W, Chen J, Gou X, Xu J, Zhu W, Zheng L, Shen X. Transcriptome analysis of FuZheng XiaoJi prescription inhibiting the proliferation of colorectal cancer. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1963325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lv
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weirong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoheng Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Yuan L, Zhang X, Cheng K, Li L, Guo Z, Zeng L. IRF1 Inhibits Autophagy-Mediated Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer via Targeting ATG13. Cancer Invest 2021; 40:35-45. [PMID: 34313498 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1961265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
IRF1 is a nuclear transcription factor that mediates interferon effects and appears to have anti-tumor activity. To determine the roles of IRF1 in colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated the effects of IRF1 in CRC cells. We found that IRF1 inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth. Under starvation conditions, IRF1 enhanced apoptosis and reduced autophagic flux. ATG13, an important factor of autophagy complex, was confirmed as a target of IRF1. These findings indicated that IRF1 function as a tumor suppressor in CRC and inhibit autophagy through ATG13, targeting this pathway may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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TF-RBP-AS Triplet Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Aberrant Alternative Splicing Events in Kidney Cancer: Implications for Their Possible Clinical Use as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168789. [PMID: 34445498 PMCID: PMC8395830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) is increasingly linked to cancer; however, how AS contributes to cancer development still remains largely unknown. AS events (ASEs) are largely regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) whose ability can be modulated by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we used a computational framework to investigate the roles of transcription factors (TFs) on regulating RBP-AS interactions. A total of 6519 TF–RBP–AS triplets were identified, including 290 TFs, 175 RBPs, and 16 ASEs from TCGA–KIRC RNA sequencing data. TF function categories were defined according to correlation changes between RBP expression and their targeted ASEs. The results suggested that most TFs affected multiple targets, and six different classes of TF-mediated transcriptional dysregulations were identified. Then, regulatory networks were constructed for TF–RBP–AS triplets. Further pathway-enrichment analysis showed that these TFs and RBPs involved in triplets were enriched in a variety of pathways that were associated with cancer development and progression. Survival analysis showed that some triplets were highly associated with survival rates. These findings demonstrated that the integration of TFs into alternative splicing regulatory networks can help us in understanding the roles of alternative splicing in cancer.
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17
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Maestri E, Duszka K, Kuznetsov VA. Immunity Depletion, Telomere Imbalance, and Cancer-Associated Metabolism Pathway Aberrations in Intestinal Mucosa upon Short-Term Caloric Restriction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133180. [PMID: 34202278 PMCID: PMC8267928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems cancer biology analysis of calorie restriction (CR) mechanisms and pathways has not been carried out, leaving therapeutic benefits unclear. Using metadata analysis, we studied gene expression changes in normal mouse duodenum mucosa (DM) response to short-term (2-weeks) 25% CR as a biological model. Our results indicate cancer-associated genes consist of 26% of 467 CR responding differential expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were enriched with over-expressed cell cycle, oncogenes, and metabolic reprogramming pathways that determine tissue-specific tumorigenesis, cancer, and stem cell activation; tumor suppressors and apoptosis genes were under-expressed. DEG enrichments suggest telomeric maintenance misbalance and metabolic pathway activation playing dual (anti-cancer and pro-oncogenic) roles. The aberrant DEG profile of DM epithelial cells is found within CR-induced overexpression of Paneth cells and is coordinated significantly across GI tract tissues mucosa. Immune system genes (ISGs) consist of 37% of the total DEGs; the majority of ISGs are suppressed, including cell-autonomous immunity and tumor-immune surveillance. CR induces metabolic reprogramming, suppressing immune mechanics and activating oncogenic pathways. We introduce and argue for our network pro-oncogenic model of the mucosa multicellular tissue response to CR leading to aberrant transcription and pre-malignant states. These findings change the paradigm regarding CR's anti-cancer role, initiating specific treatment target development. This will aid future work to define critical oncogenic pathways preceding intestinal lesion development and biomarkers for earlier adenoma and colorectal cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Maestri
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- Department of Biology, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Vladimir A. Kuznetsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- Bioinformatics Institute, Biomedical Sciences Institutes A*STAR, Singapore 13867, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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18
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Xu X, Wu Y, Yi K, Hu Y, Ding W, Xing C. IRF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via interferon‑induced proteins. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:104. [PMID: 33907823 PMCID: PMC8054637 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is one of the main methods for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) before or after surgery. However, radiotherapy tolerance of patients with CRC is often a major concern. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a member of the IRF family and is involved in the development of multiple diseases, including tumors. The present study investigated the role of IRF1 in the development and radiation sensitivity of CRC. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression levels of IRF1 in tissue samples from patients with CRC, as well as in nude mice. MTT, 5‑ethynyl‑20‑deoxyuridine, colony formation, cell cycle alteration and apoptosis assays were performed in CRC cell lines. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of a series of proteins. RNA sequencing was applied to identify genes whose expression was upregulated by IRF1 overexpression. Xenograft nude mouse models and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to validate the present findings in vivo. It was revealed that the expression levels of IRF1 were significantly lower in CRC tissues than in adjacent tissues. IRF1 upregulation inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, caused G1 cell arrest, promoted cell apoptosis, and enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to X‑ray irradiation. The role of IRF1 in promoting the radiosensitivity of CRC was further demonstrated in nude mice with CRC xenografts. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed that overexpression of IRF1 in CRC cells significantly increased the expression levels of interferon‑induced protein family members interferon α inducible protein 6, interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 and interferon induced protein 35 (fold change >2.0). In summary, the present study demonstrated that the upregulation of IRF1 inhibited the progression and promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC, likely by regulating interferon‑induced proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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19
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Gessani S, Belardelli F. Type I Interferons as Joint Regulators of Tumor Growth and Obesity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020196. [PMID: 33430520 PMCID: PMC7827047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity is a major public health and economic problem, as excess body weight represents a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases including cancer. Despite the strong scientific evidence for a link between obesity and cancer, the mechanisms involved in this interplay have not yet been fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of type I interferons, a family of antiviral cytokines with key roles in the regulation of both obesity and cancer, highlighting how the dysregulation of the interferon system can differently affect these pathological conditions. Abstract Type I interferons (IFN-I) are antiviral cytokines endowed with multiple biological actions, including antitumor activity. Studies in mouse models and cancer patients support the concept that endogenous IFN-I play important roles in the control of tumor development and growth as well as in response to several chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatments. While IFN-I signatures in the tumor microenvironment are often considered as biomarkers for a good prognostic response to antitumor therapies, prolonged IFN-I signaling can lead to immune dysfunction, thereby promoting pathogen or tumor persistence, thus revealing the “Janus face” of these cytokines in cancer control, likely depending on timing, tissue microenvironment and cumulative levels of IFN-I signals. Likewise, IFN-I exhibit different and even opposite effects on obesity, a pathologic condition linked to cancer development and growth. As an example, evidence obtained in mouse models shows that localized expression of IFN-I in the adipose tissue results in inhibition of diet–induced obesity, while hyper-production of these cytokines by specialized cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the same tissue, can induce systemic inflammatory responses leading to obesity. Further studies in mouse models and humans should reveal the mechanisms by which IFN-I can regulate both tumor growth and obesity and to understand the role of factors such as genetic background, diet and microbioma in shaping the production and action of these cytokines under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
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20
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Pradhan R, Ngo PA, Martínez-Sánchez LDC, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Rho GTPases as Key Molecular Players within Intestinal Mucosa and GI Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010066. [PMID: 33406731 PMCID: PMC7823293 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho proteins operate as key regulators of the cytoskeleton, cell morphology and trafficking. Acting as molecular switches, the function of Rho GTPases is determined by guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exchange and their lipidation via prenylation, allowing their binding to cellular membranes and the interaction with downstream effector proteins in close proximity to the membrane. A plethora of in vitro studies demonstrate the indispensable function of Rho proteins for cytoskeleton dynamics within different cell types. However, only in the last decades we have got access to genetically modified mouse models to decipher the intricate regulation between members of the Rho family within specific cell types in the complex in vivo situation. Translationally, alterations of the expression and/or function of Rho GTPases have been associated with several pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. In the context of the GI tract, the continuous crosstalk between the host and the intestinal microbiota requires a tight regulation of the complex interaction between cellular components within the intestinal tissue. Recent studies demonstrate that Rho GTPases play important roles for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the gut. We will summarize the current knowledge on Rho protein function within individual cell types in the intestinal mucosa in vivo, with special focus on intestinal epithelial cells and T cells.
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21
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Yuemaier M, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Wu C, Li F, Liang X, Kang H, Shen D, Gao F, Lin J. Identification of the Prognostic Value and Clinical Significance of Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs) in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927073. [PMID: 33161410 PMCID: PMC7659398 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors and has high incidence and mortality rates. The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family is known as a key transcription factor in the IFN signaling pathway and cellular immunity. This research explored the relationship between the IRF family and COAD through use of bioinformatics technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the UALCAN and GEPIA databases, we analyzed the transcription and prognostic value of IRFs in COAD, and GSCALite was used in cancer genomics analysis. TIMER, LinkedOmics, and Metascape were used to assess the potential function of IRFs in COAD. RESULTS The transcription levels of IRF3 were elevated in COAD tissues, while IRF2/4/6 were downregulated compared with normal patients in subgroup analyses of race, age, weight, sex, nodal metastasis, individual cancer stages, TP53 mutation status, and histological subtypes. IRF3 and IRF7 in COAD were significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that the expression level of IRF2/4/8 was negatively associated with drug resistance. A significant correlation was found between the IRF family and immune cell infiltration. Moreover, enrichment analysis revealed that the IRFs were associated with response to tumor necrosis factor, transcription misregulation in cancer, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also identified several kinase and miRNA targets of the IRF family in COAD. CONCLUSIONS We identified IRF3 and IRF7 as prognostic biomarkers in COAD, and the IRF family was associated with immune cell infiltration and gene regulation networks, providing additional evidence showing the significant role of the IRF family in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Yuemaier
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Youxu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Chengwen Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodan Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Haihan Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Dongfang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinxi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
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22
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Blanas A, Zaal A, van der Haar Àvila I, Kempers M, Kruijssen L, de Kok M, Popovic MA, van der Horst JC, J. van Vliet S. FUT9-Driven Programming of Colon Cancer Cells towards a Stem Cell-Like State. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092580. [PMID: 32927726 PMCID: PMC7565653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are located in dedicated niches, where they remain inert to chemotherapeutic drugs and drive metastasis. Although plasticity in the CSC pool is well appreciated, the molecular mechanisms implicated in the regulation of cancer stemness are still elusive. Here, we define a fucosylation-dependent reprogramming of colon cancer cells towards a stem cell-like phenotype and function. De novo transcriptional activation of Fut9 in the murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line, MC38, followed by RNA seq-based regulon analysis, revealed major gene regulatory networks related to stemness. Lewisx, Sox2, ALDH and CD44 expression, tumorsphere formation, resistance to 5-FU treatment and in vivo tumor growth were increased in FUT9-expressing MC38 cells compared to the control cells. Likewise, human CRC cell lines highly expressing FUT9 displayed phenotypic features of CSCs, which were significantly impaired upon FUT9 knock-out. Finally, in primary CRC FUT9+ tumor cells pathways related to cancer stemness were enriched, providing a clinically meaningful annotation of the complicity of FUT9 in stemness regulation and may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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23
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Wu Y, Zhang S, Yan J. IRF1 association with tumor immune microenvironment and use as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer recurrence. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1759-1770. [PMID: 32194669 PMCID: PMC7039159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to be one of the most lethal cancer types globally, and its recurrence is a major treatment challenge. Identifying the factors involved when determining the risk of CRC recurrence is required to improve personalized therapy for patients with CRC. Based on the GSE39582 dataset, the present study demonstrated that a higher ratio of M1 macrophages and activated memory CD4+ T cells indicated a better recurrence-free survival (RFS) time for CRC, using CIBERSORT and Pearson's correlation analysis. Through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), an immune-associated module was identified that was significantly positively correlated with the ratio of M1 macrophages and activated memory CD4+ T cells. In this module, using WGCNA and a protein-protein interaction network, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), chemokine ligand 5, ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6, guanylate binding protein 1 and interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta were identified as hub genes. Among these genes, univariate Cox and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that IRF1 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for RFS in patients with CRC. This was further validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that IRF1 influenced the genes and pathways that are associated with immune cell recruitment and activation. Additionally, the DNA methylation of cg27587780 and cg15375424 CpG sites in the IRF1 gene region was indicated to be negatively correlated with IRF1 mRNA expression and positively correlated with the recurrence of CRC. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that IRF1 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for RFS in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shuju Zhang
- Hunan Children's Research Institute, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
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Huang JX, Wu YC, Cheng YY, Wang CL, Yu CJ. IRF1 Negatively Regulates Oncogenic KPNA2 Expression Under Growth Stimulation and Hypoxia in Lung Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 12:11475-11486. [PMID: 31920336 PMCID: PMC6939401 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) has been reported as an oncogenic protein in numerous human cancers and is currently considered a potential therapeutic target. However, the transcriptional regulation and physiological conditions underlying KPNA2 expression remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and regulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) in modulating KPNA2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Materials and methods Bioinformatics tools and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to analyze the transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the KPNA2 promoter region. We searched for a potential role of IRF1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier Plotter datasets. qRT-PCR was applied to examine the role of IRF1 and signaling involved in regulating KPNA2 transcription. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of extracellular stimulation and intracellular signaling on the modulation of KPNA2-related TF expression. Results IRF1 was identified as a novel TF that suppresses KPNA2 gene expression. We observed that IRF1 expression was lower in cancerous tissues than in normal lung tissues and that its low expression was correlated with poor prognosis in NSCLC. Notably, both ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors reduced KPNA2 expression, which was accompanied by increased expression of IRF1 but decreased expression of E2F1, a TF that promotes KPNA2 expression in lung ADC cells. IRF1 knockdown restored the reduced levels of KPNA2 in ATM inhibitor-treated cells. We further demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-activated mTOR and hypoxia-induced ATM suppressed IRF1 expression but promoted E2F1 expression, which in turn upregulated KPNA2 expression in lung ADC cells. Conclusion IRF1 acts as a potential tumor suppressor in NSCLC. EGF and hypoxia promote KPNA2 expression by simultaneously suppressing IRF1 expression and enhancing E2F1 expression in lung ADC cells. Our study provides new insights into targeted therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Khosroshahi NS, Pouladi N, Shavali M, Ghafouri F, Abdolahi S, Hossinpour Feizi MA. Association of –634 G > C VEGF-A polymorphism in thyroid cancer patients in North West of Iran. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Coordination between Rac1 and Rab Proteins: Functional Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050396. [PMID: 31035701 PMCID: PMC6562727 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases of the Rho family regulate many aspects of actin dynamics, but are functionally connected to many other cellular processes. Rac1, a member of this family, besides its known function in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, plays a key role in the production of reactive oxygen species, in gene transcription, in DNA repair, and also has been proven to have specific roles in neurons. This review focuses on the cooperation between Rac1 and Rab proteins, analyzing how the coordination between these GTPases impact on cells and how alterations of their functions lead to disease.
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